Payer, sum or bill, payee · Hebrew marking · working claim, revisable
The payer is the subject. A spelled subject is a noun or a pronoun in front of the verb: תושבים, המעביד, הוא. Several printed lines show the payer only in the verb: שילמנו is first person plural, ישלמו is third person plural. Hebrew has no ergative on these clauses.
שִׁילֵּם · shilem · piʿel, root ש־ל־ם. Pealim’s table for לְשַׁלֵּם labels the binyan piʿel and the root שׁ - ל - ם, and glosses the verb “to pay.” The past third-person masculine is שִׁלֵּם ~ שילם shilem, “he / it paid.” The infinitive is לְשַׁלֵּם leshalem. Wiktionary’s headword is שילם / שִׁלֵּם shilém, piʿel, Modern Israeli /ʃiˈlem/, root שׁ־ל־ם, glossed “to pay.” Milog’s headword שִׁילֵּם is a verb, root של"מ, binyan piʿel. Sense 1 is נתן כסף עבור סחורה, שירות, חוב וכד', “gave money for goods, a service, a debt, and the like,” and העביר תשלום, “transferred a payment.” עבור there is the wording of the definition. Milog prints no clause. Sense 2, נענש, “was punished,” stays off the bill. Even-Shoshan was not opened. Morfix returned no entry text. No gloss from either dictionary is cited.
The direct object is the sum, the wage, or the thing paid. Wiktionary’s 2019 Haaretz line is תושבים בזכרון יעקב ישלמו לחברה פרטית 500 אלף שקל בתמורה לכך שלא תפעיל מוסד שיקומי. תושבים is the subject. 500 אלף שקל is a bare measure, the sum. לחברה פרטית is the payee, לְ־ plus the company. בתמורה לכך is “in exchange for” the following clause. Avnion’s entry מְשַׁלֵּם glosses the verb “gives a payment in return for goods or a service, or toward repayment of a debt,” פורע, מסלק חוב, and prints המעביד משלם לעובדיו את משכורותיהם. המעביד is the subject. לעובדיו is the payee. את משכורותיהם is the wages, a definite object with אֶת. The same entry prints Avot 6:5 שישלם לך שכר פעולתך. לך is the payee. שכר פעולתך is bare, “the wage of your work.” Exodus 22:5, as Avnion labels שמות כב 5, is שלם ישלם המבעיר את הבערה. המבעיר is the subject. את הבערה is the blaze, the damage he pays for. That line is compensation for a fire. It is a due. It is not a restaurant bill. Wiktionary’s usage note states the split: the thing paid for uses עַל al, and the recipient of the money is marked by לְ־. The note prints no clause with עַל.
Avnion’s מזומן entry prints the goods and the cash together: שילמנו לסוחר תמורת הסחורה במזומן. שילמנו is first person plural. לסוחר is the merchant, the payee. תמורת הסחורה is “in return for the goods.” במזומן is “in cash,” בְּ־ plus the money. The same dictionary’s idiom על חשבון הברון, “on someone else’s account,” prints הזמין ארבע מנות ושילם את כל זה על חשבון הברון בכרטיס האשראי שלי. את כל זה is the whole sum, a definite object. על חשבון הברון is the idiom. It is not Wiktionary’s עַל of the thing paid for. בכרטיס האשראי שלי is the means, בְּ־ plus the credit card. Avnion’s slang noun קש מני, glossed “cash,” prints הוא שילם בקש מני, בלי כרטיס, “He paid in cash money, no card.” הוא is the subject. בקש מני is the means. The line prints no payee and no bill. Avnion’s colloquial מגהץ is glossed משלם בכרטיס אשראי, “pays by credit card.” The finite example of that entry is גהצתי את כרטיס האשראי. The card there is the object of גיהץ, not of שילם.
