pay_BILL · 請求書を払う (seikyūsho-o harau)

Hierarchy

Not a fourth argument of pay_GIVE · harau. Surface count can name Pat, the invoice, and twenty dollars — but the lexicon does not list bill and money as co-arguments of one Double-o. Writing those as sisters predicts *Seikyūsho-o nijū-doru-o harawanakatta and a silent-twenty Theme. Neither holds.

〚√PAY_BILL〛 = λB λe . DISCHARGE(e) ∧ Obligation(e)=B. MeasureP optional as INSTRUMENT(e, ⟨n,U⟩), not as ACC. Result e2: the obligation is discharged. Payment-true of a HAVE-Recipient Amount is e2 of pay_GIVE, not this root.

Working hierarchy: Payer > Obligation (> optional MeasureP-as-instrument, Platform, Source). Obligation outranks instrument MeasureP for Case and passives. There is no Appl_HAVE and no productive Double-o DOC.

Japanese frames · Case clothes

One object: the document / obligation under o. Money stays a de-PP when expressed. There is no productive Double-o of bill + money. The invoice is the cheap associate under Neg; a silent twenty does not promote as DOC Theme.

1. ✓ Pat-ga seikyūsho-o harat-ta. canonical · document ACC
2. ✓ Seikyūsho-o harawanakatta no ka. canonical NegQ · Group A (29)
3. ✓ Pat-wa nijū-doru-de seikyūsho-o haratta. MeasureP as instrument de
4. ✓ Seikyūsho-o nijū-doru-de harawanakatta no ka. Group A (52) · instrument under Neg
5. ✓ Yachin-o / bakkin-o haratta. obligation-kind ACC · border
6. ✓ Seikyūsho-wa harawareta. passive promotes document
7. * Seikyūsho-o nijū-doru-o harawanakatta. no Double-o DOC · Group A (30)
8. * Nijū-doru-o seikyūsho-o haratta. money ≠ DOC Theme of bill
9. * Pat-ga Chris-ni seikyūsho-o nijū-doru-o haratta. four-place accident

MeasureP / WH diagnostics

On pay_BILL, verbal WH’s cheap object is the document under o. MeasureP is not ACC Theme; when present it is instrument de. WH that treats money as the Case object of this root is a speaker swap into pay_GIVE.

1. ✓ Nani-o harawanakatta no ka. the bill / the invoice
2. ✓ Dono seikyūsho-o haratta ka.
3. ✓ Ikura-no yachin-o harawanakatta no ka. border · QP with sortal N
4. ✓ Nani-de seikyūsho-o haratta ka. instrument
5. ✓ Dono-tsūka-de seikyūsho-o haratta ka. denomination wrapping
6. * Nani-o nijū-doru-o harawanakatta. no money+bill Double-o
7. * Seikyūsho-o nani-o haratta. LBC-shaped accident
8. ✓ Nan-doru-o Chris-ni haratta ka. pay_GIVE contrast · money ACC

Superiority ranks Payer > Obligation > (optional Instrument MeasureP / Platform). Amount and Denomination never compete as two verbal WH-items of pay_BILL. de recodes the unit or the whole QP as a PP, not as a second ACC.

Geometry · pay_BILL ≠ pay_GIVE ≠ uru ≠ seikyū

In Pat-wa nijū-doru-de seikyūsho-o haratta, the invoice is discharged. Twenty dollars is how, not who HAS the money as Theme. That is obligation-clearance — not give-geometry pay.

• ≠ pay_GIVE / harau. Shared morphology. Split: GIVE writes MeasureP as ACC Theme (o) and Recipient as ni; BILL writes the document as ACC (o) and MeasureP as instrument (de). DOC / Double-o: GIVE yes for money+Recipient cloth; BILL no for bill+money. e2: HAVE of Amount vs DISCHARGE of Obligation. Crossing the roots smuggles *Seikyūsho-o nijū-doru-o harawanakatta.
• ≠ uru / sell. Sell: Recipient HAS goods; Price stays inside de. BILL: document is ACC; money is instrument de. Shared de is packaging — under sell it is Price INSTR; under BILL it is how one clears a document. No SWAP inversion.
• ≠ seikyū / charge_FEE. Shared commercial cloth. Split: seikyū writes Pat as Source (money FROM); BILL promotes the invoice as ACC Obligation. Same letter family as seikyūsho (the bill noun) — do not merge the levy root with the document object of pay.
• ≠ deduct / credit_FIN. Deduct’s MeasureP is ACC decrement; Domain stays kara-PP. BILL’s MeasureP is instrument when present; the ACC is the obligation, not a ledger decrement.
• ≠ remit / wire as channel. Remit/wire sit on pay_GIVE’s cloth with Source/channel extra. Paying an invoice by wire still has the document as ACC of BILL when that is the selected object.
• Four fors / tame-ni stay off this ACC. GIVE’s Consideration PP names AGAINST. sell’s de = Price. deduct’s Reason and grant/earmark’s Purpose stay apart. BILL’s object is not a Purpose PP; seisan-suru tame-ni layers stay outer Type B.
• Invoice-clearance is e2. A follow-up that the twenty never left is compatible as an implicature about means; it denies e2 only of pay_GIVE. Mada seikyūsho-wa haratte-inai denies e2 of BILL.

