Working paper.
Norwegian micro-entry for Index 2 Attitude fault-ascribe, beside live
attributeATT · tilskrive and live
creditMERIT · tilskrive. Geometry from
Lexical_Entry_Blame_Argument_Structure; NegQ maps from
Negative_Questions_Blame (chats 13 / 22), which already covers Groups A–D. The live twins already print the blame contrast (
Komiteen la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren) and already keep
på and
for off
tilskrive. English blame already names the Group D cloth
legge skylden på as light-noun onto-geometry. Index 2 prints that citation and does not print a Charge preposition.
for is the Charge of the printed contrast, not a ranked exclusive. An
at-clause is not in Index 2 and not in that string, so it stays unranked and no example of it is filed.
om and Dutch
van are not copied. Voice notes for
bli and
få are the cut the live Norwegian ATT and MERIT pages already use (accusative promotes under
bli;
få is out because the dative is gone), applied here to the accusative noun. They are not a new elicitation. There is no Hungarian Focus note to import, and no Polish genitive of negation. The live Norwegian ATT page already says there is no
laten /
lassen wrap that washes the Voice filter; none is added here. Constructed diagnostics diagnose
på-Target, the accusative noun, and the missing DOC / MeasureP /
med-frame / HAVE / SWAP. They are working-paper hypotheses, not spontaneous-speech citations and not fake elicitation. Group C blame is already closed. Dutch and German blame are live. Navajo stays deferred.
Constructed examples.
Frames below are packaging hypotheses aligned with the lexical entry, the Blame NegQ paper, Index 2’s citation
legge skylden på, and the string already used as contrast on
attribute-att-no.html and
credit-merit-no.html (
Komiteen la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren). Cause-true and settlement are not entailed — same missing defaults as English blame and Norwegian ATT / MERIT. Do not fake elicitation. The Index 2 lemma is
legge skylden på. Preterite
la and perfect
har lagt are tense of that lemma, not a second root. Norwegian has no Slavic aspect pair to file. FIN / XFER ledger strings appear only as contrast pointers and are not Index 2 Attitude forms. Bokmål is the cloth of the live twins; Nynorsk is not filed.
Sense-class · blame / ATT / MERIT / XFER split (Index 2 line).
Index 2 lists Norwegian Attitude as
legge skylden på only (Vol. 7). This page deepens the
ascribe-fault reading of that cloth as √ASCRIBE_FAULT. Bare
tilskrive is content-ascribe at
attribute-att-no.html (ACC = Charge,
til Target), Beyond Index 2. The same letters host merit polarity at
credit-merit-no.html, often via light-noun
æren /
fortjeneste. Do not treat
tilskrive as the blame lemma. A legal / speech-act lean is not a Norwegian
chargeACCUSE page, and Index 2 does not print a second fault verb beside the light noun (unlike German
beschuldigen /
verantwortlich machen). Ledger / book-HAVE readings sit at
attributeXFER and a FIN pointer
godskrive only — do not deepen FIN. The
på of
godskrive … på kontoen is an Account cloth, not this page’s Target.
Scout / deferred.
Light-noun beskyldning is scout-leaning. The page does not rank which preposition, if any, spells the accused apart from the content on that noun. Bare skyld beside definite skylden is open, not a second root. A verb that would put the person in the accusative is not the Index 2 citation and is not deepened. Navajo HANDLE packaging is deferred. No fake elicitation.
Hierarchy
Same inventory as English blame, Spanish culpar, French blâmer, Italian incolpare, Japanese 責める, Mandarin 怪 / 责备, Polish obwiniać / winić, Bulgarian обвинявам / виня, Hungarian hibáztat / okol, German beschuldigen, and Dutch de schuld geven. Not five-place. Not four sisters of one V. Surface count can name the committee, the weather, the delay, and an outer cause — but the lexicon does not list four co-arguments of √ASCRIBE_FAULT.
Intended labeling (shared with English · Norwegian cloth)
√ASCRIBE_FAULT + VoiceJ(Judge) + Target + Charge · hierarchy Judge > Target > Charge (1+2)
Voice introduces Judge (proto-Agent of the attitude). The ascription relates Target to Charge. Norwegian spells the Index 2 cloth as a light noun in the accusative of legge and Target under på — legge skylden på noen. The printed contrast is la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. The accusative skylden is the noun, not the person and not the delay. på entreprenøren is Target. It is not a German-style accusative Target, and it is not the til-Target of tilskrive. ham resumes that Target inside the på-phrase. It does not resume an accusative person. Light-noun beskyldning is scout packaging of the same ascription, not a second root and not a reason to move blame onto tilskrive. Optional high Affectee / outer cause wraps Voice; they are not listed inner arguments. No causative wrap is filed: the live Norwegian ATT page already records that there is no laten / lassen layer that washes the Voice filter.
