Arguments
Agent, Theme given, counter-Theme, Partner · Italian cloth · working claim, revisable
scambiare · Agent (subject) + Theme given (direct object) + counter-Theme (con + DP)
Partner: con + DP · the same preposition as the counter-Theme · scambiare X con Y does not say which reading Y has
per + DP · the mistake sense · scambiare X per Y · Treccani, De Mauro, and Hoepli print it · the exchange sense’s second argument, in the Treccani synonyms note, is con
reciprocal scambiarsi · the Theme stays a direct object · scambiarsi gli auguri · scambiarsi i regali · a finite clause with an overt plural subject on the greetings line is unprinted
An exchange, on this reading, has someone who gives a thing and receives another. The one who exchanges is the subject, when a clause names one. The thing given is the direct object: the villa, the car, the goods, the stamps, the prisoners, the words. The thing received is con plus a DP. Treccani’s exchange sense is Dare una cosa in cambio di un’altra, and the filled lines are vorrei s. la mia villa di campagna con un appartamento in città and ha scambiato la sua vecchia automobile con un ciclomotore nuovo. The synonyms note of that sense says the second argument takes con. De Mauro prints scambiare merci con materie prime. Hoepli prints s. prodotti agricoli con manufatti and s. un appartamento con una villetta.
The other person is also con plus a DP. Treccani’s talk sense writes the frame as s. una parola, due parole, due chiacchiere con qualcuno. The finite line on that sense, è tanto che non scambiamo due parole, names the words and does not print con. Hoepli fills the person: scambiò poche chiacchiere coi compagni di viaggio, and the frame s. una parola, un’opinione con qualcuno. coi is con i. A clause that names the direct object, a partner in con, and a received thing in con is unprinted. The two con phrases sit in different senses.
Where this frame diverges from the English gloss exchange X for Y with Z, from Spanish intercambiar, from French échanger, and from German tauschen. Cambridge’s learner entry prints exchange something for something as its own pattern: I exchanged those trousers for a larger size. The business entry prints exchange sth with sb as a separate pattern. No Cambridge line opened on the German page stacks with and for in one clause. Spanish marks the received thing with por and the partner, where the DPD prints one, with con. French marks the received thing with contre, and with pour where Littré and the bilingual line print it, and the partner with avec. German marks the received thing with gegen plus accusative and the partner with mit plus dative. Italian prints one preposition, con, for the received thing and for the partner. scambiare X con Y is the villa and the apartment, and it is also the words and the companions. English for and with, Spanish por and con, French contre and avec, and German gegen and mit keep those two places apart.
per is the mistake sense. Treccani’s first sense is Prendere una persona o una cosa per un’altra: ti avevo scambiato per tuo fratello, non scambiare il sale per lo zucchero. De Mauro prints ho scambiato Marco per suo fratello in the same sense, and, beside it, scambiare il sale con lo zucchero. Hoepli prints scambiandolo per suo fratello, scambiato per uno sciocco, and scambiato la mia tolleranza per vigliaccheria. The synonyms note says the mistake sense takes con or per, and it gives per tuo fratello and il sale con lo zucchero. The exchange sense in that note takes con and does not list per. English for covers both the received thing of exchange X for Y and the mistaken identity of mistake X for Y. Italian per is the second of those. It is not Spanish por of the thing received, and it is not French pour of the thing received.
Places · who wears which marking
The goods lines do not stack every marking in one clause. The direct object is the thing given. con plus a DP is the thing received on the exchange sense, the other person on the talk sense, and, on the mistake sense, the person or thing one is confused with. per plus a DP is the mistaken identity. barattare repeats con of the received thing. cambiare prints con of a received thing on Hoepli, and Treccani’s Goldoni line prints con of the person and in of the received thing. Those prepositions are not copied back onto every line of scambiare.
