rent · Bulgarian (давам под наем)

Arguments

Lessor, Lessee, Property · compensation in the phrase под наем and in the noun наем · на of a person unfilled in the rent example · от of a lessor unprinted on active наемам · за + MeasureP unprinted · working claim, revisable

Voice[Lessor of давам / дам + под наем ∨ Lessee of наемам / наема] + Theme (the one object) · Lessee на+DP in the government, unfilled in the rent example · Lessor от+DP unprinted on the active lessee verb · Price the noun наем · за + MeasureP unprinted · Period за два дни (Δ) unranked

A commercial rental, on this reading, has a Lessor, a Lessee, the Property, and a Price. A period may be named. They are not four or five equal sisters of one Bulgarian verb. The lessor examples and the lessee examples are not the same lemma. On the lessor side, the one-volume dictionary’s sense 2 of давам governs Какво, на кого/какво, glosses the sense as giving something for use, and prints Давам стаята под наем. The header pairs imperfective давам with perfective дам. РБЕ’s header prints the perfective aorist дадох. Sense 4 of that article, the temporary-use subsense, prints Йовков’s го даваше под наем. The inn is the object clitic го. No recipient and no sum are in that clause. On the lessee side, the one-volume article of наемам governs Какво, glosses the sense Вземам под наем, and prints Наех хубав апартамент. The header pairs imperfective наемам with perfective наема. РБЕ sense 1 is taking something under rent, and the header prints the perfective aorist наех. A lessor after от is unprinted on that active verb. A numeral after за is unprinted on both verbs. The sum is the noun наем. Full noun phrases show no case ending.

What is different from the English gloss. English rent is direction-neutral. The subject can be either party, and the direction sits in the preposition: rent the house to a student and rent a house from the owner. Rent out and let are lessor-only, and they still take to. Bulgarian does not keep both directions on one verb in the entries read. The lessor side is давам or дам plus под наем. The lessee side is наемам or наема. English Wiktionary glosses наемам as lease, rent, charter, and names the perfective наема. That gloss matches the lessee as subject. It does not match a printed from-phrase, because от of a lessor is unprinted on the active verb. Rent … to matches the one-volume government на кого only as a label. The rent example does not fill it. A full noun has no dative ending. Polish wynająć and Russian сдавать write the lessee in the dative. The same letter на is a preposition, not that case.

Places · who wears which marking

РБЕ and the one-volume dictionary do not put lessor, lessee, property, a sum, and a period in one clause. The lessor lines have под наем and the thing. The lessee lines have the thing. The one на in the temporary-use subsense that names people is Вазов’s на студентки, on дава квартира, not inside a под наем clause. The sum sits on the noun наем.

Printed lessor frame · the thing is the object clitic · no recipient · no sum

✓ сега го даваше под наем РБЕ · давам sense 4 · temporary-use subsense · Й. Йовков, ЖС, 46

now he was letting it

Printed lessee frame · the thing is the object · no source phrase

✓ Наех хубав апартамент. one-volume · наемам sense 1

I rented a nice flat

Printed passive of the lessor phrase · the rooms are the subject

✓ три от които се даваха под наем РБЕ · noun наем · К. Константинов, ППГ, 318

three of which were let

Places of давам под наем and наемам: introducer, Bulgarian marking, case status, English and sibling marking
Place	Introduced by (working)	Bulgarian marking	Case status	English and the live siblings
Lessor	Spec,Voice of давам / дам + под наем · also отдавам под наем	subject of the lessor shape · no case ending on a full noun phrase · the се даваха line has no lessor subject	on наемам, от of a lessor is unprinted · the passive от дикиджийския еснаф is the agent that took the inn · not filed as the owner	subject of rent … to and of rent out · from of rent … from · subject of сдавать · у+GEN on снимать · od+GEN on wynająć
Lessee	Spec,Voice of наемам / наема · a на-person inside давам … под наем is unprinted	subject of наемам · Наех хубав апартамент · арменецът наемаше евтин апартамент · the noun definition names наемателят as the one who pays наем	government на кого on one-volume давам sense 2 · a full noun has no dative ending · the rent example does not fill на кого · Вазов’s на студентки is on дава квартира · Дава ми is the horse, in the same subsense, with no под наем · a clitic doubled with на plus a lessee is unprinted	to when the English subject is the lessor · subject of rent … from · dative of wynająć and of the Bulgakov line on сдать · на+DP of продавам
Property	complement of the rent root	the one object · стаята, го, хубав апартамент, воденици · subject of се даваха под наем and of ханът … се нае	no accusative ending on a full noun phrase · го resumes the inn · се promotes the rooms or the inn · a lessee-subject of that passive is unprinted	direct object · accusative of сдавать and of wynająć · the one object of leie ut
Price	the noun наем · под наем in the phrase gloss · a за-MeasureP on the verb is unprinted	РБЕ: the amount the tenant pays the owner, usually periodically, for temporary use · phrase Под наем. Срещу заплащане · one-volume Месечен наем за квартира	the phrase is the compensation wording · a numeral under за on давам or наемам is unprinted · за квартира on the noun is the thing · one-volume Колко даваш за този апартамент? is sense 7, a price of sale, not this phrase	for + MeasureP · za in the definition of wynająć, numeral unprinted there · за+ACC where a Russian source prints the sum · за + one MeasureP on продавам
Period	за два дни on the Δ line · unranked	Наех велосипед за два дни · се нае за десетина деня · обикн. периодично in the noun definition · Месечен on the noun	printed as time wording · argument versus adjunct unprinted · not a за-sum · not given a seat as a fifth sister	for a period · на+ACC where a Russian source prints a duration

