Working paper.
Hungarian micro-entry deepening Group C Inner European MERIT on elismer (ATT HU already opened Group C on tulajdonít). Geometry from Lexical_Entry_Credit_Argument_Structure and NegQ association maps from Negative_Questions_Credit (Group C Focus+nem; MERIT vs FIN named-root split). Constructed diagnostics diagnose Case clothes (ACC Charge + DAT Target), light-noun elismerés / érdem, Voice filter, Focus uniqueness, and the MERIT / ATT / blame / FIN splits; they are not spontaneous-speech citations. English, Spanish, French, Italian, Japanese, Mandarin, and German MERIT twins already live; ATT HU twin live; Navajo deferred.
Constructed examples.
Frames below are packaging hypotheses aligned with the lexical entry, chat 23 / 25 Group C–D notes, Index 2 Vols. 3 / 6, and the live ATT HU twin. Cause-true and settlement are not entailed — same missing defaults as English credit
MERIT,
attributeATT, and blame. Do not fake elicitation. FIN strings (
jóváír) and ATT (
tulajdonít) appear as contrast — ATT is live at
attribute-att-hu.html; do not deepen FIN.
Sense-class · MERIT / ATT / blame / FIN split (Index 2 five-lemma line).
Index 2 lists Hungarian Attitude as hibáztat, okol, tulajdonít, elismer, jóváír (Vols. 3, 6). This page deepens the merit / recognition reading of elismer as √ASCRIBE (+). Live ATT twin tulajdonít writes content-ascribe polarity — keep the split. Blame / hibáztat / okol ascribes fault (ACC typically Target). Ledger / book-HAVE readings sit at FIN pointer jóváír — Group C already names the roots. Keep the roots / polarities apart: MERIT advertises recognition packaging (light-noun érdem / elismerés) and does not import ATT’s bare content-ascribe or FIN’s MeasureP as the default MERIT cloth.
Scout / deferred.
Relative productivity of bare elismer vs light-noun elismerés / érdem is scout-leaning. Case clothes for light-noun Target (DAT vs Poss) flagged, not ranked. Dutch / Norwegian ascribe vs ledger letters stay predicted. No fake elicitation. sell·Navajo still deferred.
Hierarchy
Same inventory as English creditMERIT, Romance twins, Japanese 功績を認める, Mandarin 归功于, and German zuschreiben. Not five-place. Not four sisters of one V. Surface count can name the investors, the early completion, and the contractor — but the lexicon does not list four co-arguments of √ASCRIBE / √ELISMER-.
Intended labeling (shared with English · Hungarian cloth)
√ASCRIBE (positive / meritorious) + VoiceJ(Judge) + Charge + Target · hierarchy Cognizer / Judge > Charge / Content > Target
Voice introduces Judge (proto-Agent of the attitude). The ascription relates Target to Charge under positive / meritorious HOLD. Hungarian spells the productive cloth as ACC Charge (-t/-ot/-et/-öt) + DAT Target (-nak/-nek) — valakinek valamit elismer / recognition packaging with light-noun érdem / elismerés. Optional high Affectee / outer CAUSE wrap Voice; they are not listed inner arguments.
No MeasureP on MERIT. There is no verbal Amount+Denomination object unless Charge itself has been recoded as a share of credit (English lexical entry §5.4 hybrid — flag, do not deepen). Degrees that sneak in (mennyi érdem, partitives on Charge) live on the Abney spine of a light noun or of Charge — Left Branch Condition for sell / pay / chargeFEE / creditFIN does not apply as a verbal diagnostic here.
What Group C changes is Focus uniqueness + nem association and the named MERIT/FIN root split on the Index 2 line. What it does not change is the inventory. Weather still satisfies Target and fails Judge. Cause-true is still not entailed. Target and Charge still do not invert at Transfer cost. Treating creditMERIT as Agent > Theme > Goal, collapsing it with ATT because both sit on the Index 2 Attitude line, or collapsing it with FIN because dative can also mark Account under jóváír, predicts a DOC, a HAVE entailment, a MeasureP LBC host, or a grammatical weather-as-Judge — none of those exist on MERIT.
Hungarian frames · Case clothes
Group C packages merit-ascribe without a productive DOC. Productive cloth: Charge ACC with Target in dative, or recognition packaging with light-noun érdem / elismerés. Cheap NegQ association and cheap WH track ACC = Charge under Focus+nem. Bare ATT twin tulajdonít keeps content-ascribe; MERIT advertises positive / recognition polarity. FIN uses jóváír for MeasureP / Account — different root; pointer only below.