Printed counter-Theme · con + DP of the thing received · scambiare
✓ vorrei s. la mia villa di campagna con un appartamento in città Treccani · sense 1.b · s. is the entry’s abbreviation of scambiare · Dare una cosa in cambio di un’altra · the villa is the direct object · con un appartamento is the thing received
✓ ha scambiato la sua vecchia automobile con un ciclomotore nuovo Treccani · sense 1.b · the car is the direct object · con un ciclomotore nuovo is the thing received
✓ scambiare merci con materie prime · scambiare francobolli De Mauro · sense 2a · cedere vicendevolmente a pari condizioni, barattare · the stamps line has no con
✓ s. prodotti agricoli con manufatti · s. un appartamento con una villetta Hoepli · sense 2 · s. is the entry’s abbreviation · Dare, prendere una cosa in cambio di un’altra
the country house for a city apartment · the old car for a new moped · goods for raw materials · stamps, with no second DP · farm products for manufactured goods · an apartment for a small villa · the thing given is the direct object · the thing received, where a line prints it, is con plus a DP
Printed Partner · con + DP · the same preposition
✓ s. una parola, due parole, due chiacchiere con qualcuno Treccani · sense 1.c · the words are the direct object · the person is con qualcuno · the finite line non scambiamo due parole prints no con
✓ scambiare due parole (con qualcuno) Treccani · Sinonimi e Contrari · the parenthesis is the entry’s
✓ in treno scambiò poche chiacchiere coi compagni di viaggio · s. una parola, un’opinione con qualcuno Hoepli · sense 5 · coi is con i
✓ scambiare opinioni, pareri, impressioni De Mauro · sense 3 · direct object · no con in the clause · the polirematica scambiare due parole likewise prints no con
to exchange a word or two with someone · a few chats with one’s travelling companions · opinions, views, impressions, with no partner in the clause · the partner preposition is con, and so is the counter-Theme preposition · a clause that stacks the two is unprinted
Mistake · per + DP · and con of the person or thing one is confused with
✓ ti avevo scambiato per tuo fratello · sta’ attento a non s. il sale per lo zucchero Treccani · sense 1.a · Prendere una persona o una cosa per un’altra · per is the mistaken identity
✓ i due gemelli sono così somiglianti che si scambiano facilmente l’uno con l’altro Treccani · sense 1.a · plural subject · si · con l’altro is the other twin one is confused with · not the greetings reciprocal
✓ scambiare il sale con lo zucchero · ho scambiato Marco per suo fratello De Mauro · sense 1 · one sense prints both con and per
✓ lo salutai scambiandolo per suo fratello · non mi avrai scambiato per uno sciocco · hai scambiato la mia tolleranza per vigliaccheria Hoepli · senses 1 and 6 · per
✓ the synonyms note prints the mistake sense con le prep. con, per and the exchange sense con la prep. con Treccani · Sinonimi e Contrari · per tuo fratello · il sale con lo zucchero · the exchange example is the villa con un appartamento
I had mistaken you for your brother · salt for sugar · the twins for one another · Marco for his brother · me for a fool · my tolerance for cowardice · per on these lines is not the thing received in an exchange · con on the salt and on the twins is the same preposition as the counter-Theme and the partner
Reciprocal scambiarsi · the Theme stays a direct object
✓ scambiarsi gli auguri per il nuovo anno · scambiarsi i regali · scambiarsi sguardi, occhiate, insulti, confidenze Treccani · sense 3.a · Con valore reciproco · infinitive headings · gli auguri and i regali are the direct object · per il nuovo anno is the occasion
✓ scambiamoci il posto · scambiamoci di posto · s. i prigionieri Treccani · sense 3.a · first-person plural imperative with ci · s. is the entry’s abbreviation · the prisoners line has no si
✓ scambiarsi il posto · scambiarsi regali, confidenze · scambiarsi di posto De Mauro · scambiarsi · pronominal transitive reciprocal, and pronominal intransitive reciprocal for di posto
