pay_GIVE · Polish (płacić)

Hierarchy

Same inventory as English pay_GIVE, the Romance twins, and Hungarian fizet. Not four-place. Surface count can name Pat, Chris, twenty dollars, and a lawnmower, but the lexicon does not list four co-arguments of √PAY_GIVE / płacić.

dwadzieścia dolarów = one MeasureP. Twenty is not dollars. Dollars is not a sister of płacić. The genitive on dolarów in the affirmative is the numeral’s government (five and above), not genitive of negation and not a second case of the verb. There is no extra argument “currency symbol.” tę kwotę and trzy tokeny are the same object with endings the decimal does not show.

What Group C changes is genitive of negation on that MeasureP, and not on the Recipient. What it does not change is the inventory. On pay_GIVE, Recipient HAS Amount and za, if the hunch holds, holds the leftover DP. Payment-true is e2. There is no Polish sell page on this site, so goods-HAVE is not given a local Price cloth here. It remains the missing default, as the Romance sell pages already say of pagare / payer / pagar.

MeasureP WH diagnostics

WH forces Amount ≠ Denomination inside one object of płacić. Verbal WH sees the MeasureP, not unit and degree as two objects. No płacić question is printed. The printed measuring WH on this site is the FIN set Ile ETH zapisała rada na rachunku?, Ile zapisała rada na rachunku?, and the LBC star Ile zapisała rada ETH na rachunku?, plus the FEE reuse Ile ETH obciążyła rada? and Ile obciążyła rada ETH?. The płacić strings below reuse those shapes. They are constructed. There is no Hungarian preverbal Focus slot, so WH fronting is not a second host competing with a particle. Multiple-WH fronting stays an open Group C flag. It is not an elicited superiority paradigm.

1. ✓ Ile dolarów zapłacił Pat? constructed · whole MeasureP · FIN shape Ile ETH zapisała rada…
2. ✓ Ile zapłacił Pat? constructed · degree · unit bound · FIN shape Ile zapisała rada…
3. ✓ Jaką kwotę zapłacił Pat? constructed · noun MeasureP · ACC jaką kwotę · same object as tę kwotę
4. ✓ Komu zapłacił Pat dwadzieścia dolarów? constructed · Recipient WH · dative komu · no printed komu + płacić string
5. ✓ Za co zapłacił Pat dwadzieścia dolarów? constructed · Consideration WH · za hunch · not Amount
6. * Ile zapłacił Pat dolarów? constructed · LBC · unit stranded · shape of Ile zapisała rada ETH and Ile obciążyła rada ETH
7. * Ile zapłacił dolarów Pat? constructed · LBC · unit left beside the verb
8. * Co dwadzieścia zapłacił Pat? constructed · degree extracted · unit not a sister of the verb · Hungarian shape Mit húsz, not a Polish elicitation

Left Branch Condition: Amount lives inside MeasureP. The degree does not extract and leave the unit next to the verb. The printed rejection is Ile zapisała rada ETH na rachunku?. Ile zapłacił Pat dolarów? is that shape on this stem, tagged constructed. Rescues that keep Amount and unit inside one object are ile dolarów and ile with the unit bound. The rescue does not make dolar a sister of zapłacił.

Geometry · pay_GIVE ≠ obciążyć ≠ pay_BILL ≠ zapisać ≠ odjąć

In the constructed Pat płaci Chrisowi dwadzieścia dolarów, Chris comes to HAVE the twenty. That is give-geometry. Dative Recipient is the preferred spell-out of low Appl_HAVE. The Incremental Theme is a MeasureP of funds, not goods. The HAVE claim is the shared geometry. The Recipient case is the open packaging.

Which theta role is the object in this low Appl_HAVE domain is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection.