- ✓ A befektetők a vállalkozónak a korai befejezést elismerték. DAT Target · ACC Charge · bare elismer
- ✓ A befektetők elismerték a vállalkozó érdemeit. light noun · érdem · recognition packaging
- ✓ Elismerték a vállalkozónak a sikert. DAT Target · ACC Charge · impersonal surface
- ✓ A sikert a vállalkozónak elismerték. Charge promoted surface · DAT Target
- ✓ Nem a korai befejezést ismerték el a vállalkozónak? Focus+nem · content-Focus (= Charge)
- ✓ Nem a vállalkozónak ismerték el a korai befejezést? Focus+nem · Target-Focus · DAT
- ✓ Neki a sikert elismerték. neki = Target; Charge ACC
- ✓ Light-noun scout: A bizottság elismerése a vállalkozónak vitatott volt. elismerés · AGR=Judge · DAT=Target · scout
- ✓ A sikert a rossz időjárásnak elismerték? weather = Target OK · ironic / marked polarity — HOLD content
- ✓ FIN pointer only: A tanács minden számlának 0,3 ETH-t jóváírt. FIN · jóváír · do not deepen
- ✓ ATT contrast (live): A tanács a vállalkozónak a korai befejezést tulajdonította. ATT · tulajdonít · content-ascribe · live
- ✓ blame contrast (pointer): A bizottság a vállalkozót hibáztatta a késésért. blame · ACC = Target · hibáztat
- * A rossz időjárás a vállalkozónak a sikert elismerte? weather as Judge
- * A vállalkozónak a korai befejezést a sikert elismerték? no productive DOC (bare double ACC)
- * A vállalkozót a korai befejezéssel elismerték? as productive MERIT no with-frame / instrumental Charge as default MERIT
- * A korai befejezést a vállalkozóra elismerték? no blame onto-cloth as Charge host for MERIT
NegQ baseline · Focus+nem · association tracks content-Focus (= Charge) or Target-Focus
✓ Nem a korai befejezést ismerték el a vállalkozónak? content-Focus · cheap = Charge ACC
✓ Nem a vállalkozónak ismerték el a sikert? Target-Focus · DAT
✓ Elismerték a vállalkozónak a sikert? polar · no preverbal Focus
✓ Nem a vállalkozó érdemeit ismerték el? light noun · recognition packaging
✓ FIN contrast (pointer): Nem 0,3 ETH-t írtak jóvá minden számlának?
* A rossz időjárás senkinek nem ismerte el a sikert? weather as Judge under Neg
* A vállalkozónak a befejezést a sikert nem ismerték el? no Neg-rescued DOC
# Nem a korai befejezést ismerték el a vállalkozónak? — meaning the contractor didn’t cause it. cause-true not a default
A bare Nem on the canonical content-Focus NegQ most readily challenges the ascription event or the ACC Charge. Challenging the dative wants Target already under Focus. Focus uniqueness: one preverbal Focus host — not both Charge and Target (same cut as ATT HU). Negation does not grow a double-object and does not create a MeasureP on MERIT. HOLD is not cause-true — parallel to ATT’s missing cause default and FIN’s missing payout default.
WH / NegQ diagnostics · Focus+nem · no MeasureP LBC
Unlike sell / payGIVE / chargeFEE / bet / creditFIN, creditMERIT has no verbal MeasureP. There is therefore no Left-Branch Condition of the Amount-from-Denomination type on √ASCRIBE. Degrees that appear are DP-internal on Charge or on a light noun (érdem / elismerés). Group C FIN/deduct GEN-neg on MeasureP does not rewrite MERIT Charge as GEN — MERIT packages content-Focus / no GEN on Charge.
- ✓ Ki ismerte el a vállalkozónak a korai befejezést? WH = Judge
- ✓ Mit ismerték el a vállalkozónak? WH = Charge · ACC
- ✓ Kinek ismerték el a korai befejezést? WH = Target · DAT
- ✓ Kinek az érdemeit ismerték el? light-noun WH · scout
- ✓ Mennyi érdemet nem ismertek el neki? degree on light noun · Abney-side, not verbal MeasureP
- * Mennyit nem ismertek el a vállalkozónak a befejezésből? no verbal MeasureP LBC host on MERIT
- ✓ Focus uniqueness: A KORAI BEFEJEZÉST ismerték el a vállalkozónak. Charge Focus · one host
- ✓ Focus uniqueness: A VÁLLALKOZÓNAK ismerték el a korai befejezést. Target Focus · one host
- * A KORAI BEFEJEZÉST A VÁLLALKOZÓNAK ismerték el. Focus uniqueness · not both
- ✓ A sikert a rossz időjárásnak tulajdonították. ATT twin weather = Target · fine · content-ascribe
- * A rossz időjárással nem ismertették el a vállalkozónak a sikert? weather still not inner Judge under causative wrap
Superiority ranks Judge > ACC Charge > DAT Target > outer. Cheap NegQ association under Focus+nem tracks the focused Case object (Charge under content-Focus; Target under DAT Focus).