Marking map. The lemma chooses the direction. Read the verb, then под наем if it is printed, then any preposition that is actually printed. на студентки is not inside the rent clause. за два дни is not a sum. от еснафа on the passive is not the owner. наем is the noun.

The object of the property. The one-volume lessor example prints стаята. Йовков’s inn is the clitic го. The one-volume lessee example prints хубав апартамент. РБЕ sense 1 of наемам prints евтин апартамент, квартира, моторницата, една градина, един файтон, and, marked Δ, велосипед. Караславов’s mills are the object of вземаше под наем. The object is the thing whose use is transferred for a time. It is not the price. Full noun phrases do not show an accusative ending.
Subject of давам под наем, the lessor. The one-volume gloss is Предоставям за ползване. РБЕ’s temporary-use subsense is giving something one owns to another so that the other may use it for a time. The finite subject of даваше lets the inn. The lessee is not the subject of that line. English rent can still take the lessee as subject of the same verb. These lines do not. The pair in the headers is imperfective давам, perfective дам, aorist дадох. See the phrase.
отдавам под наем beside давам под наем. The one-volume sense 1 of отдавам governs Какво only, glosses the sense as giving for temporary use, and prints Отдавам под наем. The header pairs imperfective отдавам with perfective отдам. It does not print на кого. It is the same lessor-side direction. Sense 3 of that article is Приписвам. That sense is the Attitude citation’s neighbour. It is not this rental. No separate page is opened.
Subject of наемам, the lessee. The one-volume gloss is Вземам под наем. РБЕ sense 1 is taking something under rent. The citations put the taker in the subject: Димов’s Armenian, Кремен’s Яворов, Вежинов’s holiday-makers, Каралийчев’s two men, Геновска’s Цанко. English Wiktionary’s first gloss is lease, rent, charter. The second gloss is hire, engage. That second gloss is РБЕ sense 2, hiring a person. The person is the object of that sense. It is not a lessee of a flat.
на of a person is unfilled in the rent example. от of a lessor is unprinted. The one-volume government of the lessor sense is на кого/какво. Давам стаята под наем does not fill it. In the temporary-use subsense, Дава ми бай Николчо коня си has the dative clitic ми and no под наем. Тя дава квартира само на студентки непушачки has на студентки and no под наем. A full noun after на keeps its ordinary form. There is no dative ending on it. РБЕ prints a doubled dative once, in another sense: им [на телците] даваше зобчица. That line feeds calves. It is not a lessee of a room, and it is not moved onto под наем. No active clause read here prints от of an owner on наемам. On the passive ханът … се нае … от дикиджийския еснаф, от is the agent of наемам, the party that took the inn. Събираше наеми от къщите has от of the properties, on the noun, with събираше. On продавам the buyer is на plus a noun phrase, and a doubled buyer is unprinted there too. The sale is not a rental.
The noun наем, and за. РБЕ defines the noun as the amount the tenant pays the owner, usually periodically, for temporary use. The phrase article is Под наем, glossed as payment for that use. The one-volume noun is payment for temporary use, example Месечен наем за квартира. за there introduces the flat. It is not a MeasureP on the verb. A за-phrase that holds a numeral of money, on давам под наем or on наемам, is unprinted. The за that is printed on наемам is the period in the Δ line за два дни, or a purpose such as за кратки разходки. One-volume давам sense 7 prints Колко даваш за този апартамент? That sense is naming or paying a price. It is not sense 2, and it is not под наем.
се даваха and се нае. се даваха под наем promotes the rooms. The subject is three of the rooms. от които is the partitive of those rooms, not a lessor. ханът … се нае and да се наеме още една кола are printed with наемам се, наема се страд. The subject is the inn or the cart. A passive that makes the lessee the subject and leaves the room as object is not in the entries read. It is not starred. See voice.
Neighbours, one paragraph, not pages. вземам под наем: РБЕ вземам sense 11 is acquiring the right to use something against payment, glossed наемам, and prints Караславов’s вземаше под наем воденици. The same sense prints Дойков’s вземаха земя под аренда. под аренда stays on land. The one-volume article of вземам pairs imperfective вземам with perfective взема, lists наемам among the synonyms, and does not print под наем. It files взимам as a misspelling of the headword. The periphrasis that is printed is вземам / взема, not взимам. търсеха ниви под наем (К. Петканов) has the phrase on търсеха. It is not a frame of давам or of наемам. Person-hire stays a neighbour. РБЕ sense 2 of наемам is taking someone for temporary work against payment. The one-volume government is Кого, example Наех двама работници. Гуляшки’s Наеха го за цигулар puts the person in го and the role in за цигулар. That за is not a sum and not a flat.