• ≠ obciążyć / naliczyć / charge_FEE. FROM dual. The levy is money FROM, e2 = debit / OWE. płacić is money TO, e2 = Recipient HAS Amount. Shared accusative MeasureP family and shared GEN-neg on that QP do not make the Appl head one. FEE’s za is a Consideration hunch on a debit. This page’s za is a Consideration hunch on a payment. Same letter, different event. FEE leaves Payer Case open. This page’s open Case is Recipient, not that Payer. ob- and na- stay bound on the levy. They are not morphemes of płacić.
• ≠ pay_BILL. Invoice/obligation as the object; MeasureP as instrument. English rejects a DOC of twenty dollars and the invoice. This page does not open a Polish BILL lemma, and it does not write rachunek and the money as two objects of GIVE. e2 of BILL is invoice-clearance, not Recipient HAS Amount.
• ≠ credit_FIN · zapisać. Ledger increment. The printed cloth is Rada zapisała 0,3 ETH na rachunku: na+Account, accusative MeasureP. e2 is HAS_ON_BOOKS, not payout and not Recipient HAS the cash. The shared GEN-neg spell-out does not make the roots one lemma. Account there is na. Recipient here, on the hypothesis, is dative. za- on zapisać stays bound. za- on zapłacić stays bound. Neither is the preposition za.
• ≠ deduct · odjąć. MeasureP leaves a Domain (z+genitive). e2 is the decrement. GEN-neg rewrites that QP too, and does not define deduct. Payment stays płacić / zapłacić, przelewać / przelać in that page’s Index 2 cell. Not HAVE of the Amount. Companion potrącić stays unranked there.
• ≠ przypisywać / obwiniać / winić. ATT and blame. Dative on ATT is Target (przypisywać coś komuś), not a payment Recipient. ATT Charge stays accusative under nie (Czy nie przypisali wczesne ukończenie wykonawcy?). Blame’s accusative is the Target, and its za is Charge content (Winili wykonawcę za opóźnienie). Blame’s Target is not the measuring QP. None of them has a MeasureP of funds. There is no Polish merit page.
• ≠ wymieniać / swap. Index 2 Transfer cites wymieniać / zamieniać, dawać, not płacić. płacić does not invert money and goods.
• Payment-true is e2. A follow-up that Chris never ended up with the twenty denies e2 of pay_GIVE. Goods-HAVE is sell. Invoice-clearance is BILL. Debit/OWE is FEE. HAS_ON_BOOKS is FIN. The decrement is odjąć.

Ordinary coercion toward trade (Amount as Theme₁, lawnmower as Theme₂) is available and is not the listed grid. przelewać is not filled in as that coercion.

Shells, ApplP, and Case

VoiceP  [ Pat
  vP / initP
    ApplP_LOW  [ Chrisowi   [ Appl_HAVE
      VP  [ √PAY- / płacić  [ MeasureP  [ Amount dwadzieścia ] [ N dolarów ]ACC ] ] ] ]
    za  [ Consideration  kosiarkę ] ]

Neg  [ nie ]
— MeasureP: ACC → GEN (tej kwoty / trzech tokenów / dwudziestu dolarów)
— Recipient: DAT stays (Chrisowi / komuś / mu / jej)

Polish płacić does not assign four structural Cases. Amount is accusative, and genitive under sentential nie. Recipient, on the preferred hypothesis, is morphological dative. Consideration, on the hunch, is inside za+accusative. The English DOC applied-object slot — Recipient as a second accusative — has no twin. There is no particle node. zapłacił does not split. The bound za- of the perfective is not the preposition, and it is not a Hungarian prefix that follows the verb.

Genitive of negation is not a new theta and not a fourth argument. It is the case of the same MeasureP. The Recipient is outside that rewrite. Weak mu / jej are that Recipient, the way mu is ATT’s Target on the live page. They are not a doubled copy beside a full dative.

Amount is Incremental Theme of pay on the give-reading. The lawnmower is Consideration, not Theme, if the za hunch holds. Homomorphism is on ⟨n, U⟩. A passive that promotes the Recipient as a bare nominative applied object would be the English DOC twin. It is not filed.

Voice filter: weather fails Payer. Institutional payers (the city, the bank) pass on the English, Romance, and Hungarian pages. The Polish weather star below is that filter in the clothes already used for Zła pogoda obciążyła tę kwotę and Zła pogoda zapisała 0,3 ETH na rachunku. Constructed. Weaker than Voice on blame — a city can pay; it cannot blame.

Omission does not demote the MeasureP or Consideration to pure adjuncts when present. The diagnostic is participanthood under Case, binding, and WH — not omitability.

N/A · not Polish pay_GIVE diagnostics

Sibling pages omit diagnostics the language does not have. Polish płacić is accusative MeasureP, genitive of that QP under nie, preferred dative Recipient, and a ranked za+accusative Consideration hunch, with bound morphology only. It is not a copy of Hungarian Focus, Romance clitics, or a Germanic separable prefix.