DAT Target ≠ Goal HAVE · Charge ≠ FIN MeasureP · ≠ ATT tulajdonít default · no GEN on Charge
DAT Target = ascribee under meritorious HOLD — not sell Recipient HAVE, not allocate Goal with optional HAVE, not FIN wallet / Account. Charge = content of the attitude — not ledger Amount, not sell Price, not pay Consideration, and not bare ATT’s neutral content-ascribe as the default MERIT cloth. Group C: Polish GEN-neg rewrites MeasureP of FIN/deduct; Hungarian MERIT keeps content-Focus / no GEN on Charge. Same Case letters as FIN Recipient DAT under jóváír and ATT DAT under tulajdonít — different root / polarity, different object.
Geometry · creditMERIT ≠ creditFIN ≠ hibáztat/okol ≠ attributeATT ≠ Transfer
In A befektetők a vállalkozónak a korai befejezést elismerték, the investors hold that the contractor is responsible for the early completion under meritorious evaluation. That is ascription, not HAVE of goods and not ledger INCREMENT. The contractor is Target. The early completion is Charge. HOLD is an attitude; MERITORIOUS(Target, Charge) is content, not a presupposed fact. Polarity is more positive / recognition-adjacent than ATT’s content-ascribe via tulajdonít.
- ≠ creditFIN / jóváír. Group C names the roots. FIN writes MeasureP TO a Domain / Account (A tanács minden számlának 0,3 ETH-t jóváírt). MERIT has no MeasureP and no Account — keep on elismer / light-noun érdem / elismerés. Collapsing them is the error the lexical entry was written to block. Do not deepen FIN this tick — pointer only.
- ≠ attributeATT polarity merge. Shared family (ascribe content to Target) and shared Voice filter; creditMERIT writes positive / meritorious polarity. Bare Hungarian tulajdonít DAT Target ACC Charge is the Group C attributeATT cloth — keep the split: MERIT light-noun érdem / elismerés advertises the praise-adjacent packaging. HU attributeATT twin is live at attribute-att-hu.html.
- ≠ blame / √ASCRIBE_FAULT (hibáztat / okol). Opposite polarity. Blame ascribes fault; credit ascribes merit. Shared Voice filter; polarity of HOLD differs. Index 2 lists all five in one Hungarian Attitude cell — deepen MERIT on elismer / érdem; blame clothes stay on hibáztat / okol (ACC typically Target).
- ≠ English DOC / Transfer invert. There is no productive bare DOC with two ACC objects as a licensed Case pair. Negation / Focus does not rescue it. Transfer Themes invert under swap NegQ; MERIT Target and Charge do not.
- ≠ sell / ApplHAVE / chargeFEE. No ApplHAVE, no ért-Price MeasureP as verbal MERIT cloth, no ApplFROM Payer. Surface dative on MERIT is Target Case, not Goal address with MeasureP Theme.
- Missing defaults. Cause-true and settlement are not entailed. Nem a korai befejezést ismerték el a vállalkozónak? is compatible with the contractor not in fact causing the early completion. Ironic polarity is lexical HOLD content, not a fourth argument.
English twin spells to-frame Charge ACC / Target to and with-frame Target ACC / Charge with. Japanese twin spells Charge o + Target ni. Romance twins: Charge ACC / Target a/à; light-noun mérito/mérite/merito. German twin: productive DAT Target + ACC Charge; light-noun Verdienst. Hungarian twin: DAT Target (-nak/-nek) + ACC Charge; Focus+nem; light-noun elismerés / érdem scout. Weather OK as Target, *not* as Judge.