EN ⇄ BG valency strip

Each row lines up one English slot with its Bulgarian slot. The alignment type says what happens to the slot: = (same status), shift (structural ↔ oblique), or a lexical split of the subject’s direction. Printed lines come first. The one constructed Bulgarian sentence joins two printed shapes and adds no preposition. It shows the working alignment, not frequency, and not a bilingual corpus.

English–Bulgarian valency alignment for rent / давам под наем, one row per argument
Slot	EN form	BG form	Align	EN example	BG example
Lessor as subject	SUBJ of rent … to · SUBJ of rent out · SUBJ of let	subject of давам / дам + под наем · отдавам под наем is the other lessor verb	= for this direction · the phrase is not the lessee’s · Russian uses сдавать · French louer keeps both	let the room gloss of the one-volume example	Давам стаята под наем one-volume · го даваше под наем РБЕ · Йовков
Lessee as subject	SUBJ of rent … from · SUBJ of hire	subject of наемам / наема	lexical split · one English verb, a different Bulgarian lemma · Russian uses снимать · Dutch uses huren	rent a flat gloss	Наех хубав апартамент one-volume · наемаше евтин апартамент РБЕ · Димов
Lessee (на)	to + DP	на + a noun, or a dative clitic · unfilled in the rent example	English to is not a printed person-phrase inside под наем · Polish and Russian write a dative · a full Bulgarian noun has no dative ending	to a student English only	на кого one-volume · government · unfilled · на студентки РБЕ · Вазов · квартира, not под наем
Lessor (source)	from + DP	от unprinted on active наемам	English from is not a printed от of an owner · Russian writes у+GEN on the lessee verb · Polish writes od+GEN	from the owner English only	от — unprinted on the active · not constructed as a frame · от еснафа РБЕ · passive agent · the taker
Property	OBJ	the one object · no case ending · or the subject of се даваха	=	rent a room gloss	стаята · го · апартамент one-volume · РБЕ
Price	for + MeasureP	the noun наем · срещу заплащане in the phrase gloss	English for + a sum is not a printed verb phrase · the printed sum is the noun	a monthly rent for a flat gloss of the noun example	Месечен наем за квартира one-volume · noun · Срещу заплащане РБЕ · phrase
Period	time expression · status open	за два дни · за десетина деня · Месечен on the noun	printed · argument vs adjunct open · not a price за	for two days gloss	за два дни РБЕ · Δ

The strip below is a set of small multiples. Each card holds one frame, with English on top and Bulgarian under it. The lessor card is давам под наем. The lessee-subject card is наемам, and its source phrase is unprinted. The passive card is се даваха под наем. The price card keeps the noun’s sum apart from the verb.

EN · BG · под наем = lessor

давам под наем

I let the room.

Давам стаята под наем.

BG · one-volume · sense 2 · government Какво, на кого/какво · the room is the object · на кого is not in the sentence · no price · Polish and Russian dative lessees are the other languages’ marking, unprinted here as a case ending

RolesHide roles LessorProperty

Lessor subject of давам Property стаята Phrase под наем

Move English to a person → government label, unfilled · the lessee as subject is наемам

EN · BG · lessee = subject

наемам

I rented a nice flat.

Наех хубав апартамент.

BG · one-volume · Какво. Вземам под наем. · the flat is the object · no от · Wiktionary glosses this lemma lease, rent, charter

RolesHide roles LesseeProperty

Lessee subject of наех Property хубав апартамент

Move English rent … from → наемам · от unprinted

EN · BG · noun = the sum

наем

a monthly rent for a flat

Месечен наем за квартира.

BG · one-volume · noun наем · no finite verb · not a за-MeasureP of давам or наемам · РБЕ’s phrase gloss is payment for temporary use

RolesHide roles Price

Noun наем Rate месечен

Move for + MeasureP on the verb → unprinted · the sum is the noun

EN · BG · се даваха = the rooms

се даваха под наем

Three of the rooms were let.