No MeasureP. There is no verbal Amount+Denomination object. Degrees that sneak in (hvilken del av skylden, a partitive on the light noun) live on the Abney spine of that noun — Left Branch Condition for sell / payGIVE / chargeFEE / creditFIN does not apply as a verbal diagnostic here. Polish GEN-neg rewrites MeasureP of FIN/deduct. Norwegian has no genitive of negation, and this lemma has no genitive Charge case to begin with. ikke does not rewrite the accusative noun into a genitive, and it does not move Charge into the accusative slot beside skylden. The working-paper NegQ keeps the accusative on the light noun, parallel to ATT Charge staying accusative under ikke on attribute-att-no.html. That is packaging. It is not an elicited denial of a Slavic genitive Norwegian does not have.
What Group D changes for Norwegian blame is that Index 2 prints the onto-geometry cloth itself. The accusative is the light noun. Target is på. German beschuldigen has ACC = Target. Dutch de schuld geven has accusative = the noun and Target = IO or aan. Norwegian does not copy either Target cloth: there is no bare accusative person, and Index 2 does not print a Dutch-style IO. The live Norwegian ATT and MERIT pages already say the dative is mostly gone and that få does not promote a missing dative. What this page does not change is the inventory. There is no Hungarian preverbal Focus host to rank, and no Bulgarian multiple-WH cluster to import. V2 is ordinary clause shape, the same shape the live Norwegian ATT and MERIT strings already use. There is no stranded particle: på is not a prefix of legge the way German zu- and Dutch toe- are prefixes that leave the stem. Weather still satisfies Target and fails Judge. Cause-true is still not entailed. Target and Charge still do not invert at Transfer cost. Treating blame as Agent > Theme > Goal, reading the person as an accusative Target because German beschuldigen works that way, collapsing the cloth with tilskrive because both can name a contractor and a delay, or collapsing it with XFER/FIN because godskrive can also use på for an account, predicts a DOC of person + delay, a HAVE entailment, a MeasureP LBC host, or a grammatical weather-as-Judge — none of those exist on blame.
Norwegian frames · Case clothes
Group D packages ascribe-fault without a productive DOC of person + delay. Productive cloth: accusative = skylden. Target is på. Charge for is the preposition of the string the ATT and MERIT pages already print. It is not ranked as the unique Charge P. The bare citation, which is what Index 2 prints, carries no Charge preposition and is not ranked against for. An at-clause is not filed. om and van are not filed. Cheap NegQ association and cheap WH track the accusative noun, or the preposition that hosts Target. ATT and MERIT keep ACC on a free Charge and til on Target. There is no clitic doubling. Full NPs do not show a dative. ham replaces the Target DP inside på. It does not write it twice, and it does not show accusative against dative.
- ✓ Komiteen la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. printed on the ATT and MERIT pages · ACC = skylden · på = Target · for = Charge of that string · not ranked exclusive
- ✓ I går la komiteen skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. V2 · på stays a preposition on Target · not a stranded particle
- ✓ Komiteen har lagt skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. perfect · same root · lagt is not a second lemma
- ✓ De la skylden for forsinkelsen på ham. ham inside på = Target · ACC still the noun · not German ihn
- ✓ Rapporten la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. document-metonymy Judge · fine
- ✓ De la skylden for forsinkelsen på det dårlige været. weather = Target OK · på
- ✓ Skylden for forsinkelsen ble lagt på entreprenøren. bli promotes the accusative noun · på-Target stays · same cut as NO ATT/MERIT · not a new elicitation
- ✓ Har de ikke lagt skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren? ikke after the finite verb · accusative stays the noun · no GEN-neg
- ✓ Har de ikke lagt skylden for forsinkelsen på ham? ham = Target under ikke · Charge stays for in this string
- # De la skylden på entreprenøren. bare citation shape · Index 2 prints no Charge P · not ranked against for
- # Light-noun scout: Beskyldningen ble bestridt. beskyldning · accused or content not spelled · do not rank a preposition
- # Bare-skyld scout: De la skyld for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. indefinite beside definite skylden · not a second root · not ranked