Shells, ApplP, and Case
Base tree (ascribe-merit · Hungarian clothes)
productive cloth (valakinek valamit elismer):
VoiceP [ JudgeNOM
vP / √ASCRIBE
ACC Charge
DAT (-nak/-nek) Target ]
Focus field (one host · not Spec,T):
[FocusP ChargeFOC / TargetFOC · *both ]
NegQ associates under Focus+nem
Light-noun scout (érdem / elismerés):
VoiceP / DP [ JudgeAGR on N (Poss-AGR ≠ verbal DAT)
N / elismerésN / érdemN
(Charge-type / MERIT)
DAT Target ] ← verbal -nak = Target; Poss -nak on event N = Judge AGR — two heads
Hungarian MERIT never assigns four structural Cases. Charge is ACC; Target wears DAT (or lives inside the light-noun cloth). No low ApplHAVE. No low ApplSWAP. No ApplTASK. No MeasureP (unless share-of-credit hybrid — flag). High Appl / Affectee is extra when present and is not a listed argument of √ASCRIBE. Focus is one host, not a second subject.
Composition is V(DP) on the ACC Charge. Dative Target is structural/oblique Case on the Abney spine of Target (same cut as English to / Romance a/à / German DAT / ATT HU): V(DP), not V(nak(DP)). Early completion does not travel a path; the contractor is not a Goal with HAVE rights.
Pronoun height: neki/nekik resumes Target under many productive strings; ACC pronouns can resume Charge. Inanimate Target is fine. Inanimate subject as Judge is not generated — that is the Voice filter, not a Case accident.
Outer CAUSE wraps Voice. The causee, not the weather, is the Judge. Weather still fails as inner Judge under the wrap. Type A climbing unions Voice domains; Charge stays content and never climbs as a dative MeasureP.
Omission does not demote Charge to a pure adjunct. Selected Case layers are optional in the numeration; they are still arguments when present. The diagnostic is participanthood under Case, binding, Focus, and WH — not omitability. Charge clauses are islands in a way rationale adjuncts are not; there is no Neg-raising out of Charge.
Type A · causative wrap
✓ Nem a bizottsággal ismertették el a korai befejezést a vállalkozónak? outer Neg denies causing · constructed
* A rossz időjárással nem ismertették el a vállalkozónak a sikert? weather still not inner Judge
Underivables (Hungarian MERIT)
- * A rossz időjárás a vállalkozónak a sikert elismerte? weather / inanimate as Judge
- * A rossz időjárás senkinek nem ismerte el a sikert? Voice filter survives Neg
- * A rossz időjárással nem ismertették el a vállalkozónak a sikert? CAUSE wrap does not wash Voice filter
- * A vállalkozónak a befejezést a sikert elismerték? no productive DOC
- * Mennyit nem ismertek el a vállalkozónak a befejezésből? no verbal MeasureP LBC host on MERIT
- * A vállalkozónak 0,3 ETH-t ismertek el érdemként? as MERIT MeasureP FIN MeasureP ≠ MERIT Charge (unless share hybrid — flag)
- * A korai befejezést a vállalkozóra elismerték? no blame onto-cloth as Charge host for MERIT
- * A KORAI BEFEJEZÉST A VÁLLALKOZÓNAK ismerték el. Focus uniqueness · not both hosts
- * A vállalkozót a korai befejezésért cserélték? as ascribe-merit SWAP cloth ≠ ascribe-merit
- ✓ weather as Target (ATT twin cloth OK): A késést a rossz időjárásnak tulajdonították. inanimate Target fine on ascribe family
Group C packaging · Hungarian continues Inner European MERIT
Group C (Hungarian, Bulgarian, Polish) is the Inner European Focus / cluster / GEN-neg contrast set already predicted for NegQ on blame / sell / bet / chargeFEE / credit. Same hierarchy as English creditMERIT; Hungarian hosts Charge as ACC and Target as DAT, with unique preverbal Focus and Focus+nem NegQ. Content-Focus / no GEN on Charge contrasts MeasureP GEN-neg on FIN/deduct (Polish) — packaging on listed hosts, not a fourth sister. Pronouns resume Target; Focus demotion targets information structure, not a second Spec,T. This tick is Hungarian only and deepens Group C HU MERIT on elismer (ATT HU already opened Group C on tulajdonít; keep ATT/MERIT split). English, Spanish, French, Italian, Japanese, Mandarin, and German MERIT twins are live (Group D MERIT opened on DE). Bulgarian / Polish ascribe companions and Dutch / Norwegian Group D letters stay predicted or scout — not elicited here. FIN HU jóváír remains pointer-only.
Open items
- Bare elismer vs light-noun productivity. Relative frequency of bare DAT+ACC elismer vs érdem / elismerés packaging is scout-leaning — flagged, not ranked.