✓ scambiarsi auguri, cortesie · scambiarsi un’occhiata Hoepli · v. rifl. recipr. · infinitive headings
✓ è tanto che non scambiamo due parole Treccani · sense 1.c · plural subject in the verb · no si · no con
to exchange New Year greetings · to exchange gifts · let’s exchange places · to exchange the prisoners · we haven’t exchanged two words · the greetings formula is an infinitive · a finite clause with an overt plural subject and si scambiano gli auguri is unprinted · per il nuovo anno is not a counter-Theme
Printed barattare · con + the received thing · reciprocal ci
✓ b. una mela con un’arancia · ci siamo barattati le biciclette · voleva b. un chilo di zucchero con un litro d’olio Treccani · sense 1.a · Permutare, scambiare due cose · the bicycles line is first-person plural · the direct object stays
✓ b. una parola, poche parole con uno Treccani · sense 1.b · the person is con · the same preposition as the apple’s orange
✓ ho barattato una penna con due quaderni · barattare la propria dignità con quattro soldi De Mauro · sense 1 · dare una cosa in cambio di un’altra
✓ b. un cappello con un altro, un abito con un libro · b. la ricchezza con l’onore · Barattare parola con qualcuno · si barattarono quattro pugni Hoepli · sense 1 · b. is the entry’s abbreviation · the received thing is con · sense 2 · parola con qualcuno is the partner · the punches line is the reciprocal and keeps the direct object
an apple for an orange · we exchanged bicycles · a kilo of sugar for a litre of oil · a pen for two notebooks · a hat for another · a word with someone · they exchanged four punches · barattare uses con for the received thing and for the partner, as scambiare does
cambiare · con of a thing · con of a person and in of a thing · di + bare noun
✓ queste sei candele le cambierò collo speziale in tanto zucchero Treccani · sense 3 · Goldoni, as the entry prints it · collo is con lo · the grocer is the person · in tanto zucchero is the thing received
✓ c. i dollari in euro, in sterline · mi può c. questi dieci euro? Treccani · sense 3 · c. is the entry’s abbreviation · currency is in · the ten-euro line has no second DP
✓ voglio c. quest’oro con denaro contante Hoepli · sense 3 · c. is the entry’s abbreviation · Scambiare, barattare · con denaro contante is the thing received · no person in the clause
✓ c. una banconota da cinquanta euro in cinque da dieci · c. euro in dollari Hoepli · sense 5 · c. is the entry’s abbreviation · in
✓ cambiare le lire in sterline De Mauro · sense 3 · currency in · sense 7, dare in cambio, barattare, is labelled obsolete and prints no clause
✓ c. di posto, di casa, c. d’aspetto, d’opinione Treccani · intransitive · c. is the entry’s abbreviation · the entry says the sense is not different from the transitive c. posto, c. casa · no received DP
✓ cambiare di posto · Cambiare di posto, di opinione De Mauro · sense 1a · intransitive with di · Hoepli · intransitive · cambiare di posto, di opinione equals cambiare posto, opinione
I will change these six candles with the grocer for so much sugar · dollars into euros · this gold for cash · lire into pounds · to change place, house, opinion · the Goldoni line is the printed clause that names a person and a received thing · the person is con · the thing is in · Hoepli’s gold line puts the received thing in con and names no person · di plus a bare noun names no received DP
Places of Italian scambiare: introducer, marking, status, and the English, Spanish, French, and German marking
| Place | Introduced by (working) | Italian marking | Status in the sources | English, Spanish, French, and German marking |
|---|
| Agent | subject | subject of scambiare | vorrei · ha scambiato · non scambiamo · omitted in the infinitive headings | subject of exchange · subject of intercambiar · subject of échanger · subject of tauschen |
|---|