- ✓ ATT contrast (live): Rådet tilskrev forsinkelsen til entreprenøren. ATT · ACC = Charge · til = Target · attribute-att-no
- ✓ MERIT contrast (live): Investorene har tilskrevet æren til entreprenøren. MERIT · same til+ACC letters · æren · credit-merit-no
- ✓ FIN / XFER pointer only: Styret har godskrevet 0,3 ETH på kontoen. godskrive · på here is Account · do not deepen · not blame’s Target
- * Det dårlige været la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. weather as Judge
- * De la entreprenøren forsinkelsen. no blame DOC of person + delay
- * De la entreprenøren for forsinkelsen. no bare ACC person · not German beschuldigen
- * De la entreprenøren skylden for forsinkelsen. Dutch-style IO is not the Index 2 cloth · not filed
- * De har tilskrevet forsinkelsen til entreprenøren. ACC Charge + til Target is tilskrive, not blame
- * De la skylden med forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. no with-frame / med as productive blame
- * De la forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. accusative slot is the noun, not the delay
- * I går la komiteen skylden entreprenøren på. no stranded particle · på is not German zu- or Dutch toe-
- * Fikk entreprenøren skylden for forsinkelsen lagt på seg? få out · does not promote Target · no dative IO
- * De la skylden om forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. om is not a printed Charge P
- * De la skylden van forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. Dutch van is not filed
NegQ baseline · ikke · association tracks the accusative noun, not a second Charge
✓ Har de ikke lagt skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren? accusative = skylden · på = Target · order already on the twins
✓ Har de ikke lagt skylden for forsinkelsen på ham? ham = Target · for = Charge of this string
✓ Ble skylden for forsinkelsen lagt på entreprenøren? bli · the noun, not the person
✓ ATT contrast (pointer): Har de ikke tilskrevet forsinkelsen til entreprenøren? ATT keeps ACC on Charge under ikke
✓ FIN contrast (pointer): Har styret ikke godskrevet 0,3 ETH på kontoen? measuring object · not this verb · do not deepen
* Har det dårlige været ikke lagt skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren? weather as Judge under Neg
* Har de ikke lagt entreprenøren forsinkelsen? Neg does not install a DOC
* Har de ikke tilskrevet forsinkelsen til entreprenøren? as blame Neg does not install tilskrive’s Charge
* Ble entreprenøren lagt skylden på? bli does not promote Target
# Har de ikke lagt skylden for forsinkelsen på det dårlige været? — meaning the weather didn’t cause it. cause-true not a default
A bare ikke on the canonical NegQ most readily challenges the ascription event or the accusative noun skylden. Challenging the person wants the på-phrase already in the associate. Challenging the delay wants for already in the associate, and even then for is not ranked as the only Charge host. Negation does not grow a double-object of person + delay, does not move Charge into the accusative, does not turn the light noun into tilskrive’s free Charge, does not strand på as a verb particle, and does not produce a genitive of negation. HOLD is not cause-true. Norwegian has no preverbal Focus uniqueness of the Hungarian kind. V2, and ikke after the finite verb, are the ordinary shapes already used on the live Norwegian ATT and MERIT pages, not a Focus diagnostic. The Polish note “GEN-neg off on Charge unless Charge is a QP” names a host Norwegian blame does not have. A measuring QP is a FIN object, not this verb’s Charge.
WH / NegQ diagnostics · no Focus host · no MeasureP LBC · no stranded particle
Unlike sell / payGIVE / chargeFEE / bet / creditFIN, blame has no verbal MeasureP. There is therefore no Left-Branch Condition of the Amount-from-Denomination type on √ASCRIBE_FAULT. Degrees that appear are DP-internal on the light noun skyld. ikke does not rewrite the Target/Charge association. ATT’s parallel, on the live twin, is that Charge stays accusative under ikke. There is no Group C multiple-WH cluster and no Hungarian Focus uniqueness to rank here. Norwegian has no R-pronoun of the German wofür / Dutch waarvan type. Pied-piping på hvem is the Target question. It resumes Target, not a bet Platform. A string that leaves på behind as a verb particle is out, the same cut the live Norwegian ATT page uses against skrev … til. Preposition stranding of på is not evidenced on Index 2 or on those plates and is not filed as a paradigm.