три от които се даваха под наем

BG · РБЕ · noun наем · Константинов · the rooms are the subject · a lessee-subject of this passive is unprinted

RolesHide roles Property

Property the rooms · promoted

Move се даваха promotes the property · the lessee does not become the subject in the lines read

Examples

Argument difference. English rent the house to a student and rent a house from the owner keep one verb and put the direction in to or from, and the price in for. Bulgarian writes the lessor examples with давам or дам plus под наем, and the lessee examples with наемам or наема. A person inside the под наем clause, a lessor after от on the active lessee verb, and a sum after за are unprinted. Polish writes a dative lessee on one aspect pair. Russian writes a dative lessee on сдавать and у plus genitive on снимать. A full Bulgarian noun has neither of those case endings. The property is the one object on both lemmas. се даваха под наем promotes that property.

Dictionary lines · checked · quoted as printed

Какво, на кого/какво. Предоставям за ползване. Давам стаята под наем. · imperfective давам · perfective дам one-volume · rechnik.chitanka.info · давам sense 2 · на кого unfilled · no sum

ДА̀ВАМ, imperfective; дам, aorist да̀дох · temporary-use subsense of sense 4 · го даваше под наем · Дава ми бай Николчо коня си · Тя дава квартира само на студентки непушачки РБЕ · ibl.bas.bg · давам · Йовков · Вазов · the clitic and на are not in the под наем clause

Какво. Давам за временно използване. Отдавам под наем. · imperfective отдавам · perfective отдам one-volume · отдавам sense 1 · Какво only · sense 3 is Приписвам, not this frame

Какво. Вземам под наем. Наех хубав апартамент. · imperfective наемам · perfective наема · sense 2 Кого. Наех двама работници. one-volume · наемам · no от · no sum · person-hire is the other sense

НАЀМАМ, imperfective; наѐма, aorist наѐх · sense 1 Вземам нещо под наем · Димов · Кремен · Вежинов · Каралийчев · Геновска · Δ Наех велосипед за два дни РБЕ · наемам · no lessor · no sum

Сума, която наемателят заплаща на собственика · Под наем. Срещу заплащане · се даваха под наем · вземаше под наем воденици РБЕ · наем · Константинов · Караславов

Заплащане за временно ползване на нещо. Месечен наем за квартира. one-volume · наем · the sum is not a verb frame

sense 11 Придобивам правото да ползвам нещо срещу заплащане; наемам · вземаше под наем воденици · вземаха земя под аренда РБЕ · вземам · the one-volume article does not print под наем and files взимам as a misspelling

to lease, rent, charter · to hire, engage · imperfective · perfective наема English Wiktionary · наемам · no от · no за

The string below that is not in the block above is constructed. It joins the one-volume object and phrase стаята под наем with the perfective даде, the form РБЕ’s other citations of дам print and whose aorist the header lists as дадох. It adds no на of a person and no за of a sum. It is not a dictionary line.

✓ Давам стаята под наем.

RolesHide roles Property

Property стаята Phrase под наем

one-volume · sense 2 · на кого unfilled · no price

✓ сега го даваше под наем

RolesHide roles LessorProperty

Lessor subject of даваше Property го · the inn

РБЕ · Йовков · object clitic · no recipient · no price

✓ Наех хубав апартамент.

RolesHide roles LesseeProperty

Lessee subject of наех Property хубав апартамент

one-volume · perfective aorist · no от · no price

✓ Наех велосипед за два дни.

RolesHide roles Property

Property велосипед Period за два дни

РБЕ · Δ · no cited author · за is the period · not a price

✓ три от които се даваха под наем

RolesHide roles Property

Property three of the rooms · promoted

РБЕ · Константинов · passive · no lessee subject

✓ Той даде стаята под наем.

RolesHide roles LessorProperty

Lessor той Property стаята

constructed · стаята под наем has the shape of the one-volume example · даде is the perfective of the pair whose aorist РБЕ lists as дадох · no person · no sum · the combination is not one dictionary line

✓ давам / дам + под наем · subject lets the thing one-volume sense 2 · РБЕ sense 4 · Йовков
✓ наемам / наема · subject takes the thing one-volume sense 1 · РБЕ sense 1
✓ the thing is the one object стаята · го · апартамент
✓ на кого is the government · a full noun has no dative ending unfilled in the rent example · на студентки is квартира
✓ под наем is payment for temporary use РБЕ · a за-sum on the verb is unprinted
✓ Месечен наем за квартира one-volume · noun · not the verb frame
✓ за два дни РБЕ · Δ · not a sum
✓ се даваха под наем РБЕ · the rooms are the subject
✓ вземаше под наем воденици РБЕ · lessee-side periphrasis · взимам is not the headword

под наем, на, and the two lemmas

The phrase is an operation on the lessor examples, and on the вземам periphrasis. It does not add a lessee inside the clause, and it does not put both directions on one verb.

Printed order of под наем. In the lessor lines read, the phrase follows the object. Давам стаята под наем. го даваше под наем. Отдавам под наем prints the phrase and no object. Караславов’s lessee periphrasis puts the phrase before the object: вземаше под наем воденици. A person between the verb and the phrase, inside those clauses, is unprinted. It is not constructed as a rule.

