Working paper.
Spanish micro-entry opening the Group B Romance MERIT trio (ES → FR → IT). Geometry from Lexical_Entry_Credit_Argument_Structure and NegQ association maps from Negative_Questions_Credit (Romance morphology split attribuer/atribuir ascribe vs créditer/acreditar-ledger; en resumes FIN quantity, not MERIT Charge). Constructed diagnostics diagnose Case clothes (a / de / con), light-noun mérito, Voice filter, and the MERIT / FIN root split; they are not spontaneous-speech citations. English, Japanese, French, and Italian twins already live.
Constructed examples.
Frames below are packaging hypotheses aligned with the lexical entry, chat 23 / 25 Romance split notes, and the Spanish blame twin (culpar a … de). Cause-true and settlement are not entailed — same missing defaults as English creditMERIT, attributeATT, and blame. Do not fake elicitation. FIN strings appear only as contrast pointers.
Sense-class · FIN/MERIT split.
Index 2 lists Spanish Attitude as
culpar, atribuir (Vols. 3, 5). This page deepens the
merit / ascribe-positive reading as √ASCRIBE (+). Surface
acreditar also hosts a ledger reading (√CREDIT_LEDGER live at
creditFIN · Spanish; EN twin
creditFIN / companion
abonar) — Romance usually splits morphology more cleanly than English (
attribuer vs
créditer); Spanish keeps more overlap on
acreditar. Keep the roots apart: MERIT has no MeasureP and no Account.
Scout / deferred.
French MERIT is live at
credit-merit-fr.html. Italian MERIT is live at
credit-merit-it.html (
attribuire /
riconoscere il merito). Relative productivity of single-verb
acreditar vs light-noun
reconocer / atribuir el mérito is scout-leaning where the extract lists forms without ranking them. No fake elicitation.
Hierarchy
Same inventory as English creditMERIT and Japanese 功績を認める. Not five-place. Not four sisters of one V. Surface count can name the investors, the early completion, and the contractor — but the lexicon does not list four co-arguments of √ASCRIBE / √ACREDIT-.
Intended labeling (shared with English)
√ASCRIBE (positive / meritorious) + VoiceJ(Judge) + Charge + Target · hierarchy Cognizer / Judge > Charge / Content > Target
Voice introduces Judge (proto-Agent of the attitude). The ascription relates Target to Charge under positive / meritorious HOLD. Spanish spells productive clothes as Charge ACC + a-Target (atribuir / acreditar Charge a Target), Target a-marked + de/con-Charge (acreditar a Target de/con Charge), and light-noun on-geometry (reconocer / atribuir el mérito a Target). Optional high Affectee / outer CAUSEG (hacer acreditar / hacer reconocer) wrap Voice; they are not listed inner arguments.
No MeasureP on MERIT. There is no verbal Amount+Denomination object unless Charge itself has been recoded as a share of credit (English lexical entry §5.4 hybrid — flag, do not deepen). Degrees that sneak in (cuánto mérito, partitives on Charge) live on the Abney spine of a light noun or of Charge — Left Branch Condition for sell / pay / chargeFEE / creditFIN does not apply as a verbal diagnostic here.
What Group B changes is Case, clitics, and light-noun packaging. What it does not change is the inventory. Weather still satisfies Target and fails Judge. Cause-true is still not entailed. Target and Charge still do not invert at Transfer cost. Treating creditMERIT as Agent > Theme > Goal, or collapsing it with creditFIN because Spanish can spell both with acreditar, predicts a DOC, a HAVE entailment, a MeasureP LBC host, or a grammatical weather-as-Judge — none of those exist on MERIT.
Spanish frames · Case clothes
Romance packages merit-ascribe without a productive DOC. Charge can be ACC with Target in a; Target can be a-marked with Charge inside de or con; light-noun el mérito parks Target in a-PP. Clitics and se demotion are height diagnostics — as in the Transfer / blame Romance supplements — but the class contrast remains: Transfer Themes invert under Neg; MERIT Target and Charge do not. FIN uses overlapping letters on acreditar / abonar for MeasureP / Account — different root; pointer only below.