| Theme given | the thing given | direct object | la mia villa · la sua vecchia automobile · merci · francobolli · due parole · gli auguri · i regali · i prigionieri · una mela · una penna | object of exchange · direct object of intercambiar and of échanger · accusative of tauschen |
|---|
| Counter-Theme | the thing received | con + DP | Treccani con un appartamento · con un ciclomotore nuovo · De Mauro con materie prime · Hoepli con manufatti · con una villetta · barattare con un’arancia · con due quaderni · Hoepli cambiare con denaro contante | English for · Spanish por + DP · French contre + DP · German gegen+accusative · Italian con is the partner preposition as well |
|---|
| Partner | the other person | con + DP | Treccani con qualcuno · Hoepli coi compagni di viaggio · con qualcuno · barattare con uno · parola con qualcuno · Treccani cambiare Goldoni collo speziale · a partner in a is unprinted · a clause that also names the received thing in con is unprinted | English with · Spanish con + DP · French avec + DP · German mit+dative · those languages use a different preposition for the received thing |
|---|
| Mistake | the person or thing one is taken for | per + DP · also con + DP | Treccani per tuo fratello · per lo zucchero · De Mauro per suo fratello and con lo zucchero · Hoepli per suo fratello · per uno sciocco · per vigliaccheria · synonyms: mistake con or per · exchange con | English mistake X for Y shares for with exchange X for Y · Italian per is the mistake · Spanish por, French pour, and German für are not this place on the exchange pages |
|---|
| Reciprocal si | each party to the other | si / ci + direct object | Treccani scambiarsi gli auguri · scambiarsi i regali · scambiamoci il posto · De Mauro scambiarsi regali · Hoepli scambiarsi auguri · ci siamo barattati le biciclette · finite si scambiano gli auguri with an overt plural subject is unprinted · the gemelli si scambiano is the mistake sense | Spanish DPD se keeps the object · French s'échanger keeps the object · German die Plätze tauschen has no sich · English exchange greetings has no reflexive |
|---|
| cambiare · in and di | the received thing, or a switch with no received DP | in + DP · di + bare noun | Goldoni in tanto zucchero beside collo speziale · currency in euro · in sterline · in dollari · di posto, di casa, d’opinione · Hoepli also prints con denaro contante on the barter sense | Spanish cambiar de + bare noun has no received DP · Spanish currency prints en, a, and por · French and German currency prepositions stay on those pages |
|---|
Marking map. On scambiare, read the direct object as the thing given. Read con as the thing received on the exchange sense, as the partner on the talk sense, and as the mistaken other where the mistake sense prints con. Read per as the mistaken identity. Do not read per il nuovo anno as a counter-Theme. Do not read a partner in a into the articles opened here. On cambiare, read Hoepli’s con denaro contante as a received thing, read the Goldoni collo speziale as the person and in tanto zucchero as the received thing, and read di plus a bare noun as a switch with no received DP.
- Direct object of the Theme. Treccani: la mia villa di campagna, la sua vecchia automobile, due parole, gli auguri, i regali, i prigionieri, il posto. De Mauro: merci, francobolli, opinioni, pareri, impressioni, regali. Hoepli: prodotti agricoli, un appartamento, poche chiacchiere. barattare: una mela, le biciclette, una penna, un cappello. A line can name only that object. The stamps line and the impressions line have no partner and no second con.
- con plus a DP, the counter-Theme. Treccani fills con un appartamento in città and con un ciclomotore nuovo. The synonyms note calls con the preposition of that second argument. De Mauro fills con materie prime. Hoepli fills con manufatti and con una villetta. barattare fills con un’arancia, con un litro d’olio, con due quaderni, con un altro, con un libro. English for, Spanish por, French contre, and German gegen plus accusative are the received-thing markings on the other pages. Italian con is not those prepositions.
