rent · Hungarian (bérbe ad) — Event-Structure Dictionary

Arguments

Lessor, Lessee, Thing · price -ért in the definition · duration -ra/-re · the direction is a choice of lemma · working claim, revisable

Voice[Lessor of bérbe ad / kiad ∨ Lessee of bérel / bérbe vesz] + Lessee_-nak/-nek on kiad + Theme_ACC + Price in összegért / bérért + Duration_-ra/-re

A commercial rental, on this reading, has a Lessor, a Lessee, the Thing, and a Price. A period may be named in the same clause. They are not four or five equal sisters of one Hungarian verb. The lessor verb and the lessee verb are different lemmas. On bérbe ad and on kiad the subject is the one who lets the thing. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára prints the collocation Bérbe ad, kiad, vesz vmit: the thing is vmit, accusative. Wiktionary’s rent sense of kiad prints the other person as -nak/-nek, and the értelmező prints a kocsmárosnak. The bérbe ad entry itself does not print that dative. On bérel the subject is the one who takes the thing. The értelmező marks the verb tárgyas and prints accusatives: földet, gépkocsit, lakást. An ablative -tól/-től of the lessor is unprinted on bérel and on kibérel. The price suffix -ért is in the definition, on összegért and bérért. A numeral beside that suffix is unprinted. A period in the examples is sublative, a szezonra and két hétre, and is not ranked as an argument or as an adjunct.

What is different from the English gloss. English rent is direction-neutral. The subject can be either party, and the direction sits in the preposition: rent the flat to Chris (the subject lets it) and rent the flat from Chris (the subject takes it). Hungarian does not keep the choice inside one lemma. Wiktionary glosses bérbe ad as rent out and glosses bérel as occupying the premises. The antonym of bérbe ad on that entry is bérbe vesz. The synonym of the rent sense of kiad is bérbe ad, and the antonyms are kivesz and bérbe vesz. Rent … to and let match bérbe ad and kiad. Rent … from matches bérel and bérbe vesz. The frames diverge at the lemma. They diverge again at the lessee’s marker: the dative is printed on kiad, and it is not printed on the bérbe ad entry. They diverge a third time because the lessor’s source marker on bérel is unprinted. German vermieten versus mieten, and Russian сдавать versus снимать, split the direction onto two lemmas the same way. French louer does not. Polish wynająć keeps both directions on one pair.

Places · who wears which marking

The értelmező and Wiktionary do not put lessor, lessee, thing, a sum, and a period in one clause. The Móricz line of kiad has the lessor subject, a dative, and the thing, and no price. The bérel examples have the thing, and two of them have a sublative period, and no person who lets it.

Printed lessor frame · dative lessee · accusative thing

✓ Kiadta az összes földet a kocsmárosnak. Értelmező szótár · kiad sense 5 · Móricz Zsigmond

He let all the land to the innkeeper.

Printed lessee frame · accusative thing · no source phrase

✓ Földet, gépkocsit, lakást, lovat, kocsit, porszívót, zongorát bérel. Értelmező szótár · bérel sense 1

He rents land, a car, a flat, a horse, a cart, a vacuum cleaner, a piano.

