pay_GIVE · Spanish (pagar)

Hierarchy

Same inventory as English pay_GIVE. Not four-place. Surface count can name Pat, Chris, twenty dollars, and a lawnmower, but the lexicon does not list four co-arguments of √PAY_GIVE / √PAG-.

$20 = veinte dólares = one MeasureP. Orthography is not extra arity. There is no sixth argument “currency symbol.” Twenty is not dollars. Dollars is not a sister of pagar.

What Group B changes is Case and clitics. What it does not change is the inventory. On vender, Recipient HAS goods and Price is por-MeasureP. On pay_GIVE, Recipient HAS Amount and por holds the leftover DP (the goods or service the money was against). Payment-true is e2. Goods-HAVE is the missing default, as sell · Spanish already says of pagar.

Spanish frames · Case clothes

No English DOC / to-frame ACC flip. Amount stays ACC. Recipient stays DAT. The grounded cloth is the string already on the FEE page, Le pagaron veinte dólares a Pat, and the WH already on the sell page, ¿Cuántos dólares no le pagó?. Sell’s page also says the clitic gives the heads away: lo tracks the mower on vender; lo / los veinte track the money on pagar. That is a site fact about which clitic resumes which object. It is not a new sentence elicited here. Doubling of le with a-Recipient is the pattern those two pages print. A se lo cluster for pagar is not printed; it stays open.

1. ✓ Le pagaron veinte dólares a Pat. printed on charge-fee-es · DAT Recipient · ACC MeasureP · money TO
2. ✓ ¿Cuántos dólares no le pagó? printed on sell-es · ACC money WH
3. ✓ Pat le pagó veinte dólares a Chris. constructed · same DAT+ACC cloth · mirror of Pat paid Chris twenty dollars
4. ✓ Pat le pagó veinte dólares a Chris por el cortacésped. constructed · por+DP = Consideration, not Price QP
5. ✓ Pat pagó veinte dólares por el cortacésped. constructed · Recipient omitted; por-DP stays Consideration
6. ✓ Pat pagó veinte dólares. constructed · Recipient and Consideration independently omissible
7. * Pat le pagó el cortacésped veinte dólares a Chris. constructed · no DOC of goods + MeasureP
8. * Pat pagó la factura veinte dólares. constructed · no DOC of document + money · BILL ≠ GIVE

MeasureP WH diagnostics

WH forces Amount ≠ Denomination inside one ACC object of pagar. Verbal WH sees the MeasureP, not unit and degree as two objects. The printed pagar question is ¿Cuántos dólares no le pagó?. The printed vender question of a Price is ¿Por cuántos dólares no le vendió?. Same dólares; the host differs. LBC is the constraint already starred on cobrar as ¿Qué veinte le cobraron? and on vender as ¿Por qué veinte no le vendió…?. The pagar-side LBC string below is that constraint in ACC clothes. It is constructed. It is not a new elicitation.

1. ✓ ¿Cuántos dólares no le pagó? printed · ACC MeasureP
2. ✓ ¿Cuánto no le pagó? constructed · degree; unit bound · FEE shape ¿Cuánto le cobraron?
3. ✓ ¿Veinte de qué no le pagó? constructed · de rescue · same rescue shape as sell and FEE
4. ✓ ¿En qué moneda no le pagó veinte? constructed · en denomination rescue
5. ✓ ¿Por qué no le pagó veinte dólares a Chris? constructed · Reason · por qué ≠ Amount · letter already noted on sell
6. * ¿Qué veinte no le pagó? constructed · LBC / sortal mismatch · same star shape as FEE
7. * ¿Para cuántos dólares no le pagó? constructed · para ≠ Amount host · sell already rejects para as Price

The printed Price WH ¿Por cuántos dólares no le vendió? is not refiled as a pagar frame. A por+QP on pagar would be sell’s Price cloth or a coercion. It is not starred here from a missing quotation, and it is not the MeasureP host. Rescues that keep Amount and unit inside one object are cuántos dólares, veinte de qué, and en qué moneda. The rescue does not make dólares a sister of pagó.

Geometry · pay_GIVE ≠ vender ≠ pay_BILL ≠ charge_FEE ≠ credit_FIN

In Le pagaron veinte dólares a Pat, Pat comes to HAVE the twenty. That is give-geometry. DAT Recipient is the spell-out of low Appl_HAVE. The Incremental Theme is a MeasureP of funds, not goods.