- ✓ Los inversores atribuyeron la finalización temprana al contratista. to-style · ACC Charge · a-Target · bare atribuir
- ✓ Los inversores acreditaron la finalización temprana al contratista. to-style · acreditar merit reading
- ✓ Los inversores acreditaron al contratista de / con la finalización temprana. with-style · a-Target · de/con-Charge
- ✓ Los inversores reconocieron el mérito al contratista. light noun · mérito · a-Target
- ✓ Atribuyeron el mérito al contratista. light-noun companion · Index 2 atribuir
- ✓ ¿No acreditaron la finalización temprana al contratista? polar NegQ · to-style
- ✓ ¿No le reconocieron el mérito al contratista? polar NegQ · light noun · le = Target
- ✓ Le acreditaron el éxito. le = Target; Charge ACC
- ✓ Acreditaron el éxito al clima. weather = Target OK
- ✓ ¿No hicieron acreditar el éxito al comité? faire wrap · outer CAUSEG
- ✓ FIN pointer only: El consejo acreditó 0,3 ETH a cada billetera. FIN · do not deepen
- * ¿No acreditó el clima el éxito al contratista? weather as Judge
- * ¿No acreditaron al contratista la finalización temprana? no productive DOC (bare double object)
- * ¿No acreditaron la finalización temprana en el contratista? no blame on-cloth / en-Target as Charge host
NegQ baseline · association tracks ACC / Case object
✓ ¿No atribuyeron la finalización temprana al contratista? to-style · cheap = Charge
✓ ¿No acreditaron al contratista de la finalización temprana? with-style · cheap = Target
✓ ¿No le reconocieron el mérito? light noun · le Target
✓ ¿No se acreditó el éxito al contratista? se demotion · impersonal / Voice
✓ FIN contrast (pointer): ¿No acreditó el consejo 0,3 ETH a cada billetera?
* ¿No acreditó el clima a nadie el éxito? weather as Judge under Neg
* ¿No acreditaron al contratista la finalización temprana? no Neg-rescued DOC
# ¿No acreditaron la finalización temprana al contratista? — meaning the contractor didn’t cause it. cause-true not a default
A bare No on the canonical NegQ most readily challenges the ascription event or the ACC object of the chosen cloth. Challenging the oblique wants that content already under discussion. Negation does not grow a double-object and does not create a MeasureP on MERIT. HOLD is not cause-true — parallel to FIN’s missing payout default (HAS_ON_BOOKS ≠ spendable) and to Spanish blame’s missing cause-true default.
WH / NegQ diagnostics · no MeasureP LBC
Unlike sell / payGIVE / chargeFEE / bet / creditFIN, creditMERIT has no verbal MeasureP. There is therefore no Left-Branch Condition of the Amount-from-Denomination type on √ASCRIBE. Degrees that appear are DP-internal on Charge or on the light noun mérito / crédito.
- ✓ ¿Quién no acreditó la finalización temprana al contratista? WH = Judge
- ✓ ¿Qué no acreditaron al contratista? WH = Charge · to-style
- ✓ ¿A quién no acreditaron de / con la finalización temprana? WH = Target · with-style
- ✓ ¿De qué no acreditaron al contratista? WH = Charge · de-cloth
- ✓ ¿Cuánto mérito no le reconocieron al contratista? degree on light noun · Abney-side, not verbal MeasureP
- * ¿Cuánto no acreditaron de finalización al contratista? no verbal MeasureP LBC host on MERIT
- ✓ Acreditaron el éxito al clima. weather = Target · fine
- * ¿No hicieron acreditar el éxito al clima al contratista? weather still not inner Judge under faire
Superiority ranks Judge > ACC > K-DP. Flip a-Target / de·con-Charge and Charge and Target change which participant is the Case object — Case prominence, not a fixed thematic ranking that would force English blame’s Cognizer > Target > Content default onto every Spanish cloth. Cheap NegQ association tracks the Case object. There is no ranking of Charge against a silent Purpose, Price, or Theme₂.