• A Hungarian Focus host, or a fel- / le- separation of płacić. N/A. płacić is not that stem. One preverbal host is the cloth of fizet. fel- belongs to felszámol. le- belongs to levon. No separation string is filed for płacić except the star that the bound za- of zapłacić does not leave.
• A filled frame for przelewać / przelać, or prze- as a particle of this root. N/A. prze- is the companion’s morphology. The companion stays an Index 2 stem without a GIVE Case frame.
• An English DOC or to-frame as a second Polish frame. N/A. Recipient is not a second bare accusative. The English alternation stays on pay-give.html.
• Romance clitic doubling. N/A. le + a, and Italian gli beside a in separate strings, stay on the Romance pages. mu / jej are the Recipient. They are not a second writing of a full dative.
• Spanish por / para, Italian per, or Hungarian -ért as Polish letters. N/A. The for-letter under the hunch here is za+accusative. Purpose vs Consideration is a complement-type question on that one letter, flagged open where Purpose would stack, and not checked.
• Genitive of negation as a Hungarian or Bulgarian rule. N/A on those languages. Hungarian nem keeps the accusative. Bulgarian has no nominal genitive. The rewrite is this page’s cloth, and the cloth of the live Polish measuring pages. It is not ATT’s Charge and not blame’s Target.
• A CAUSE domain, or Japanese -sase-, as a fourth argument. N/A. -sase- is derivational on Japanese, an outer Type A wrap. It is not lexical causative structure of płacić. The subscript is Causative templates and argument selection.
• Japanese Double-o, Mandarin 把 / 给 / 为. N/A. Those clothes stay on pay-give-ja.html and pay-give-zh.html.
• Navajo money-HANDLE as a Polish stem. N/A. Sell · Navajo stays deferred.

Group C packaging · this tick Polish only

Group C is the Inner European set already used for Hungarian Focus + nem, Bulgarian clusters, and Polish genitive of negation. Same √PAY_GIVE hierarchy as English, Japanese, Mandarin, Romance, and Hungarian. The cloth difference on this page is GEN-neg on the MeasureP QP, not on the Recipient. It is not a new argument. This tick is Polish płacić / zapłacić only. English is live at pay-give.html. Japanese harau is live at pay-give-ja.html. Mandarin 付 is live at pay-give-zh.html. Spanish pagar is live at pay-give-es.html. French payer is live at pay-give-fr.html. Italian pagare is live at pay-give-it.html and closed Romance. Hungarian fizet is live at pay-give-hu.html and opened Group C; átutal stays unfilled. Bulgarian плащам is live; превеждам stays unfilled. The next Index 2 Payment citation is a pause, or Group D German bezahlen, überweisen, or an unfilled companion. German is not opened here. Navajo money-HANDLE remains open/scout. Do not fake elicitation.

Open items

• Recipient Case. Preferred letter is morphological dative, from live ATT Target (przypisywać coś komuś), and from the Group C note that GEN-neg does not hit the Recipient. No printed płacić string shows the dative. Komu zapłacił…? is constructed, not elicited. The letter stays open as a field judgment. spec
• za+accusative Consideration. A hunch, guided by FEE’s za jednego bitcoina. Not checked as elicited. Blame’s za is a different licenser. Not a second object and not a price QP. spec
• Purpose stacked on Consideration. Index 2’s outer slot is labeled Purpose. A Purpose stack beside the za DP is not checked as good or bad. spec
• Bulgarian плащам is live. The suggested following candidate is a pause, or Group D German bezahlen, or an unfilled companion. Another language of pay_GIVE would not increment VERB_COUNT. German is not opened this tick. A pause is equally in order. spec
• przelewać / przelać. Named. No filled GIVE frame, no second root, no prze- separation copied onto płacić. spec
• Polish pay_BILL. Not merged. No document + money double object is promoted to a second sense page.
• Numeral government vs GEN-neg on dwadzieścia dolarów. Affirmative dolarów is the numeral’s genitive. The negation rewrite claimed here is the whole QP (dwudziestu dolarów). The cleaner visible pair remains tę kwotę / tej kwoty and trzy tokeny / trzech tokenów. Both are constructed on this verb.
• Multiple WH. Open Group C flag. Not an elicited superiority paradigm.
• Navajo sell, and unwritten merit pages. sell · Navajo stays deferred. No credit-merit-bg.html. No credit-merit-pl.html.

Corpus filenames

Primary geometry is the English pay lexical entry, including the Group C sentence “Polish płacić: GEN-neg on the MeasureP QP, not on Recipient.” Polish clothes for the MeasureP, the genitive rewrite, and the weather filter are the strings already printed on the FEE, FIN, deduct, ATT, and blame micro-entries. No płacić clause is among them. Constructed Pat/Chris frames diagnose packaging. They are not new elicitation. Index 2 Payment remains płacić / zapłacić, przelewać / przelać.