- con plus a DP, the partner. Treccani writes con qualcuno into the talk frame and leaves it out of non scambiamo due parole. Hoepli fills coi compagni di viaggio and un’opinione con qualcuno. barattare fills con uno and parola con qualcuno. The Goldoni line of cambiare fills collo speziale. French avec, German mit plus dative, Spanish con, and English with are the partner markings on the sibling pages. On those pages the received thing has another preposition. Here the partner and the received thing share con. A partner in bare a is unprinted. A dative clitic of a partner is unprinted on the exchange lines opened here. The mi of mi hanno scambiato l’impermeabile and of mi può scambiare questo biglietto is not that partner.
- The ambiguity of scambiare X con Y. Y is the apartment and the moped, the raw materials, the manufactured goods. Y is also qualcuno and i compagni di viaggio. Y is also the sugar one must not take the salt for, in De Mauro and in the synonyms note, and the other twin. The dictionaries separate the senses. They do not print a clause in which a thing-con and a person-con stand together. Spanish con is the partner, and Spanish por is the received thing. Italian con is both, and it is the mistaken other as well.
- per, the mistake, and the per that is not a counter-Theme. Treccani, De Mauro, and Hoepli print per tuo fratello, per suo fratello, per lo zucchero, per uno sciocco, per vigliaccheria. The synonyms note lists per on the mistake sense and does not list it on the exchange sense. scambiarsi gli auguri per il nuovo anno puts the occasion under per. The greetings stay the direct object. De Mauro’s una tregua per scambiare i prigionieri puts a purpose infinitive under per. The prisoners are the direct object. Neither per is the thing received. English for of exchange X for Y is the received thing. Italian per of scambiare X per Y is the mistaken identity. Spanish por of intercambiar lines up with the English exchange for, not with this Italian per.
- Reciprocal scambiarsi, and the line with no si. Treccani’s reciprocal headings keep a direct object: gli auguri, i regali, sguardi, il posto. De Mauro and Hoepli keep regali and auguri. The printed greetings formula is the infinitive. scambiamoci il posto is a first-person plural imperative. ci siamo barattati le biciclette is a first-person plural perfect, and the bicycles stay the direct object. si barattarono quattro pugni is third-person plural. non scambiamo due parole is plural and has no si. s. i prigionieri has no si. The gemelli line, si scambiano facilmente l’uno con l’altro, is the mistake sense. A present Pat e Chris si scambiano gli auguri is constructed on the infinitive. It is not a dictionary clause. French s'échangent des timbres keeps the object, as these lines do. German die Plätze tauschen has no sich.
- cambiare. Hoepli’s barter sense is quest’oro con denaro contante: direct object and con of the received thing, with no person. Treccani’s Goldoni line names both a person and a received thing, and it splits the prepositions: collo speziale, in tanto zucchero. Currency on Treccani, De Mauro, and Hoepli is in: dollari in euro, lire in sterline, euro in dollari, una banconota da cinquanta euro in cinque da dieci. De Mauro labels dare in cambio, barattare obsolete and prints no clause. di posto, di casa, d’opinione name no received DP. Treccani says that intransitive has a sense not different from the transitive cambiare posto. This page does not reclassify the di-phrase as a second object. in of the received sugar or of the currency is unprinted on the scambiare examples opened here. Treccani’s banknote sense of scambiare writes con l’equivalente in the definition and prints mi può scambiare questo biglietto da cento euro with no con and no in.
- Off the exchange frame. The coat lines are a wrong object, not a trade: Treccani mi hanno scambiato l’impermeabile, De Mauro mi hanno scambiato l’ombrello, Hoepli mi hanno scambiato l’ombrello. Hoepli barattare sense 2 is the same shape, barattò il suo ombrello con quello di uno sconosciuto, fraud or error, and the con there is the thing left in place of the other. Clothing on cambiare, the baby, the gear change, and cambiare aria stay off the exchange frame. Treccani’s physics line, sistemi che si scambiano azioni elettromagnetiche, is not goods.