не is unprinted on these verbs. No entry read here places не on давам под наем, отдавам под наем, наемам, or вземам под наем. A position for it is not given. There is no genitive of negation in those lines, because negation itself is unprinted. On продавам the object stays under не. That line is not copied here as a frame of the rental.

Aspect pairs, as the headers print them. РБЕ’s header of давам is imperfective давам, perfective дам, aorist дадох, participle дал, passive participle даден. The one-volume header prints the same pair and files the paradigm table under the imperfective. РБЕ’s header of наемам is imperfective наемам, perfective наема, aorist наех. The one-volume example Наех is that perfective. The one-volume header of отдавам pairs it with отдам. The one-volume header of вземам pairs it with взема. The pairs are lemma forms. They are not a ranking of the rental’s time.

Passive. The finite passive of the lessor phrase that is printed is се даваха под наем. The subject is the rooms. The finite passives printed with наемам се, наема се страд. are да се наеме още една кола and ханът … се нае … от дикиджийския еснаф. The subject is the cart or the inn. от on the inn line is the agent, the party that took the inn, and за десетина деня is the period. A passive that makes the lessee the subject and leaves the room as object is unprinted. It is not starred. The matching promotion on продавам is not a lessee of a rental.

на is not a dative ending. The one-volume government writes на кого. A full noun after на has the form it has elsewhere. РБЕ’s dative clitics in the давам article include ми on the horse, in the temporary-use subsense, and им doubled with a bracketed на телците in the feeding sense. The под наем clause prints neither a clitic nor на plus a person. продавам is where a dative clitic му / ѝ / им is described as able to double на plus a noun. No such doubling is printed on the rent lines read here.

A question for the price. It is not in the rental senses read. One-volume sense 7 prints Колко даваш за този апартамент? That question belongs to naming a price, beside the sale sense. It is not под наем. No question word is added to the rental frame.

Derivations · working sketches, revisable

Each sketch is a working drawing, not a locked analysis. The point of the drawing is a lessor shape with давам plus под наем, a lessee shape with наемам, one object, and a price that the dictionaries put on the noun наем. A filled на-person inside the rent clause and an от-lessor on the active lessee verb are not in the drawing, because they are unprinted there. Open one sketch at a time. Which theta role is the object in this low domain is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.

Voice · the subject’s direction is the lemma

Two external arguments · под наем on the lessor examples · the other party is not in Voice

[VoiceP  Voice                     ← Lessor, давам / дам под наем
  … стаята …]

[VoiceP  Voice                     ← Lessee, наемам / наема
  … апартамент …]

✓ Давам стаята под наем · Наех хубав апартамент one-volume · two lemmas

English rent allows either external argument and puts the direction in to or from. French louer allows either external argument. The Bulgarian lessor examples in the lines read are давам под наем and отдавам под наем. наемам is the lessee’s external argument in the examples. The phrase is not given a seat as a second argument.

на unfilled in the rent example · от unprinted on the active

The printed lessor line has the phrase and the object · a person PP is not in that tree · working

[VoiceP Voice                         ← Lessor
  [VP давам
     [Theme стаята ]
     [PP под наем ]]]                  ← printed · на кого unfilled

[VoiceP Voice                         ← Lessee, наемам
  [VP наех
     [Theme хубав апартамент ]]]       ← от unprinted

стаята and под наем are printed. A person after на is not added to that clause. за of a sum beside them is unprinted and is not drawn. The two trees are two lemmas. A single clause with both a на-lessee and an от-lessor is unprinted. Polish draws the lessee of wynająć as a dative. Russian draws the lessee of сдавать as a dative and the lessor of снимать as у plus genitive. The Bulgarian drawing has на as a government label and no case ending on the noun. A person phrase is not in the rent example.

✓ Давам стаята под наем · Наех хубав апартамент one-volume

под наем the phrase · the aspect pair the header

A prepositional phrase beside the light verb · aspect pairs named in the headers · not a bound prefix

Давам стаята под наем               ← one-volume · imperfective · phrase after the object
го даваше под наем                   ← РБЕ · Йовков · clitic object
Отдавам под наем                     ← one-volume · Какво only · same direction
вземаше под наем воденици            ← РБЕ · phrase before the object · glossed наемам
дам, дадох                           ← РБЕ header · perfective of давам
наема, наех                          ← РБЕ header · perfective of наемам

The sourced pieces are the phrase, the two lemmas, the second lessor verb отдавам, and the headers’ pairs. The working analysis, revisable, is that под наем is a fixed phrase, not a case of the room and not a prefix of the verb. Dutch ver- on verhuren is a bound prefix. Norwegian ut on leie ut is a particle. Hungarian bérbe is an illative noun. None of those is this phrase. The aspect pair is the header’s imperfective and perfective. It is not drawn as a second object.