Places of bérbe ad, kiad, and bérel: introducer, Hungarian marking, case status, English and sibling marking
Place	Introduced by (working)	Hungarian marking	Case status	English and the live siblings
Lessor	Spec,Voice of bérbe ad and of kiad	nominative subject of the lessor verb	no source phrase is printed on bérel · ablative -tól/-től is unprinted · it is not starred	subject of rent … to, of rent out, and of let · from of rent … from · subject of vermieten · у+GEN on снимать
Lessee	dative on kiad · Spec,Voice of bérel and of bérbe vesz	-nak/-nek on the rent sense of kiad · a kocsmárosnak · nominative subject of bérel	Wiktionary’s frame line of kiad prints -nak/-nek · the bérbe ad entry does not · pesti nyaralónak is a second dative in the Nagy line, and the entry does not label its role	to when the English subject is the lessor · subject of rent … from · dative or an of vermieten · dative of сдать in the Bulgakov line
Thing	complement of the rent root	accusative · vmit · lakást, szobát, szobánkat, földet, házat, nyaralóját, gépkocsit	the értelmező marks bérel and this sense of kiad tárgyas · a case change of that object under nem is unprinted	direct object · accusative of vermieten and of сдавать
Price	-ért in the bérel definition	összegért · bérért	definition prose · a numeral MeasureP under -ért is unprinted · not given a seat as a filled sister	for + MeasureP · für where a German source prints the sum · за+ACC where a sum is printed
Duration	sublative -ra/-re · unranked	a szezonra · két hétre · definition prose időre	printed as time wording · argument versus adjunct unprinted · not given a seat as a fifth sister	for a period · на+ACC on снять · na+ACC on wynająć
bérbe	illative of bér · verbal modifier of ad, working	the headword spells bérbe before ad · kiadta bérbe puts it after the finite verb	Wiktionary: the noun bérbe does not inflect; the verb is ad · a split under nem is unprinted for bérbe and is printed for ki-	no piece of English rent · German ver- of vermieten is not this illative noun

Marking map. The lemma chooses the direction. Read the verb, then the case. -ért is not the marker of the other party. Sublative -ra/-re is not that marker either.

Accusative of the thing. Értelmező, bérel sense 1: Földet, gépkocsit, lakást, lovat, kocsit, porszívót, zongorát bérel. Also Két hold szőlőt bérelt, Kabint bérelt, csónakot béreltünk, kerékpárt béreltek, Móra húsz holdat, Móricz az egész területet. Értelmező, kiad sense 5: Egy szobát kiadott, Nyaralóját kiadta bérbe, az összes földet, a házat. Wiktionary: Kiadom az egyik szobánkat. The noun bér, sense 3, lists Bérbe ad, kiad, vesz vmit. The accusative is the thing whose use is transferred for a time. It is not the price.
Nominative of the lessor, on bérbe ad and on kiad. Wiktionary glosses bérbe ad as to rent something out, and glosses this sense of kiad as to rent out. The finite subjects in the lines read let the thing: Kiadta, Kiadom. The lessee is not the subject of those lines. English rent can still take the lessee as subject. These lemmas do not.
Dative of the lessee, on kiad. Wiktionary’s rent sense: “to someone: -nak/-nek.” Értelmező: Kiadta az összes földet a kocsmárosnak. kocsmárosnak is the person who receives the use of the land. Nagy Lajos, in the same sense: kiadta a házat bérbe, pesti nyaralónak. That second dative is printed. The entry does not say whether nyaralónak is the lessee or a use. The bérbe ad article does not print -nak/-nek. The dative is attested on the synonym kiad. It is not in the bérbe ad entry, and it is not in every printed line of kiad. Egy szobát kiadott and Kiadom az egyik szobánkat have the thing and no person.
Nominative of the lessee, on bérel and on bérbe vesz. The értelmező gloss of bérel sense 1 is igénybe vesz, használ; bérbe vesz. Wiktionary’s gloss is to occupy premises in exchange for rent. Wiktionary’s bérbe vesz is the same direction: etymology bér + -be + vesz ‘to take’, synonym bérel, antonym bérbe ad. The lessor verb is not these lemmas.
Ablative of the lessor, unprinted. No line read here puts -tól/-től on bérel, on kibérel, or on bérbe vesz. The értelmező government of bérel is the accusative thing. Wiktionary’s bérel entry prints no case frame. On снимать the lessor is у plus genitive. On wynająć the lessor, when the subject takes the thing, is od plus genitive or u plus genitive. Hungarian does not print that party on the lessee verb. It is not starred. A source phrase is not filled in.
-ért in the definition. Értelmező, bérel sense 1: meghatározott összegért és időre, or kialkudott bérért és időre. összegért and bérért wear -ért. Neither example of the sense prints a numeral under that suffix. -ért here is the price wording of the definition. It is not a second accusative, and it is not the other party. No dictionary line read here stacks -ért with the dative of kiad.
Duration, sublative. Kabint bérelt a szezonra a strandfürdőn. Két hétre csónakot béreltünk. a szezonra and két hétre are -ra/-re. The definition’s időre is the same suffix inside the gloss. No entry ranks the period as an argument or as an adjunct. It is not a second price. Russian на plus accusative and Polish na plus accusative are the other languages’ period cloth. This page does not copy them onto Hungarian.
bérbe and ad. Wiktionary’s etymology of bérbe ad is bér ‘rent, pay’ + -be ‘in’ + ad ‘to give’. The entry for bérbe calls that form the illative singular of bér. The conjugation note says the inflected noun bérbe remains unchanged, and the verb to conjugate is ad. Értelmező sense 5 of kiad is <Bérleményt> bérbe, bérletbe ad, and the examples put bérbe after the finite verb: Nyaralóját kiadta bérbe, kiadta a házat bérbe. In those lines ki- stays written on ad. Wiktionary prints a split for that prefix, not for bérbe: “The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem ad ki or ki is ad.” A string in which bérbe follows ad under nem is not in the entries read. See derivations.
kibérel and felbérel, one paragraph, not pages. The értelmező lists felbérel and kibérel as igekötős igék of bérel. A search for kibérel as its own article did not serve a definition. Wiktionary’s synonym line of bérel names kibérel and bérbe vesz, and says those synonyms “refer to the beginning of renting, while the main verb often refers to the ongoing state.” That is the entry’s wording. It is not given a seat as a claim about the shape of the event. No case frame of kibérel is printed apart from the filing under bérel. Sense 2 of bérel is archaic and is a person: Egy vezetőt bérelt, and the entry glosses one line with Felbérel. That accusative is a person hired for work. It is not the flat. No page is opened.