Examples
Argument difference. English exchange X for Y marks the received thing with for. English exchange X with Z marks the other person with with. Cambridge does not print those two in one clause. Italian marks both with con. scambiare X con Y is the villa and the apartment, and it is the words and the companions, and, on the mistake sense, the salt and the sugar. per is scambiare X per Y, the brother and the sugar one is mistaken for. Spanish por is the received thing. French contre is the received thing and avec is the partner. German gegen plus accusative is the received thing and mit plus dative is the partner. barattare repeats the con of scambiare. cambiare prints con of a received thing on Hoepli, and the Goldoni line prints con of the person and in of the sugar. di plus a bare noun names no received DP.
Dictionary frames and lines · quoted as printed
vorrei s. la mia villa di campagna con un appartamento in città. · ha scambiato la sua vecchia automobile con un ciclomotore nuovo. · ti avevo scambiato per tuo fratello. · sta’ attento a non s. il sale per lo zucchero. · si scambiano facilmente l’uno con l’altro. · non scambiamo due parole. · scambiarsi gli auguri per il nuovo anno. · scambiarsi i regali. · scambiamoci il posto. Treccani · scambiare
scambiare il sale con lo zucchero. · ho scambiato Marco per suo fratello. · scambiare merci con materie prime. · scambiare francobolli. · scambiare opinioni, pareri, impressioni. De Mauro · scambiare
s. prodotti agricoli con manufatti. · s. un appartamento con una villetta. · scambiò poche chiacchiere coi compagni di viaggio. · scambiandolo per suo fratello. · scambiarsi auguri. Hoepli · scambiare
b. una mela con un’arancia. · ci siamo barattati le biciclette. · poche parole con uno. Treccani · barattare
ho barattato una penna con due quaderni. De Mauro · barattare
b. un cappello con un altro, un abito con un libro. · Barattare parola con qualcuno. · si barattarono quattro pugni. Hoepli · barattare · b. is the entry’s abbreviation · sense 1 · sense 2 · reciprocal
queste sei candele le cambierò collo speziale in tanto zucchero. · c. i dollari in euro, in sterline. · c. di posto, di casa, c. d’aspetto, d’opinione. Treccani · cambiare · c. is the entry’s abbreviation
voglio c. quest’oro con denaro contante. · c. euro in dollari. · Cambiare di posto, di opinione. Hoepli · cambiare · c. is the entry’s abbreviation · the di line is printed in full
cambiare le lire in sterline. De Mauro · cambiare · the barter sense is obsolete and has no clause
I exchanged those trousers for a larger size. · exchange something for something · exchange sth with sb Cambridge · learner for · business with · no one clause stacks with and for
Strings below are constructed, modelled on the printed lines. They are not spontaneous-speech citations and not dictionary lines. Pat and Chris name the participants. A name does not spell a role.
Constructed · the pieces are printed separately
✓ Pat scambia il disegno con un libro. constructed on Treccani la mia villa con un appartamento and on De Mauro una penna con due quaderni · con is the thing received · Pat and il disegno are not the printed clause
✓ Pat scambia due parole con Chris. constructed on Treccani due parole con qualcuno and on Hoepli coi compagni di viaggio · direct object · con + the person
✓ Pat scambia Marco per suo fratello. constructed on De Mauro ho scambiato Marco per suo fratello · per is the mistake · not the thing received
✓ Pat e Chris si scambiano gli auguri. constructed · an overt plural subject and a finite si scambiano gli auguri are unprinted · modelled on Treccani scambiarsi gli auguri · the direct object stays · per il nuovo anno is left out
✓ Pat baratta la mela con un’arancia. constructed on Treccani b. una mela con un’arancia · the printed line is an infinitive heading
✓ Pat cambia di posto. constructed on Treccani cambiare di posto · no received DP
✓ Pat scambia il disegno con Chris con un libro. constructed · con of a person and con of a thing are each printed · no article opened here stacks the two in one clause · the English gloss exchange X for Y with Z is the same kind of stack · Spanish con plus por, French avec plus contre, and German mit plus gegen are unprinted as one clause on intercambiar, échanger, and tauschen
* Pat scambia la villa per un appartamento. constructed · per + DP as the thing received · unprinted · the printed exchange is con un appartamento · per un appartamento would be the mistake shape of per tuo fratello · Spanish por of the received thing is not this per
Notes
Working paper · October 2026 · Italian micro-entry · Index 2 Transfer
scambiare takes a thing as a direct object. The thing received is con plus a DP. The partner is con plus a DP. per is the mistake sense, scambiare X per Y. Spanish por, French contre, and German gegen are not this con, and those pages do not collapse the partner and the received thing onto one preposition.