- ✓ Hvem la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren? WH = Judge
- ✓ På hvem la de skylden for forsinkelsen? WH = Target · pied-piping på · not a stranded particle · not a bet Platform
- # Hvem la de skylden for forsinkelsen på? preposition left at the end · not the separable-particle pattern · not evidenced · not ranked
- # For hva la de skylden på entreprenøren? Charge WH of unranked-as-exclusive for · not a bare-for default · not a Platform
- ✓ På hvem har de ikke lagt skylden for forsinkelsen? WH–Neg Target · association not flipped onto a second accusative
- ✓ Hva ble lagt på entreprenøren? bli · the noun, not the person
- # Hvilken del av skylden la de på det dårlige været? degree on light noun · Abney-side · not verbal MeasureP
- * Hvor mye har de ikke lagt skylden på entreprenøren av forsinkelsen? no verbal MeasureP LBC host
- * Hva la de på entreprenøren for forsinkelsen? bare Charge WH · the accusative slot is the noun, not the delay
- * Hva tilskrev de til entreprenøren? as blame that WH is tilskrive’s Charge, not blame’s
- * I går la komiteen skylden entreprenøren på? no stranded particle
- ✓ De la skylden for forsinkelsen på det dårlige været. weather = Target · fine
- * På hvem la det dårlige været skylden for forsinkelsen? weather still not Judge
- * Hvem fikk skylden for forsinkelsen lagt på seg? få does not promote Target
The shared hierarchy ranks Judge > Target > Charge > outer. The accusative is the light noun that packages the ascription, not a third participant. Norwegian does not front a multiple-WH cluster of the Bulgarian or Polish kind, and it does not park one constituent in a Hungarian Focus position. There is no ranking of Target against a silent Purpose, Price, or Theme₂. Productive Target WH is på hvem. Productive Charge WH is not filed: for is the printed contrast, not an exclusive host, and Index 2 prints no Charge word to resume. på hvem does not resume a bet Platform.
ACC noun ≠ ATT Charge · på Target ≠ a stranded particle · ≠ tilskrive
Blame’s accusative is the light noun under HOLD — not the ascribee, not sell Theme, not ATT Charge, not FIN Amount. The ascribee is the på-phrase. Charge under for, when that preposition is present, is the content of the fault in the printed contrast — not ledger Amount, not sell Price, not pay Consideration, and not ranked against a host Index 2 does not print. ATT’s accusative is the delay and ATT’s Target is til (tilskrev forsinkelsen til entreprenøren). MERIT uses the same letters with æren. Index 2 does not print tilskrive at all, and this page does not deepen it as blame. Group D: Norwegian keeps the noun in the accusative under ikke, keeps ham inside på, and does not put the person or the delay in the accusative slot of legge. The same preposition på can show up next to a ledger account under godskrive — different object, and not deepened here.
Geometry · blame ≠ tilskrive ATT ≠ tilskrive MERIT ≠ attributeXFER ≠ sell
In Komiteen la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren, the committee holds that the contractor is responsible for the delay. That is ascription of fault, not HAVE of goods and not ledger INCREMENT. The contractor is Target. The delay is Charge. skylden is the light noun that carries the ascription. HOLD is an attitude; cause-true is not a presupposed fact.
- ≠ attributeATT · tilskrive. Different accusative, and tilskrive is not an Index 2 listing. Blame’s accusative is the noun (la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren). Attribute’s accusative is Charge and its Target is til (tilskrev forsinkelsen til entreprenøren). Blame’s på and for are not productive ATT frames: the ATT page already rejects them on tilskrive. Collapsing the two because both can say entreprenøren plus a delay ignores what the accusative is: skylden versus forsinkelsen.
- ≠ creditMERIT · tilskrive. Opposite polarity, same letters as ATT. MERIT ascribes merit (tilskrive æren til entreprenøren). Blame ascribes fault and stays on legge skylden på. Shared Voice filter; polarity of HOLD differs. Do not import æren / fortjeneste as the blame cloth, and do not move blame onto tilskrive because both sit in a Group D attitude neighborhood.
- ≠ German accusative Target copied onto this lemma. beschuldigen has ACC = Target. Norwegian Index 2 prints the light-noun cloth. The person is not the accusative of legge skylden på. Full NPs do not show the case, and ham does not spell it. Do not file “ACC = Target” for this lemma.
- ≠ Dutch IO copied onto this lemma. de schuld geven also has accusative = the light noun, but Target is IO or aan, and Charge of the printed Dutch string is van. Norwegian Target is på. The live Norwegian pages already treat the dative as gone. A Dutch IO order is not filed here, and van is not filed as a Norwegian Charge P.
- ≠ attributeXFER / creditFIN. Ledger MeasureP / Account is a different root. Styret har godskrevet 0,3 ETH på kontoen is a pointer, not an Index 2 Attitude citation. Blame has no MeasureP and no Account. The shared preposition på does not merge the two objects. Do not deepen FIN. XFER stays at attribute-xfer.html.
- ≠ English DOC / Transfer invert. There is no productive legge noen forsinkelsen as blame. Negation does not rescue it. English for-frame (accusative Target) is not this cloth. English on-frame (accusative Charge, on-Target) is the geometry neighbor of the light noun, not a license to drop skylden and put the delay in the accusative. Transfer Themes invert under swap NegQ; blame Target and Charge do not.
- ≠ separable-particle ascribe. German strands zu- and Dutch strands toe-. Norwegian tilskrive keeps til- on the stem, and legge skylden på does not have a prefix to strand. på introduces Target. It is not that particle.