EN ⇄ HU valency strip

Each row lines up one English slot with its Hungarian slot. The alignment type says what happens to the slot: = (same status), shift (structural ↔ oblique), or a lexical split of the subject’s direction. Printed lines come first. Every other Hungarian sentence is constructed, modelled on a printed line. They show the working alignment, not frequency, and not a bilingual corpus.

English–Hungarian valency alignment for rent / bérbe ad, one row per argument
Slot	EN form	HU form	Align	EN example	HU example
Lessor as subject	SUBJ of rent … to · SUBJ of rent out and of let	subject of bérbe ad and of kiad	= for this direction · the lemma is not the lessee’s · French louer keeps both	I rent out one of our rooms. Wiktionary’s translation	Kiadom az egyik szobánkat. English Wiktionary · kiad
Lessee as subject	SUBJ of rent … from	subject of bérel · subject of bérbe vesz	lexical split · one English verb, another Hungarian lemma · German uses mieten · Russian uses снимать	He rents a flat. gloss	lakást … bérel Értelmező szótár
Lessee (dative)	to + DP	-nak/-nek on kiad	shift · English to → dative · the bérbe ad entry does not print the suffix	to the innkeeper gloss of kocsmárosnak	a kocsmárosnak Értelmező szótár · Móricz · -nak/-nek Wiktionary · kiad
Lessor (source)	from + DP	unprinted	English from has no printed Hungarian cloth on bérel · Russian writes у+GEN on the lessee verb	from Pat English only	— unprinted · not constructed as a frame
Thing	OBJ	accusative · vmit	=	rent a flat gloss	lakást · szobánkat · földet Értelmező szótár · Wiktionary
Price	for + MeasureP	-ért on összeg and on bér	definition prose · a numeral MeasureP is unprinted	for a sum gloss	összegért · bérért Értelmező szótár · definition · no numeral
Duration	time expression · status open	sublative -ra/-re	printed · argument vs adjunct open	for the season · for two weeks gloss	a szezonra · két hétre Értelmező szótár
bérbe	no separate piece of rent	illative noun, unchanged · verb ad	light verb · the split under nem is printed for ki-, not for bérbe	—	bérbe ad Wiktionary headword · kiadta bérbe Értelmező szótár · nem ad ki Wiktionary · the prefix of kiad

The strip below is a set of small multiples. Each card holds one frame, with English on top and Hungarian under it. The dative card is kiad. The lessee-subject card is bérel, and it has no source phrase. The bérbe card is the illative with ad.