- Share-of-credit MeasureP hybrid. Lexical entry §5.4: Charge recoded as quantified share. Diagnostics: replaceable by elismer, not by jóváír; weather can wear the Target slot; the board can be wrong. Flagged, not deepened as verbal MeasureP on plain MERIT.
- Ironic polarity. HOLD polarity inside the attitude, not a fourth argument.
- ATT / MERIT split on Index 2 line. Live ATT twin at attribute-att-hu.html. Keep split; do not collapse on this page.
- FIN Hungarian micro-entry. Ledger jóváír remains a later tick. Keep the split; do not merge pages.
- Dutch / Norwegian Group D MERIT. Predicted companions (NL toeschrijven) deferred to next preferred tick.
- Navajo MERIT. HANDLE packaging deferred; sell·Navajo also deferred.
Corpus filenames
Primary extract for this micro-entry is Lexical_Entry_Credit_Argument_Structure (√ASCRIBE vs √CREDIT_LEDGER; Group C Focus+nem; MERIT ≠ FIN). NegQ association maps from Negative_Questions_Credit (Groups A–D). Chat packaging: Tritransitive chats 23 (NegQ on credit · two-root · Groups A–D), 25 (credit attitude vs transfer), and 35 (credit argument-structure acceptability). Index 2 Vols. 3, 6 Hungarian Attitude cell. Sister ATT HU twin and Group C shell notes (chat 04 / 15 Focus uniqueness; light-noun AGR). Constructed HU frames diagnose packaging; they are not new elicitation.
- Lexical_Entry_Credit_Argument_Structure.docx primary · √ASCRIBE · to/with clothes · Voice filter · MERIT ≠ FIN · Group C Focus
- Negative_Questions_Credit.docx NegQ association · ACC tracks cheap · Groups A–D · HU Focus+nem
- Subject_Constraints_Nonvolitional_Attitude_Verbs.docx Judge vs Target · weather battery
- 23-negative-questions-on-credit-two-root-analysis.md chat 23 · Groups A–D
- 25-credit-attitude-vs-transfer-verb.md chat 25 · ascribe vs ledger
- 35-credit-argument-structure-acceptability.md chat 35
- Lexical_Entry_Attribute_Argument_Structure.docx ATT twin · keep ATT/MERIT
- Attribute_GroupC_Larson_Shells.docx Group C shell plate · HU Focus
- INDEX2_Verbs.txt Hungarian Attitude · hibáztat, okol, tulajdonít, elismer, jóváír — Vols. 3, 6
Series placement: Hungarian sense×language twin of English creditMERIT, Spanish acreditar, French attribuer, Italian attribuire, Japanese 功績を認める, Mandarin 归功于, and German zuschreiben. Continues Group C HU MERIT. Feeds Attitude / Evaluation Index 2 beside hibáztat / okol / tulajdonít. Keeps FIN at ledger jóváír (pointer only). Links HU attributeATT twin (live). Speculation flagged.
Index 2 citations for this class
Attitude / Evaluation citations from Index 2
| Code | Language | Index 2 citation | As printed |
| EN | English | blame EN micro-entry, creditMERIT EN micro-entry, attributeATT EN micro-entry | Vols. 1, 3 |
| ES | Spanish | culpar ES micro-entry, creditMERIT · acreditar ES micro-entry, attributeATT · atribuir ES micro-entry | Vols. 3, 5 |
| FR | French | blâmer FR micro-entry, creditMERIT · attribuer FR micro-entry, attributeATT · attribuer FR micro-entry | Vols. 3, 5 |
| IT | Italian | incolpare IT micro-entry, creditMERIT · attribuire IT micro-entry, attributeATT · attribuire IT micro-entry | Vols. 3, 5 |
| HU | Hungarian | hibáztat, okol, tulajdonít, elismer, jóváír · attributeATT · tulajdonít HU micro-entry · creditMERIT · elismer HU micro-entry | Vols. 3, 6 |
| BG | Bulgarian | обвинявам / виня, приписвам / отдавам | Vols. 3, 6 |
| PL | Polish | obwiniać / winić, przypisywać | Vols. 3, 6 |
| DE | German | beschuldigen, verantwortlich machen, zuschreiben · creditMERIT · zuschreiben DE micro-entry · attributeATT · zuschreiben DE micro-entry | Vol. 7 |
| NL | Dutch | de schuld geven, toeschrijven | Vol. 7 |
| NO | Norwegian | legge skylden på | Vol. 7 |
Languages Index 2 does not list for this class are left off the table. Japanese / Mandarin MERIT sit Beyond Index 2 Attitude cells at their twin pages.