- ≠ Hungarian Focus and ≠ Slavic cluster / GEN-neg. Group C is closed and is not the Norwegian cloth. ikke does not sit in a unique preverbal Focus slot, and it does not rewrite an object into a genitive. Multiple-WH fronting is not a Norwegian diagnostic. V2 is ordinary.
- ≠ sell / ApplHAVE / allocateGOAL. No ApplHAVE, no Price MeasureP, no optional HAVE Goal. The accusative is a fault noun, not goods that change hands. Surface på on blame is Target, not a Goal address. Surface for, when present, is fault content in the printed contrast, not Price.
- ≠ light-noun collapse. beskyldning does not spell the accused apart from the content, and this page does not invent the preposition that would. tilskrive with forsinkelsen as accusative Charge is the ATT verb, not this page’s accusative. Bare skyld is not ranked against definite skylden.
- Missing defaults. Cause-true and settlement are not entailed. Har de ikke lagt skylden for forsinkelsen på det dårlige været? is compatible with the weather not in fact causing the delay.
English twin spells for-frame accusative Target / for-Charge, and on-frame accusative Charge / on-Target. Spanish twin: a-Target / de-Charge. French twin: accusative Target / pour-Charge. Italian twin: accusative Target / di-Charge. Japanese twin: accusative Target under 責める; ni Target under light-noun; de / no sei-de Charge. Mandarin twin: Target post-V or 把-fronted; Charge via 因为. Polish twin: morphological ACC Target; Charge za / o / za to, że. Bulgarian twin: direct-object Target; Charge за / в / bare че. Hungarian twin: ACC Target; Charge -ért; Focus+nem. German twin: ACC Target on beschuldigen; Charge genitive / wegen / dass; wofür resumes Charge. Dutch twin: accusative = de schuld; Target IO or aan; Charge van; waarvan resumes Charge. Norwegian twin: accusative = skylden; Target på; Charge for only as the printed contrast; bare citation and an at-clause unranked; no DOC of person + delay, no stranded particle, and no Focus host. Weather OK as Target, not as Judge. Document-metonymy Judge OK.
Shells, ApplP, and Case
Merge Merge
Judge, Target, and Charge are selected. The accusative that merges is skylden. Target merges under på. for, when present, merges with Charge. No DOC of person + delay, no ApplHAVE, no MeasureP in the numeration.
Agree Agree
T agrees with the Judge (NOM, φ). v agrees with the accusative noun, not with the person. på and for are P/K, not a second Agree for a Goal. Full NPs do not spell a dative.
Move Move
V2 is ordinary clause shape. ikke follows the finite verb, as on the live Norwegian ATT and MERIT pages. There is no unique preverbal Focus host and no prefix to strand. på moves only with its DP.
Filter Filter
Voice: weather is not a Judge. The filter survives Neg. Gold No verbal MeasureP and no GEN-neg rewrite. DOC of person + delay, med, om, Dutch van, a stranded på, and tilskrive’s free accusative Charge are out. FIN godskrive is a different root. få does not promote Target.
- M1√ASCRIBE_FAULT merges with ACC skylden
- M2på merges with Target
- M3for, when present, merges with Charge · not ranked exclusive
- M4Voice merges Judge
- A5T ↔ Judge · NOM + φ
- A6v ↔ the noun · ACC
- V7Finite verb → V2 · på not stranded · not Focus
- F8Voice filter · weather ≠ Judge · bli promotes the noun · få out
- G9Gold negative · no verbal MeasureP · no GEN-neg · no om · no van
Base tree (ascribe-fault · Norwegian clothes)
productive cloth (legge skylden på):
VoiceP [ JudgeNOM
vP / √ASCRIBE_FAULT
ACC skylden ← the noun, not the person, not the delay
PP_på Target ← på entreprenøren / på hvem
PP_for Charge ] ← printed contrast only · not ranked exclusive
not a DOC of person + delay
not ACC Charge
not a stranded particle
bare citation (Index 2 · no Charge P printed · not ranked against for):
ACC skylden
PP_på Target
*at-clause (not filed):
— ← not on Index 2 · not in the printed string
*om / van (not filed):
PP_om / van — ← calques · not copied
*ATT / MERIT cloth (live on tilskrive · unavailable as blame):
VoiceP [ JudgeNOM
vP / √ASCRIBE
ACC Charge ← forsinkelsen / æren
PP_til Target ] ← tilskrive noe til noen
Light-noun scout (not a second accusative of legge):
N beskyldning ← accused or content · do not rank
N bare skyld ← not ranked against skylden
bli-passive (promotes the noun, not the person):
VoiceP [ skyldenNOM
vP / √ASCRIBE_FAULT
PP_på Target ]
få-passive: out (no DAT IO left to promote)
Norwegian blame never assigns four structural Cases, and it does not assign a productive dative. The accusative is the light noun. Target wears på. Charge, when the printed contrast is used, wears for. No low ApplHAVE. No low ApplSWAP. No ApplTASK. No MeasureP. High Appl / Affectee is extra when present and is not a listed argument of √ASCRIBE_FAULT. lagt is not a second root. tilskrive and godskrive are not on this tree. Index 2 does not add a companion verb whose accusative is the person.