Sense × language: exchange · Italian (scambiare, cambiare, barattare). The goods exchange is the page. Looks, insults, and confidences stay on the citation where a source prints them. The coat, the baby, and the gear change stay off the exchange frame. Geometry neighbors: exchange · intercambiar, for por and con, exchange · échanger, for contre and avec, exchange · tauschen, for gegen and mit, and sell · vendere, for per as a price. Index 2 Italian Transfer is scambiare, dare. dare is not this page. barattare and cambiare are not in that citation. No English micro-entry. The stub is exchange.html.
Open items
- One con for the received thing and for the partner. The villa line and the companions line are different senses. No clause opened here has both a person-con and a thing-con. The Goldoni line of cambiare names a person and a received thing and splits the prepositions. Cambridge prints for and with as separate patterns. The gloss exchange X for Y with Z is the unprinted stack.
- per against con on the mistake sense. Treccani’s main entry prints per for the brother and for the sugar, and con for the other twin. De Mauro prints con lo zucchero and per suo fratello in one sense. The synonyms note says con or per. This page does not rank the two prepositions inside the mistake sense. It does record that the exchange sense’s note names con and does not name per.
- per il nuovo anno and per scambiare. The first is the occasion of the greetings. The second, in De Mauro, is a purpose infinitive before exchanging the prisoners. Neither is the thing received.
- cambiare · con, in, and di. Hoepli prints con denaro contante. Treccani prints in tanto zucchero beside collo speziale, and in euro. De Mauro’s living currency line is in sterline, and the barter sense is obsolete with no clause. di posto names no received DP. None of these prepositions is starred. in is unprinted on the scambiare examples opened here.
- A finite plural subject on scambiarsi gli auguri. Unprinted. The dictionary line is the infinitive. scambiamoci il posto and ci siamo barattati le biciclette are first-person plural, with the direct object kept. non scambiamo due parole has no si. The gemelli si scambiano is the mistake sense. The constructed present is not a dictionary line.
- a as the partner, and a dative clitic of a partner. Unprinted on the exchange lines. The mi of the coat and of the banknote is not reclassified as that partner.
- Dictionaries not opened. Garzanti Linguistica did not serve an entry. Lo Zingarelli, on the Zanichelli site, asks for a sign-in. Nothing is quoted from either. Wiktionary is a secondary source and prints no con and no per in the glosses.
Corpus filenames and sources checked
Dictionary frames: Treccani, for scambiare, the synonyms note of scambiare, cambiare, and barattare; Il Nuovo De Mauro, as hosted by Internazionale, for scambiare, scambiarsi, cambiare, and barattare; Hoepli, for the same three verbs. Sense numbers are not carried from one dictionary to another. English: Cambridge, learner and business, exchange, as cited on the German page. Spanish: exchange-es. French: exchange-fr. German: exchange-de. Sibling pages: exchange, sell-it, give. Constructed clauses reuse a printed preposition with named participants. Garzanti and Zingarelli were not opened. English and Italian Wiktionary were opened as secondary sources and do not decide con against per. Index 2 lists scambiare, dare.
Records scambiare with the thing given as a direct object and the thing received in con plus a DP. The partner is the same con. per is the mistake sense. Reciprocal scambiarsi keeps the direct object. barattare repeats con. cambiare prints con of a received thing, in of a received thing beside con of a person, and di plus a bare noun with no received DP.