a-Target ≠ FIN Account · de/con-Charge ≠ MeasureP
a Target = ascribee — not FIN wallet / Account, not bet Platform, not sell Recipient HAVE. de/con Charge = content of the attitude — not ledger Amount, not sell Price, not pay Consideration, not swap Theme₂, and not Spanish blame’s FAULT polarity inside the same de letter. Chat 23: Romance en resumes FIN quantity, not MERIT Charge. MERIT and FIN may share Spanish acreditar letters and still split the roots.
Geometry · creditMERIT ≠ creditFIN ≠ culpar ≠ atribuirATT ≠ Transfer
In Los inversores acreditaron / atribuyeron la finalización temprana al contratista, the investors hold that the contractor is responsible for the early completion under meritorious evaluation. That is ascription, not HAVE of goods and not ledger INCREMENT. The contractor is Target. The early completion is Charge. HOLD is an attitude; MERITORIOUS(Target, Charge) is content, not a presupposed fact.
- ≠ creditFIN. Same surface family of “acreditar” talk when the ledger reading is chosen; different root. FIN writes MeasureP TO a Domain / Account (El consejo acreditó 0,3 ETH a cada billetera / companion abonar). MERIT has no MeasureP and no Account. Collapsing them because both can sit next to Spanish acreditar is the error the lexical entry was written to block. FIN Spanish live at credit-fin-es.html; EN twin credit-fin.html.
- ≠ English DOC / Transfer invert. There is no productive bare DOC *acreditaron al contratista la finalización temprana as a licensed Case pair of the English *credited the contractor the early completion type. Negation does not rescue it. Transfer Themes invert under Romance swap NegQ; MERIT Target and Charge do not.
- ≠ attributeATT polarity merge. Shared family (ascribe content to Target) and shared Voice filter; creditMERIT writes positive / meritorious polarity. Bare Spanish atribuir Charge a Target is the Index 2 Attitude companion and the closest Romance attributeATT cloth — keep the split: MERIT light-noun el mérito and with-style de/con advertise the praise-adjacent packaging English credit’s to/with flip advertises.
- ≠ blame / √ASCRIBE_FAULT (culpar). Opposite polarity. Blame ascribes fault (culpar a … de); credit ascribes merit. Shared de-Charge letter and shared Voice filter; polarity of HOLD differs. Spanish blame lacks a productive English-style with-flip of Charge into con as the default MERIT companion cloth.
- ≠ sell / ApplHAVE / chargeFEE. No ApplHAVE, no por-Price MeasureP, no ApplFROM Payer. Surface por on MERIT, when it appears, is Reason / cause coercion — not Price and not FEE Consideration.
- Missing defaults. Cause-true and settlement are not entailed. ¿No acreditaron la finalización temprana al contratista? is compatible with the contractor not in fact causing the early completion. Ironic polarity (le acreditaron el robo) is lexical HOLD content, not a fourth argument.
English twin spells to-frame Charge ACC / Target to and with-frame Target ACC / Charge with. Japanese twin spells Charge o + Target ni. Spanish twin: to-style Charge ACC / Target a; with-style Target a / Charge de·con; light-noun mérito + a-Target. Weather OK as Target, *not* as Judge.