Composition is V(DP) on the accusative noun. The P on Target and the P on Charge are clothing the DP wears (K on the Abney spine, or a selected relational P that does not add a fourth verbal argument). V(på(DP)) and V(for(DP)) are the wrong composition — same wrapper-K cut as English on / for and Dutch aan / van. There is no accusative clitic that doubles the DP the way Bulgarian го does. ham replaces the Target DP, and it is still one Target. Because there is no productive dative, the Target cut is the på-phrase, not a German ihn/ihm pair and not a Dutch IO.
Pronoun height: ham / henne / dem resume Target inside på; they do not resume the delay. den / det can resume the noun. Inanimate Target is fine. Inanimate subject as Judge is not generated — that is the Voice filter, not a Case accident. bli promotes the noun (ble lagt) and leaves Target under på. It does not promote the person the way German wurde beschuldigt promotes an accusative Target. få does not promote Target. Reflexive seg selv on legge skylden på seg selv corefers Judge and Target. It is not the passive and not elicited as a paradigm.
Outer cause is not given a Norwegian causative frame on this page. The live ATT twin already refuses a laten / lassen wrap as something that would wash the Voice filter, and no substitute is invented. Weather still fails as Judge. There is no Neg-raising out of Charge.
Omission does not demote Charge to a pure adjunct. The for layer is optional in the numeration; it is still an argument when present. The diagnostic is participanthood under Case, binding, and WH — not omitability. The bare citation is the Index 2 shape, not a proof that Charge was never an argument. Charge clauses, if a language hosts them, are islands in a way rationale adjuncts are not. Norwegian does not get an at-clause filed on that description: the host is not evidenced here.
bli promotes the noun · få out
✓ Ble skylden for forsinkelsen ikke lagt på entreprenøren? bli · noun subject · på-Target
* Ble entreprenøren lagt skylden på? bli does not promote Target
* Fikk entreprenøren skylden for forsinkelsen lagt på seg? få out
* Har det dårlige været ikke lagt skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren? weather still not Judge
Underivables (Norwegian blame)
- * Det dårlige været la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. weather / inanimate as Judge
- * Har det dårlige været ikke lagt skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren? Voice filter survives Neg
- * De la entreprenøren forsinkelsen. no blame DOC of person + delay
- * De la entreprenøren for forsinkelsen. no bare accusative person
- * Hva la de på entreprenøren for forsinkelsen? as a Charge object accusative slot is the noun
- * De har tilskrevet forsinkelsen til entreprenøren. ACC Charge + til Target is tilskrive
- * De la skylden med forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. no with-frame
- * I går la komiteen skylden entreprenøren på. no stranded particle
- * De la skylden om forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. om is not filed
- * De la skylden van forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. van is not filed
- * De la entreprenøren skylden for forsinkelsen. Dutch IO is not this cloth
- * Hvor mye har de ikke lagt skylden på entreprenøren av forsinkelsen? no verbal MeasureP LBC host
- * Fikk entreprenøren skylden for forsinkelsen lagt på seg? få out
- * Komiteen har byttet været mot forsinkelsen. as ascribe-fault SWAP cloth ≠ ascribe-fault
- * Forsinkelsen ble lagt på entreprenøren. as this lemma passive does not promote Charge over the noun
- ✓ weather as Target: De la skylden for forsinkelsen på det dårlige været. inanimate Target fine
- ✓ document Judge: Rapporten la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. metonymy Judge fine
Groups A–D packaging · this tick Norwegian only
Same hierarchy as English blame. This tick is Norwegian only and closes Group D blame after Dutch and German. Group C is already closed.
- Group A. Japanese 責める live at blame-ja.html; ni Target under light-noun, de / no sei-de Charge; Double-o unused. Mandarin 怪 / 责备 live at blame-zh.html. Navajo: scout — classificatory stem for weather as Target, not as Judge. Sell·Navajo stays deferred; this page does not touch NV.
- Group B. Spanish live at blame-es.html; French live at blame-fr.html; Italian live at blame-it.html. Charge letter there is de / pour / di. Norwegian for is the Charge of one printed contrast on a light noun, not a Romance clitic paradigm, and not an accusative Target.
