Agent, Theme given, counter-Theme, Partner · Bulgarian cloth · working claim, revisable
Agent · subject of разменям, обменям, сменям, заменям · a full noun has no case ending · the definite article is the article
Theme given · direct object · товара · ром · сливи · долари · валута · свинята · пердета · ги is the accusative clitic of that object
counter-Theme received · за + noun phrase, or срещу + noun phrase · РБЕ’s header of разменям names срещу, за, and obsolete на · the one-volume government names за какво/за кого and does not name срещу
Partner · с + noun phrase · с Делията · с когото · с него · the same с introduces the new item on сменям and on transitive заменям
разменям си · РБЕ labels it взаим. · the thing stays the object · подаръци · пръстените · квартирите · телефоните · possessive си on местата си is a different clitic, on the noun
No case ending on a noun · marking is the preposition (за, с, срещу) or a clitic (си, се, ги, ти) · Ще ти ги разменя has dative ти and accusative ги
Where the Bulgarian frame diverges from the English gloss exchange X for Y with Z. Cambridge, on the lines the German page cites, prints exchange something for something and exchange sth with sb as separate patterns. English for is the thing received. English with is the partner. Bulgarian nouns do not inflect for case, so X, Y, and Z are not accusative, instrumental, or dative endings. X is the direct object: товара, сливи, долари, свинята. Y, the thing received, is за or срещу. Z, the partner, is с when the noun is the person one exchanges with. That с is also the new item. Russian обменять marks Y with на plus accusative and, on the reciprocal, puts the Theme in the bare instrumental. Polish wymienić marks Y with на plus accusative and the partner with z plus instrumental. Bulgarian has no instrumental to put the Theme in. The reciprocal is the clitic си, and the object stays.
срещу is printed as a counter-Theme. РБЕ’s sense 1 of разменям says the second noun usually takes срещу, за, or obsolete на. The filled срещу lines are the skins and the vodka: товара на корабите си срещу кожи, ром срещу водка. обменям fills парче плат срещу хранителни продукти. The noun размяна fills стока срещу стока and размяна на осъдените срещу осъден терорист. The one-volume government of разменям is Какво/кого, за какво/за кого, and the examples are сливи за смет and кон за камила. That article does not print срещу. The preposition article, in Речник на съвременния български книжовен език, sense 6, glosses срещу as в замяна на. The lines under that sense are payment and compensation: срещу парично възнаграждение, срещу малка такса, срещу храна. They are not a разменям clause.
с is the partner, and с is the new item. On разменям, a person after с is the partner: Размени с Делията някоя и друга дума, с когото беше разменил толкова писма. On обменям, да обмени с него няколко думи and с кого да обменя are that partner, and сол с ценните стоки is the other goods. On сменям, the printed с is the new item or the thing received: one-volume Сменям мебелите с нови, РСБКЕ смених номера на колата с фалшив номер and да смениш свинята с овца. No person-partner stands after с in those сменям examples. On transitive заменям, РБЕ’s header names с and за together. Заменям ги за жито and заменям за апартамент use за. пердета с щори, годеник с дебелия Беслеменов, and дворно място с една нива use с for the other item. The mutual line се заменяме с Иванов uses с for the partner.