✓ под наем · дадох · наех one-volume · РБЕ

Price · the noun наем · за + a sum on the verb unprinted

The phrase gloss is payment · the numeral of money is unprinted on the verb · the period’s за is not that sum

Под наем. Срещу заплащане           ← РБЕ · phrase
Месечен наем за квартира             ← one-volume · noun · за is the flat
за два дни                           ← РБЕ · Δ · this за is the period
за кратки разходки                   ← РБЕ · Вежинов · purpose of the trip
за + a numeral on давам / наемам     ← unprinted · not drawn as a MeasureP

✓ Срещу заплащане · Месечен наем за квартира · за два дни РБЕ · one-volume

The noun’s sum is not a за-MeasureP of давам под наем. наем is printed. Месечен is the rate on the noun. за квартира is the thing the sum is for. РБЕ’s за два дни holds a period, and the line is marked Δ. On снимать a citation puts a sum in за. No such citation is in the Bulgarian rental senses read. A constructed за-sum is not added. On продавам the price is за plus one MeasureP. That sale is not this verb.

English, Polish, and Russian · where the direction and the lessee are written

Direction in the preposition, in the case, or in the lemma · a person phrase printed or unprinted · working · no English rent page

[VoiceP Pat Voice                      ← Lessor
  [ApplP Chris Appl                     ← Lessee
    [VP √RENT [Theme the house ]]]]     ← English: to Chris · for a sum
                                        · Polish: wynająć … Chris-DAT
                                        · Russian: сдать … ему
                                        · Bulgarian: давам под наем · на unfilled

[VoiceP Chris Voice                     ← Lessee
  [VP √RENT [Theme the house ]
     [PP from Pat ]]]                   ← English: from Pat
                                        · Polish: od+GEN · Russian: у+GEN
                                        · Bulgarian: наемам · от unprinted

English rent keeps both directions and writes them as to and from, with the price in for. Polish keeps both directions on one aspect pair and writes the lessee as a dative. Russian changes the lemma and writes the lessee of the lessor lemma as a dative, and the lessor of the lessee lemma as у plus genitive. Bulgarian changes the lemma, writes the recipient slot as на plus a noun with no case ending, and the entries read here do not fill that slot inside под наем and do not print the owner under от. That is where the frame diverges from the English gloss, and where it diverges again from Polish and Russian: the gloss is one verb with to, from, and for; the Polish and Russian frames write a dative; the Bulgarian frames are two lemmas, with на as a preposition and the numeral on the noun наем.

Layer-by-layer parallel: English rent, Bulgarian давам под наем and наемам, Polish wynająć, Russian сдавать
Layer	rent (EN) · no page	давам под наем	наемам	wynająć	сдавать
Spec,Voice	lessor or lessee	Lessor · отдавам под наем is the other lessor verb	Lessee · вземам под наем is the periphrasis	either · one aspect pair	Lessor · снимать is the other lemma
other party	to or from	на кого in the government · unfilled in the example · no dative ending	от of an owner unprinted · passive от is the taker	dative lessee · od+GEN or u+GEN lessor	dative lessee · у+GEN on снимать
object	the thing	the one object · стаята, го · rooms as subject of се даваха	the one object · апартамент, велосипед	accusative · genitive of that object under nie where that page prints it	accusative · a room or a flat
phrase	out on rent out · the bare verb stays two-way	под наем after the object in the lines read · not a case ending	the gloss is Вземам под наем · the example has no phrase	no phrase required · both directions on the verb	в аренду / внаём often beside the lessor verb
Price	for · MeasureP	срещу заплащане in the phrase gloss · за-sum unprinted	the definition’s payment · за-sum unprinted	za in the definition · numeral unprinted	за+ACC where a sum is printed
Period	open	unprinted on the lessor examples read · unranked	за два дни · Δ · unranked	na miesiąc / na rok · unranked	на+ACC where a duration is printed · unranked

On давам под наем, the subject lets the thing, and the rent example does not name who receives the use. On наемам, the subject is the one who takes the use, and no owner is named. On wynająć one verb takes either subject, and the lessee is dative when the subject lets the thing. The thing stays one object on both Bulgarian lemmas. под наем marks the lessor examples and the вземам periphrasis. It is not that object.

Notes

Working paper · October 2026 · Bulgarian micro-entry · Beyond Index 2

Commercial temporary transfer in Bulgarian. The lessor examples are давам под наем and дам. The one-volume dictionary also prints отдавам под наем. The lessee examples are наемам / наема. Lessor: subject of давам plus the phrase. Lessee: subject of наемам. A filled на-person inside the rent clause and an от-lessor on the active verb are unprinted. Property: the one object, no case ending. Price: the noun наем. A за-MeasureP on the verb is unprinted. Period: за два дни, marked Δ, unranked. вземам под наем and под аренда are named and are not pages.