- Group C. Closed. Polish is live at blame-pl.html (ACC Target; za/o; GEN-neg does not rewrite the association). Bulgarian is live at blame-bg.html (direct-object Target; за/в/bare че; clitic го). Hungarian is live at blame-hu.html (ACC Target; -ért; Focus+nem) and closed the group. None of those clothes is copied onto legge skylden på.
- Group D. German is live at blame-de.html (ACC = Target on beschuldigen; zuschreiben stays ATT/MERIT). Dutch is live at blame-nl.html (accusative = de schuld; Target IO or aan; Charge van). Norwegian is now live on this page: accusative = skylden, Target på, Charge for only as the printed contrast, bare citation and at-clause unranked, om and van not filed, V2 with no stranded particle, bli promotes the noun and få is out, light-noun beskyldning scout, tilskrive kept on the live ATT and MERIT pages. That closes the Index 2 Germanic blame set. Not another blame language on the following tick.
Open items
- Light-noun skyld / beskyldning. Definite skylden is the Index 2 accusative, not a scout beside a second verb. beskyldning is scout. No preposition on that noun is ranked, because the sources do not spell the accused apart from the content. Bare skyld is open against skylden and is not a second root.
- for vs bare vs an at-clause. for is the Charge P of the string the ATT and MERIT pages already print. Index 2 prints the citation legge skylden på with no Charge preposition, so the bare shape is not ranked against for. An at-clause is not on the Index 2 line and not in the printed contrast. It is not ranked, and no example of it is filed. A reason adjunct is not Charge.
- om and van. Not filed. They are not on Index 2 and not in the printed Norwegian contrast. Dutch van and a German-style om are not copied.
- No accusative person. Checked against Index 2 and against German beschuldigen. This lemma does not put Target in the accusative. A verb that did is not Index 2 Norwegian Attitude and is not deepened.
- No Dutch IO. Checked against blame-nl.html and against the live Norwegian note that the dative is mostly gone. legge noen skylden is not the Index 2 cloth and is not filed.
- No case morphology on the full NP. entreprenøren does not show accusative against dative. ham sits in the på-phrase. The cut is that preposition, not German ihn / ihm.
- No GEN-neg. ikke does not rewrite the noun and does not put the delay in the accusative slot. Polish GEN-neg on a FIN/deduct MeasureP is a different language’s host.
- No Focus host. Norwegian is not Hungarian. V2 and ikke after the finite verb are the ordinary shapes of the live Norwegian ATT and MERIT NegQ strings. Do not import Focus uniqueness.
- No stranded particle. på is not a separable prefix. Pied-piping på hvem is the Target question. Leaving på at the clause edge is not evidenced here and is not filed. There is no R-pronoun to resume Charge the way German wofür and Dutch waarvan do. på hvem is not a bet Platform.
- bli / få. bli promotes the accusative noun. få is out. That is the Voice cut already printed on attribute-att-no.html and credit-merit-no.html, applied to this accusative. It is not a new passive paradigm and not a causative wrap.
- tilskrive. Stays on attribute-att-no.html and credit-merit-no.html. Not the blame lemma. Beyond Index 2.
- Reflexive seg selv. Han la skylden for forsinkelsen på seg selv corefers Judge and Target. Not the passive ble lagt, and not elicited as a paradigm.
- No aspect pair. la and har lagt are the same root. Do not file a second lemma for the supine.
- Passive. ble lagt promotes the noun. Promoting the person is not this cloth.
- MERIT · BG/PL. Norwegian MERIT is live on tilskrive. No
credit-merit-bg.html and no credit-merit-pl.html. Do not invent those links.
- XFER / FIN. Pointer godskrive only. Not a Norwegian FIN micro-entry. Do not deepen FIN. Its på is Account, not Target.
- Following tick. Group D blame is closed (DE + NL + NO). Do not open another blame language from a missing Index 2 cell. Suggested next: creditFIN · German (gutschreiben), the ledger root the credit papers and the live German MERIT/ATT pages already keep apart from zuschreiben. Not written here. sell·Navajo stays deferred.
- Navajo. Deferred. Do not touch NV. Sell·Navajo stays deferred.