Shells, ApplP, and Case

VoiceP  [ Pat
  VP  [ √HARAU / √PAY_BILL   [ DP  seikyūsho ]o ]
  (PP_de  [ de  [ MeasureP  [ Amount nijū ] [ #° doru ] ] ]) ]

No Appl_HAVE. No Appl_SWAP. No Appl_TASK. Japanese assigns ACC o to the Bill / Obligation only. MeasureP, when present, is a de-PP. Platform and Source are Loc / FROM extras. Four surface participants never need a Double-o of bill + money.

∃e [ DISCHARGE(e)
  ∧ PAYER(e, pat)
  ∧ Obligation(e)=seikyūsho
  ∧ INSTRUMENT(e, ⟨20, dollars⟩) ]

LFG / HPSG / CCG: two PREDs for the two pay roots. On BILL, MeasureP is not OBJ; OBJ is the document. OBJ2 only on the DOC frame of GIVE.

Underivables (Japanese)

1. * Seikyūsho-o nijū-doru-o harawanakatta. no Double-o of money + bill
2. * Pat-ga Chris-ni seikyūsho-o nijū-doru-o haratta. four-place accident
3. * Nijū-doru-o seikyūsho-o haratta. money ≠ DOC Theme of BILL
4. * Nijū-wa doru-de seikyūsho-o harawareta. Amount ≠ separate promote
5. * Nani-o nijū-doru-o harawanakatta. no money+bill WH sisters
6. * Tenki-ga seikyūsho-o haratta ka. Voice filter
7. * Buchō-wa Pat-o seikyūsho-o haraw-ase-nakatta. Double-o under CAUSE

NegQ pointer · association sites

Negative questions on pay_BILL read the obligation geometry; they do not invent a fourth theta name of pay_GIVE. Neg sits high and associates downward. Cheap inner associate = the document. MeasureP stays instrument de when present. No forced collapse of payment-true onto invoice-true.

Group A packaging · this tick Japanese BILL only

Group A (English, Japanese, Mandarin, Navajo) keeps the BILL vs GIVE Case split under Neg. This tick is Japanese pay_BILL only — seikyūsho-o harawanakatta (document ACC); *seikyūsho-o nijū-doru-o harawanakatta (no Double-o); instrument de on the twenty under document-o. English twin is live at pay-bill.html. Mandarin: 账单 / 账 as ACC or 把-object; 用二十块 as instrument — pointed, not deepened. Navajo: predicted obligation word plus money stem or a single discharge stem — not two Patients; remains open/scout. Label speculation; do not fake elicitation.

Open items

• Border nouns (yachin / gakuhi / bakkin). One MeasureP with sortal N, or documented coercion to pay_BILL. Speculative packaging, not a fifth slot.
• Mandarin 账单 / 把 / 用. 把 fronts the document; 用 wraps MeasureP. Predicted from Group A NegQ, not elicited this tick. spec
• Romance factura / facture / bolletta as ACC under pagar / payer / pagare, with MeasureP as con / avec / con. Companion of Group B packaging. spec
• Germanic betale regningen / die Rechnung bezahlen vs DOC-like GIVE frames. Same split under Neg. spec
• Outer CAUSE (〜させる). Site on the making vs on DISCHARGE; instrument never becomes Causee Case under √PAY_BILL’s Japanese cloth.
• Classifier-ride on document WH vs instrument de, elicited against Double-o. Scout beyond the attested Group A grid.

Corpus filenames

Primary extracts for this micro-entry; companions supply NegQ baselines and English twin geometry. DOCX originals under the Tritransitive lit tree (lit/grok-tritransitive/files/). Text extracts used this tick under /tmp/pay-extracts/.