BG micro-entry live Beyond Index 2 на-person unfilled от unprinted за-sum unprinted Period unranked NO leie ut live PL wynająć live RU сдавать live

Sense × language: rent · Bulgarian (давам под наем). One rental sense on this page, so no subscript. Lessee shape on this page, not given its own page: наемам / наема. вземам под наем is noted from РБЕ; it is not a second page. Not this frame: person-hire, one-volume sense 7 of давам, отдавам sense 3 Приписвам, под аренда. No English rent hub. Geometry neighbors: rent · leie ut · rent · verhuren · rent · wynajmować / wynająć · rent · сдавать / сдать · rent · vermieten · sell · продавам · pay_GIVE · плащам. Index 2 Bulgarian Transfer cites разменям / обменям, давам — that давам is the exchange citation, not под наем.

Places
EN ⇄ BG strip
Examples
под наем, на, and the lemmas
Derivations
Hierarchy
Geometry
Open items
Corpus and sources

Working paper. Bulgarian micro-entry, headword давам под наем. The frames were read in the multi-volume Речник на българския език (Институт за български език, БАН) under давам, наемам, наем, and вземам, and in the one-volume text at rechnik.chitanka.info under давам, наемам, отдавам, наем, and вземам, and in the English Wiktionary under наемам. Those sources print a lessor phrase, one object, a lessee subject of наемам, payment in the phrase gloss, and the sum on the noun наем.

Constructed examples. Dictionary lines are marked as printed. Той даде стаята под наем is constructed on the one-volume object and phrase and on the perfective of the pair. A filled на-person inside that clause, an от-lessor, and a за-sum are not constructed as frames.

Arity. Index 2 does not list this rental. Index 2 Bulgarian Transfer is разменям / обменям, давам. That давам is the exchange citation. Surface count can name a lessor, a lessee, a property, and a price. The lexicon does not list them as four co-arguments of one flat verb. The lemma chooses the direction. Voice adds one party. The root takes the thing. A period in за два дни is not filed as a fifth sister. под наем is the phrase, not a second object.

What this page does not do. Person-hire and one-volume sense 7 of давам stay off this rental frame. отдавам sense 3 stays the ascribe neighbour. вземам под наем and под аренда stay on this page. No English page of rent is opened. No second Bulgarian page is opened for наемам or for отдавам.

Hierarchy

Not a flat grid of four sisters of one verb. A flat grid would give наемам a lessor under от in the examples, or give давам под наем a printed person in на, or treat the period’s за as a sum. давам под наем shows a lessor subject, the phrase, and one object. наемам shows a lessee subject and one object.

The compensation wording is the phrase and the noun. A за-sum on the verb is unprinted. за два дни is not a price. The sum is the noun наем.

What Bulgarian changes, against the English gloss rent, is the lemma of the direction and the marking of the recipient. English writes to and from on one verb, and for on the sum. Bulgarian writes давам под наем for the lessor and наемам for the lessee, writes a full-noun recipient as на plus the noun, and does not print that person inside the rent example, от of an owner, or за of a sum. What Bulgarian changes against Polish and Russian is the case. Those languages write a dative lessee. Bulgarian writes a preposition, and the noun has no dative ending.

Geometry · давам под наем beside the live roots

In the one-volume line, a room is let, and no person is named. In Йовков’s line, the inn is the clitic го, and no person is named. In Наех хубав апартамент, the subject takes the use, and no source is named. под наем names the lessor examples and the вземам periphrasis. It does not name the person. A clause with only the room does not, by a preposition of one verb, say both directions. давам под наем says the subject lets it. наемам, in the examples, says the subject takes it.