Corpus filenames
Primary extract for this micro-entry is Lexical_Entry_Blame_Argument_Structure (√ASCRIBE_FAULT; for/on clothes; light-noun onto-geometry; Voice filter; Groups A–D, including Norwegian legge skylden på). NegQ association maps from Negative_Questions_Blame. Light-noun contrast from Assign_Blame_Comparison. The Case split against ATT is the live page attribute-att-no.html (ACC Charge + til Target; contrast string Komiteen la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren; på / for refused on tilskrive; V2; no stranded particle; bli promotes the accusative; få out). The same contrast string is on credit-merit-no.html (same tilskrive letters; æren). Index 2 prints the citation and does not print a Charge preposition, so for stays the printed contrast and is not ranked exclusive, and an at-clause is not filed. om and van were checked against Index 2 and against those twins and are not filed. There is no Focus plate for Norwegian, and none is added. No DOCX extract of a Norwegian Charge paradigm is on this box beyond those filenames and the strings the live pages already print; unranked items stay unranked. Chat packaging: Tritransitive chats 13 (assign vs blame Case / NegQ) and 22 (blame in negative questions · no fourth theta). Index 2 Norwegian Attitude cites legge skylden på only. This page deepens that cloth only. Constructed NO frames diagnose packaging; they are not new elicitation.
- Lexical_Entry_Blame_Argument_Structure.docx primary · √ASCRIBE_FAULT · Voice filter · Groups A–D · legge skylden på
- Negative_Questions_Blame.docx NegQ association · object tracks cheap · Groups A–D
- Assign_Blame_Comparison.docx light-noun FAULT · assign blame vs blame
- Subject_Constraints_Nonvolitional_Attitude_Verbs.docx Judge vs Target · weather battery
- 13-assign-vs-blame-case-and-negq.md chat 13
- 22-blame-in-negative-questions-no-fourth-theta.md chat 22
- INDEX2_Verbs.txt Norwegian Attitude · legge skylden på only — Vol. 7 · tilskrive is not an Index 2 listing
Series placement: Norwegian sense×language twin of English blame, Spanish culpar, French blâmer, Italian incolpare, Japanese 責める, Mandarin 怪 / 责备, Polish obwiniać / winić, Bulgarian обвинявам / виня, Hungarian hibáztat / okol, German beschuldigen / verantwortlich machen, and Dutch de schuld geven. Feeds Attitude / Evaluation Index 2 beside live attributeATT · tilskrive and live creditMERIT · tilskrive. Closes Group D blame after Dutch and German. Keeps XFER at attributeXFER and FIN as a ledger pointer only. Does not invent a Bulgarian or Polish MERIT link or NV elicitation. Speculation flagged.
Index 2 citations for this class
Attitude / Evaluation citations from Index 2
| Code | Language | Index 2 citation | As printed |
| EN | English | blame EN micro-entry, creditMERIT EN micro-entry, attributeATT EN micro-entry | Vols. 1, 3 |
| ES | Spanish | culpar ES micro-entry, creditMERIT · acreditar ES micro-entry, attributeATT · atribuir ES micro-entry | Vols. 3, 5 |
| FR | French | blâmer FR micro-entry, creditMERIT · attribuer FR micro-entry, attributeATT · attribuer FR micro-entry | Vols. 3, 5 |
| IT | Italian | incolpare IT micro-entry, creditMERIT · attribuire IT micro-entry, attributeATT · attribuire IT micro-entry | Vols. 3, 5 |
| HU | Hungarian | hibáztat, okol, tulajdonít, elismer, jóváír · blame · hibáztat / okol HU micro-entry · attributeATT · tulajdonít HU micro-entry · creditMERIT · elismer HU micro-entry | Vols. 3, 6 |
| BG | Bulgarian | обвинявам / виня, приписвам / отдавам · blame · обвинявам / виня BG micro-entry · attributeATT · приписвам BG micro-entry | Vols. 3, 6 |
| PL | Polish | obwiniać / winić, przypisywać · blame · obwiniać / winić PL micro-entry · attributeATT · przypisywać PL micro-entry | Vols. 3, 6 |
| DE | German | beschuldigen, verantwortlich machen, zuschreiben · blame · beschuldigen / verantwortlich machen DE micro-entry · creditMERIT · zuschreiben DE micro-entry · attributeATT · zuschreiben DE micro-entry | Vol. 7 |
| NL | Dutch | de schuld geven, toeschrijven · blame · de schuld geven NL micro-entry · creditMERIT · toeschrijven NL micro-entry · attributeATT · toeschrijven NL micro-entry | Vol. 7 |
| NO | Norwegian | legge skylden på · blame · legge skylden på NO micro-entry · Beyond Index 2: creditMERIT · tilskrive NO micro-entry · attributeATT · tilskrive NO micro-entry | Vol. 7 |
Languages Index 2 does not list for this class are left off the table. Mandarin and Japanese blame sit Beyond Index 2 at blame-zh.html and blame-ja.html. Norwegian tilskrive is also Beyond Index 2: Index 2 prints only legge skylden på for this cell.