• ≠ vender / sell. Cloth mismatch already printed: ¿Cuántos dólares no le pagó? questions ACC money; ¿Por cuántos dólares no le vendió? questions a Price PP. Shared por on the leftover DP is packaging. lo tracks the mower on vender; lo / los veinte track the money on pagar. Goods-HAVE is e2 of vender and the missing default of pagar.
• ≠ cobrar / charge_FEE. Same letter le / a, opposite Appl. Le pagaron veinte dólares a Pat is money TO (Recipient HAS Amount). La tienda le cobró veinte dólares a Pat is money FROM (debit / OWE). A follow-up that Pat never paid does not deny FEE. Clitic cheapness under Neg tracks ACC money on both. The Appl head still differs.
• ≠ pay_BILL. Invoice/obligation as ACC; MeasureP as instrument. English rejects a DOC of twenty dollars and the invoice. Spanish pagar una factura with con-MeasureP is still the speculation on the BILL page. This page does not promote it, and it does not write document + money as two objects of GIVE. e2 of BILL is invoice-clearance, not Recipient HAS Amount.
• ≠ credit_FIN · acreditar / abonar. Ledger increment. e2 is HAS_ON_BOOKS, not payout and not Recipient HAS the cash. acreditar on the merit page is a different root again.
• ≠ deduct · descontar / deducir. MeasureP leaves a Domain (de / desde). e2 is the decrement. Not HAVE of the Amount.
• ≠ intercambiar / swap. Swap inverts two Themes. pagar does not invert money and goods. Index 2 Transfer cites intercambiar, cambiar, dar, not pagar.
• Payment-true is e2. A follow-up that Chris never ended up with the twenty denies e2 of pay_GIVE. Goods-HAVE is sell. Invoice-clearance is BILL. Debit/OWE is FEE. HAS_ON_BOOKS is FIN.

Ordinary coercion toward trade (Amount as Theme₁, lawnmower as Theme₂) is available and is not the listed grid. transferir and girar are not filled in as that coercion.

Shells, ApplP, and Case

VoiceP  [ Pat
  vP / initP
    ApplP_LOW  [ ChrisDAT   [ Appl_HAVE
      VP  [ √PAG-   [ MeasureP  [ Amount veinte ] [ N dólares ]ACC ] ] ] ]
    PP_por  [ por  [ Consideration  el cortacésped ] ] ]

Spanish pagar does not assign four structural Cases. Amount is ACC. Recipient is DAT. Consideration is inside por. The English DOC applied-object slot — Recipient as a second ACC — has no twin. That is why cheapness under Neg tracks the money, and why a string with goods and the MeasureP as two bare objects is the four-place accident. Sell’s page already records the same ceiling for vender: no ¿No fue vendido Chris un cortacésped? twin. The pagar passive of the Recipient as a bare nominative applied object is the same missing twin, constructed, not a new judgment:

Amount is Incremental Theme of pay on the give-reading. The lawnmower is Consideration, not Theme. Homomorphism is on ⟨n, U⟩. Passive, where it is hypothesized, promotes the MeasureP as a whole, never twenty alone without its unit.

Voice filter: weather fails Payer. Institutional payers (escrow, payroll, the city) pass on the English page. The Spanish weather star below is that filter in Spanish clothes, constructed, matching the weather star already on sell-es and credit-fin-es. Weaker than Voice on blame — systems can pay; they cannot blame.

Omission does not demote the MeasureP or Consideration to pure adjuncts when present. The diagnostic is participanthood under Case, binding, and WH — not omitability. Outer hacer is Type A on the sell and FEE pages (causee DAT distinct from the inner applied DAT). A checked two-dative string for pagar is not printed. It stays open, with sell’s note that three datives need controlled elicitation.

Underivables (Spanish)

1. * Pat le pagó el cortacésped veinte dólares a Chris. constructed · goods + MeasureP ≠ two objects
2. * Pat pagó la factura veinte dólares. constructed · document + money ≠ GIVE DOC · BILL stays spec
3. * ¿Qué veinte no le pagó? constructed · LBC · Amount ≠ stranded unit
4. * ¿Para cuántos dólares no le pagó? constructed · para ≠ Amount host
5. * ¿No fue pagado Chris veinte dólares? constructed · no DOC-passive of Recipient
6. * El mal tiempo le pagó veinte dólares a Chris. constructed · weather fails Payer
7. * Lo que hizo el mal tiempo fue pagarle veinte dólares a Chris. constructed · do-test · same filter credit-fin-es uses

N/A · not Spanish pay_GIVE diagnostics

Sibling pages omit diagnostics the language does not have. Spanish pagar is DAT Recipient + ACC MeasureP + ranked por-Consideration. It is not a copy of Japanese particles, Hungarian Focus, genitive of negation, or a Germanic separable prefix.