English rent. One verb. The subject is the lessor with to, or the lessee with from. The price is for. The gloss matches both Bulgarian directions only by changing the lemma, and the Bulgarian lessee verb does not print from as от. No English page is opened.
English rent out and let. Lessor as subject. They match давам под наем as far as the subject. They do not match a printed to-person inside the phrase. They do not match наемам.
wynajmować / wynająć. Both directions on one aspect pair. The lessee is dative when the subject lets the thing. The lessor is od plus genitive or u plus genitive when the subject takes it. Bulgarian does not keep both directions on one verb, and does not put a dative ending on the noun.
сдавать / сдать. The lessor is the subject. The lessee is dative in the Bulgakov line. The lessee as subject is снимать, and the lessor on that verb is у plus genitive. Bulgarian prints на as a preposition and does not print от as that source.
leie ut. The lessor examples add the particle ut or bort. The lessee examples are bare leie. A person in til and av of a lessor are unprinted there. Bulgarian splits the lemma and writes the recipient slot as на, unfilled in the rent example. Both languages leave a for-sum unprinted on the verb and put the numeral on the noun, leie there and наем here.
verhuren. The lessor is the subject. From the 17th century the WNT names the lessee with aan. The other direction is huren. ver- is bound. Bulgarian под наем is a separate phrase, and the rent example does not print the person that Dutch prints as aan.
vermieten. The lessor is the subject. The lessee is a dative or an plus accusative. The other direction is mieten. Bulgarian prints the phrase and does not print a dative ending.
bérbe ad. The lessor lemmas are bérbe ad and kiad. The lessee lemma is bérel. The dative is printed on kiad. bérbe is an illative noun plus ad. Bulgarian под наем is a prepositional phrase plus давам. An ablative lessor is unprinted on the Hungarian lessee verb. от is unprinted here too.
louer. Both directions on one lemma. The ordinary other party is à. Bulgarian does not give the owner and the taker that one verb.
alquilar and affittare. Spanish keeps both directions on one lemma, and the a-phrase does not choose the party. Italian usually splits the theme, a dwelling against a movable. Bulgarian splits the direction by lemma and does not make that theme split: a room, a flat, a boat, a garden, a carriage, and a bicycle are all printed somewhere in the entries read.
продавам. The buyer is на plus a noun phrase, and the goods are the object, with a clitic го / я / ги. The price on that page is за plus one MeasureP. давам под наем does not print на of a person inside the rent example, and it does not print a numeral under за. The same letter на is not, in the lines read, the same filled argument. The sale is not a rental. Index 2 Transfer’s давам is the exchange citation, not this phrase.
плащам. The price root. On the noun наем, the definition says the tenant pays the owner. That payment is not a MeasureP of давам под наем. Събираше наеми от къщите collects the noun. It is not the rental verb.

Open items

A person after на inside давам … под наем. Unprinted in the one-volume example and in Йовков’s line. The government label is на кого. Вазов’s на студентки is дава квартира. Not starred. Not constructed as a frame.
от of the lessor on active наемам. Unprinted as a clause. Not starred. Not constructed as a frame. The passive от дикиджийския еснаф is the taker. от къщите stays on the noun наеми, with събираше.
A clitic doubled with на plus a lessee. Unprinted on the rent lines. Дава ми is the horse, with no на and no под наем. им [на телците] is the feeding sense. продавам describes the doubling and does not print a doubled buyer. Not moved onto this rental.
за of a sum on the verb. Unprinted. The phrase gloss is payment. The printed sum is the noun наем. Not constructed as a MeasureP of давам под наем.
за два дни and за десетина деня. Both are printed. The bicycle line is marked Δ. They are not in one clause with a sum. Argument versus adjunct is not ranked. Месечен stays on the noun.
не and a pronoun of the lessee. не on these rental verbs is unprinted. No order is constructed. The object clitic that is printed is Йовков’s го, the inn, not a lessee.
A lessee-subject of се даваха or of се нае. Unprinted. The printed passives promote the rooms, the cart, or the inn. Not starred.
взимам. The one-volume dictionary lists it as a misspelling of вземам. The periphrasis РБЕ prints is вземам под наем. Not given the rejected spelling as a headword.
отдавам sense 3. That sense is Приписвам. It is not the rental sense 1. Not moved onto под наем. Not a page.

Corpus filenames and sources checked

Dictionary frames: the multi-volume Речник на българския език at ibl.bas.bg, the verb давам, the verb наемам, the noun наем, and the verb вземам. The one-volume Речник на българския език at rechnik.chitanka.info, давам, наемам, отдавам, наем, and вземам. English Wiktionary, наемам. Constructed material is one clause, Той даде стаята под наем. Index 2 does not list this rental.

РБЕ · давам ibl.bas.bg · давам · imperfective · perfective дам · aorist дадох · sense 4 temporary-use subsense · Йовков го даваше под наем · Вазов Дава ми · дава квартира … на студентки
РБЕ · наемам наемам · imperfective · perfective наема · aorist наех · sense 1 · sense 2 person-hire · passive се нае … от еснафа
РБЕ · noun наем наем · the sum · Под наем · Константинов се даваха под наем · Караславов вземаше под наем воденици · Петканов търсеха ниви под наем
РБЕ · вземам вземам · sense 11 · gloss наемам · под аренда is the neighbour
one-volume · давам Chitanka · давам · sense 2 Какво, на кого/какво · Давам стаята под наем · perfective дам · sense 7 is a price question, not this phrase
one-volume · наемам · отдавам · наем · вземам наемам · Наех хубав апартамент · отдавам sense 1 Отдавам под наем · наем · Месечен наем за квартира · вземам · взимам a misspelling · под наем not on that article
English Wiktionary · наемам en.wiktionary · наемам · lease, rent, charter · hire, engage · perfective наема

Records давам под наем as the lessor examples and наемам as the lessee examples. Records отдавам под наем and вземам под наем. Records the noun наем as the sum, one object, and no dative ending on a full noun. Leaves a filled на-person inside the rent clause, an от-lessor, and a за-sum unprinted. Does not open a separate page for наемам, отдавам, вземам под наем, or под аренда.