פָּרַע · para · paʿal, root פ־ר־ע. Pealim’s לִפְרֹעַ lifroa is paʿal, glossed “to pay off (a debt, loan),” and also “to plunder, to rampage; to muss (hair).” The past third-person masculine is פָּרַע para, “he / it paid off.” Wiktionary’s headword פָּרַע pará, paʿal, sense 1 is “to pay (a bill).” That sense prints no clause. The biblical “let loose” lines, and the mishnaic “punish” line, stay off the bill. Avnion’s idiom פרע את החשבון para et ha-ḥeshbon is glossed שילם את חובו, “paid his debt.” את החשבון is the bill, with אֶת. The figurative senses of that idiom, paying for a sin and taking revenge, stay off the bill. Avnion’s פורע glosses “(את) משלם (חוב),” “pays (a debt),” and prints Bava Batra 10:5 מי שפרע מקצת חובו והשליש את שטרו. מקצת חובו is “part of his debt,” bare, the object of פרע. את שטרו is the object of השליש, “deposited his note.” It is not the object of פרע. הלווהו ואני פורע, Bava Batra as Avnion labels קעד, is “lend him the money, and I am the one who pays.” That clause prints no debt noun and no payee. מנהל הבנק דרש ממנו לפרוע את חובותיו בהקדם has את חובותיו, “his debts,” as the object of the infinitive. No payee stands beside it. The reward line שאני פורע לך has לך. Avnion files it under giving a recompense. It stays off the debt lines.
סִלֵּק · silek · piʿel, root ס־ל־ק. Pealim’s לְסַלֵּק lesalek is piʿel, glossed “to remove, to get rid of.” The past third-person masculine is סִלֵּק ~ סילק, “he / it removed.” That table does not gloss a debt. Wiktionary’s סִלֵּק silék is “to eliminate, discard, dispose, clear,” with no debt clause. Avnion’s מְסַלֵּק, the payment sense, is פורע, משלם (חוב), and prints אני מסלק את חובי במכולת. אני is the subject. את חובי is “my debt,” with אֶת. במכולת is “at the grocery,” a place. It is not the cash, and it is not a payee. The colloquial steal line סילקתי כמה חפיסות stays off the bill. The noun סילוק is glossed “repayment, payment of a debt,” with סילוק ההלוואה and סילוק החוב בחנות. Those are noun phrases. בחנות is the place. A finite סילק את החשבון is unprinted.
הֶחֱזִיר · heḥezir · hifʿil, root ח־ז־ר. Pealim’s לְהַחֲזִיר lehaḥzir, also לְהַחְזִיר, is hifʿil, glossed “to return (transitive).” The past third-person masculine is הֶחֱזִיר ~ הֶחְזִיר, “he / it returned.” Wiktionary’s הֶחְזִיר hekhzír is “to return, restore (a thing) (to a person or place).” Avnion’s החזיר is “brings a thing back to its place, or to its status, or to the one who held it before,” and prints שהחזרת לי אבדתי, Avodah Zarah 52, and חייב להחזירה לבעליה. אבדתי is the lost thing, bare. לי is “to me.” The suffix on להחזירה is the thing. לבעליה is “to its owner.” A money noun, and a creditor, are unprinted on these lines. Answering a greeting, והחזרתו לו שלום, and turning the face, החזרתי פניי ממנו, stay off the bill. Pealim’s label on the table is hifʿil. This page does not edit the causative note, and it does not call the return of a thing a causative of the bill.
Where this frame diverges from English pay (the bill). The English bill page makes the document the object and brings the sum back as with or in. English pay the waiter can make the person that object. שילם puts the sum, the wage, or the bill in the direct object. A definite one of those objects takes אֶת. The person, when one is printed, is in לְ־: לו, לך, לחברה, לעובדיו, לסוחר. אֶת on these lines is the sum, the wage, the blaze, the whole amount, the bill, or the debt. Wiktionary’s usage note puts the thing paid for in עַל. The printed clause for the goods is Avnion’s תמורת הסחורה. The Haaretz line uses בתמורה לכך. פָּרַע and סִלֵּק print the bill or the debt and print no payee beside it. הֶחֱזִיר prints the thing as the object and the person in לְ־.