Shells, ApplP, and Case
Base tree (ascribe-merit · Spanish clothes)
to-style (atribuir / acreditar Charge a Target):
VoiceP [ JudgeNOM
vP / √ASCRIBE
ACC Charge
PP_a Target ]
with-style (acreditar a Target de/con Charge):
VoiceP [ JudgeNOM
vP / √ASCRIBE
ACC / a-marked Target
PP_de / PP_con Charge ]
Light-noun:
VoiceP [ JudgeNOM
vP / √RECONOCER·ATRIBUIR
ACC el méritoN (Charge-type / MERIT)
PP_a Target ]
Spanish MERIT never assigns four structural Cases. Charge or Target is ACC / a-marked; the other wears P (or lives inside the light noun). No low ApplHAVE. No low ApplSWAP. No ApplTASK. No MeasureP (unless share-of-credit hybrid — flag). High Appl / Affectee is extra when present and is not a listed argument of √ASCRIBE.
Composition is V(DP) on the ACC object. A, de, and con are wrapper-K on the Abney spine (same cut as attribute’s to / Spanish blame’s de, §6.4): V(DP), not V(a(DP)). Early completion does not travel a path; the contractor is not an instrument of con.
Clitic height: le resumes Target under light-noun and under many to-style strings; lo/la can resume Charge or the light noun. Inanimate Target clitics are fine. Inanimate subject as Judge is not generated — that is the Voice filter, not a Case accident.
Outer CAUSEG (hacer acreditar / hacer reconocer) wraps Voice. The causee, not the weather, is the Judge. *¿No hicieron acreditar el clima el éxito al contratista? keeps the inner Voice filter. Type A climbing unions Voice domains; Charge stays content and never climbs as a dative MeasureP.
Omission does not demote Charge to a pure adjunct. Selected P-layers are optional in the numeration; they are still arguments when present. The diagnostic is participanthood under Case, binding, and WH — not omitability. Charge clauses are islands in a way rationale adjuncts are not; there is no Neg-raising out of Charge.
Type A · hacer wrap
✓ ¿No hicieron acreditar la finalización temprana al comité? outer Neg denies causing
* ¿No hicieron acreditar el clima el éxito al contratista? weather still not inner Judge
Underivables (Spanish MERIT)
- * ¿No acreditó el clima el éxito al contratista? weather / inanimate as Judge
- * ¿No hicieron acreditar el clima el éxito al contratista? faire wrap does not wash Voice filter
- * ¿No acreditaron al contratista la finalización temprana? no productive DOC
- * ¿Cuánto no acreditaron de finalización al contratista? no verbal MeasureP LBC host on MERIT
- * ¿No acreditaron al contratista con 0,3 ETH como mérito? FIN MeasureP ≠ MERIT Charge (unless share hybrid — flag)
- * ¿No acreditaron la finalización temprana en el contratista? no blame on-cloth / en as Charge host
- * ¿No intercambiaron al contratista por la finalización temprana? SWAP cloth ≠ ascribe-merit
- ✓ weather as Target: Acreditaron el éxito al clima. inanimate Target fine
Group B packaging · Spanish opens Romance MERIT
Group B (Spanish, French, Italian) is the Romance Case-cloth contrast set already used for NegQ on blame / sell / bet / chargeFEE. Same hierarchy as English creditMERIT; different host of Charge (de / con / light-noun mérito) and Target (a-PP). Clitics resume Target; se demotion targets Voice. This tick is Spanish only and opens the Group B Romance MERIT set. English, Japanese, and French twins are live at credit-merit.html, credit-merit-ja.html, and credit-merit-fr.html. Italian merit micro-entry is live at credit-merit-it.html. Group C (HU Focus, PL GEN-neg) and Group D (DE zuschreiben vs gutschreiben) stay predicted or scout — not elicited here.
Open items
- French twin. Live at credit-merit-fr.html (attribuer / reconnaître le mérite; cleaner FIN/MERIT split).
- Italian twin. Live at credit-merit-it.html (attribuire / riconoscere il merito; cleaner FIN/MERIT split vs accreditare).
- Single-verb acreditar vs light-noun productivity. Relative frequency of acreditar merit vs reconocer / atribuir el mérito is scout-leaning — flagged, not ranked.
- de vs con Charge cloth. Both appear as with-style companions in packaging hypotheses; controlled elicitation for speaker-variable preference remains open.