• Japanese Double-o as a Spanish morphological fact. N/A. The ceiling on this page is two bare objects (goods or a bill beside the MeasureP), the Romance version of English *paid Chris the lawnmower twenty dollars. Particle Double-o stays on pay-give-ja.html.
• An English to-frame as a second Spanish frame. N/A. Recipient stays DAT (le / a). There is no ACC/PP flip of the Recipient to file. The English alternation stays on pay-give.html.
• Hungarian Focus + nem, or a separable verb particle. N/A. Spanish negation does not strand a prefix. Those cuts stay on the Hungarian and Germanic pages.
• Genitive of negation rewriting the MeasureP. N/A. Spanish does not rewrite veinte dólares under no. The Polish rewrite stays on the Polish measuring pages.
• Mandarin 把 / 给 / 为 as this cloth. N/A. Those coverbs are the live Mandarin twin. This page does not import them.
• Navajo money-HANDLE as a Spanish stem. N/A. No stem is invented. Sell · Navajo stays deferred.
• se lo clustering as a filed pagar fact. N/A as corpus. Se lo cobraron is printed for FEE. ¿No se lo vendió? is printed for sell. Neither string is a pagar quotation. Do not check or star a se lo pagó cluster from those neighbours. See open items.
• A filled geometry for transferir or girar. N/A. They are Index 2 companions in the same Payment cell. No Case frame is printed for them on this site.

NegQ pointer · association sites

Negative questions on pay_GIVE keep the payment map. They do not invent a fifth theta name, a Price, or an invoice. no associates downward. The cheap inner associate is the ACC money — the opposite of vender, where a bare No challenges the event or the goods and the twenty wants the Price already under discussion. That flip is printed on sell-es. Reason (por qué) stays outer. Goods-HAVE, invoice-clearance, debit/OWE, and HAS_ON_BOOKS are missing as default Neg targets of this root.

Group B packaging · this tick Spanish only

Group B (Spanish, French, Italian) is the Romance Case-cloth set. Same √PAY_GIVE hierarchy as English, Japanese, and Mandarin; DAT / a-Recipient instead of an English DOC applied object, a Japanese ni, or Mandarin 给. This tick is Spanish pagar only. English is live at pay-give.html. Japanese harau is live at pay-give-ja.html. Mandarin 付 is live at pay-give-zh.html. French payer is live at pay-give-fr.html (Index 2 payer, virer, transférer; Done=100). Italian pagare, bonificare, trasferire is the remaining Romance citation, or the sprint pauses. Navajo money-HANDLE remains open/scout. Do not fake elicitation.

Open items

• French payer. Live at pay-give-fr.html (Done=100). Index 2 French Payment is payer, virer, transférer. Another language of pay_GIVE. VERB_COUNT stays 10. Italian pagare is the remaining Romance citation, or the sprint pauses.
• transferir / girar. Named. No filled frame, no second root, no invented stem. spec
• se lo / clitic doubling beyond printed le + a. le with a-Recipient is grounded. lo / los veinte as the money clitic is the sell-page claim. The le→se cluster is printed for cobrar and vender, not for pagar. Scout. A bare a-PP without le is likewise unranked.
• para + INF Purpose, and para + DP as Consideration. por + DP is the ranked Consideration, guided by FEE por la comida and by sell’s leftover por. para as Price is already rejected on sell. A Purpose stack and a para-DP rival are not checked as good or bad. spec
• Spanish pay_BILL. pagar una factura with MeasureP as con stays the speculation on pay-bill.html. Not merged into this page.
• Outer hacer. Causee vs Recipient as two datives is the sell/FEE note. No checked pagar string. Consideration does not become Causee Case.
• Navajo sell, and unwritten merit pages. sell · Navajo stays deferred. No credit-merit-bg.html. No credit-merit-pl.html.

Corpus filenames

Primary geometry is the English pay lexical entry. Spanish clothes are the pagar strings already printed on the sell and FEE micro-entries, plus the Group B pay/sell cloth-mismatch DOCX those pages cite. Constructed Pat/Chris frames diagnose packaging. They are not new elicitation. Index 2 Payment remains pagar, transferir, girar.