- Share-of-credit MeasureP hybrid. Lexical entry §5.4: Charge recoded as quantified share. Diagnostics: replaceable by atribuir/reconocer, not by abonar/transferir; weather can wear the Target slot; the board can be wrong. Flagged, not deepened as verbal MeasureP on plain MERIT.
- Ironic polarity. le acreditaron el robo — HOLD polarity inside the attitude, not a fourth argument.
- Bare atribuir without light noun. Index 2 pairs culpar, atribuir. Bare atribuir Charge a Target overlaps attributeATT / assignASCRIBE. Keep split; do not collapse on this page.
- FIN Spanish micro-entry. Ledger acreditar / abonar remains a later tick. Keep the split; do not merge pages.
Corpus filenames
Primary extract for this micro-entry is Lexical_Entry_Credit_Argument_Structure (√ASCRIBE vs √CREDIT_LEDGER; Romance morphology split). NegQ association maps from Negative_Questions_Credit (Romance en resumes FIN quantity, not MERIT Charge). Chat packaging: Tritransitive chats 23 (NegQ on credit · two-root · Groups A–D), 25 (credit attitude vs transfer · Romance attribuer vs créditer), and 35 (credit argument-structure acceptability). Spanish blame twin geometry shared with blame-es.html (Group B §9). Constructed ES frames diagnose packaging; they are not new elicitation.
- Lexical_Entry_Credit_Argument_Structure.docx primary · √ASCRIBE · to/with clothes · Voice filter · MERIT ≠ FIN · Romance split
- Negative_Questions_Credit.docx NegQ association · ACC tracks cheap · Groups A–D · Romance en
- Subject_Constraints_Nonvolitional_Attitude_Verbs.docx Judge vs Target · weather battery
- 23-negative-questions-on-credit-two-root-analysis.md chat 23 · Romance / Groups A–D
- 25-credit-attitude-vs-transfer-verb.md chat 25 · attribuer vs créditer
- 35-credit-argument-structure-acceptability.md chat 35
- Negative_Questions_Blame.docx Group B Spanish blame twin · a/de cloth
- INDEX2_Verbs.txt Spanish Attitude · culpar, atribuir — Vols. 3, 5
Series placement: Spanish sense×language twin of English creditMERIT and Japanese 功績を認める. Opens Group B Romance MERIT (ES → FR → IT live). Feeds Attitude / Evaluation Index 2 beside culpar. Keeps FIN at creditFIN. Does not invent FR/IT/ZH/NV merit elicitation. Speculation flagged.
Index 2 citations for this class
Attitude / Evaluation citations from Index 2
| Code | Language | Index 2 citation | As printed |
| EN | English | blame EN micro-entry, creditMERIT EN micro-entry, attribute | Vols. 1, 3 |
| ES | Spanish | culpar ES micro-entry, creditMERIT · acreditar ES micro-entry, atribuir | Vols. 3, 5 |
| FR | French | blâmer FR micro-entry, creditMERIT · attribuer FR micro-entry, attribuer | Vols. 3, 5 |
| IT | Italian | incolpare IT micro-entry, creditMERIT · attribuire IT micro-entry, attribuire | Vols. 3, 5 |
| HU | Hungarian | hibáztat, okol, tulajdonít, elismer, jóváír | Vols. 3, 6 |
| BG | Bulgarian | обвинявам / виня, приписвам / отдавам | Vols. 3, 6 |
| PL | Polish | obwiniać / winić, przypisywać | Vols. 3, 6 |
| DE | German | beschuldigen, verantwortlich machen, zuschreiben | Vol. 7 |
| NL | Dutch | de schuld geven, toeschrijven | Vol. 7 |
| NO | Norwegian | legge skylden på | Vol. 7 |
Languages Index 2 does not list for this class are left off the table. Japanese MERIT sits Beyond Index 2 (no Attitude JA cell) at credit-merit-ja.html.