EN · HU · dative = lessee

kiad

He let all the land to the innkeeper.

Kiadta az összes földet a kocsmárosnak.

HU · Értelmező szótár · Móricz · nominative lessor in the verb · dative lessee · accusative thing · Wiktionary prints the same person as -nak/-nek and does not print it on bérbe ad

RolesHide roles LessorLesseeThing

Lessor subject of kiadta Dative kocsmárosnak Thing földet

Move English to → -nak on kiad · the lessee as subject is bérel, not this verb

EN · HU · lessee = subject

bérel

He rents a flat.

lakást … bérel

HU · Értelmező szótár · accusative thing · no -tól/-től · Russian у+GEN is the other language’s cloth of this party · German von on mieten is unprinted there too

RolesHide roles LesseeThing

Lessee subject of bérel Thing lakást

Move English rent … from → another lemma · the from-phrase is unprinted

EN · HU · bérbe = illative

bérbe ad

rent out

Nyaralóját kiadta bérbe.

HU · Értelmező szótár · bérbe after kiadta · Wiktionary etymology bér + illative -be + ad ‘give’ · the noun does not inflect

RolesHide roles Thing

Thing nyaralóját Illative bérbe

= light verb ad · bérbe is not a second accusative and not the lessee

EN · HU · -ra = period

a szezonra

He rented a cabin for the season.

Kabint bérelt a szezonra

HU · Értelmező szótár · sublative beside bérelt · két hétre is the same suffix · argument versus adjunct unprinted · not на and not -ért

RolesHide roles Thing

Thing kabint -ra szezonra · period

= a printed period · not the marker that chooses lessor or lessee

Examples

Argument difference. English rent the flat to Chris and rent the flat from Chris keep one verb and put the direction in to or from. The best English match of the whole pair of Hungarian frames is still rent, because let and rent out have only the lessor as subject. The frames diverge at the lemma. bérbe ad and kiad have the lessor as subject. bérel and bérbe vesz have the lessee as subject. The dative of the lessee is printed on kiad. It is not printed on bérbe ad. The ablative of the lessor is unprinted on bérel. German splits the direction as vermieten versus mieten, and the German page does not print von of the lessor. Russian prints у on снимать. Hungarian prints neither an ablative nor у.

Dictionary lines · checked · quoted as printed

tárgyas ige · meghatározott összegért és időre … igénybe vesz, használ; bérbe vesz. · Földet, gépkocsit, lakást … bérel. · Kabint bérelt a szezonra · Két hétre csónakot béreltünk. · Igekötős igék: felbérel; kibérel. Értelmező szótár · bérel sense 1 · -ért is definition prose · no -tól

Bérbe ad, kiad, vesz vmit. Értelmező szótár · bér sense 3 · collocation · accusative vmit · no dative in this line

<Bérleményt> bérbe, bérletbe ad. · Egy szobát kiadott. · Nyaralóját kiadta bérbe. · Kiadta az összes földet a kocsmárosnak. · kiadta a házat bérbe, pesti nyaralónak. Értelmező szótár · kiad sense 5 · Móricz · Nagy Lajos

(transitive, idiomatic) to rent something, rent out · synonym kiad · antonym bérbe vesz · bér + -be + ad ‘to give’ · the noun bérbe remains unchanged · for the verb, see ad English Wiktionary · bérbe ad · no -nak/-nek · no nem ad bérbe

to rent out (to someone: -nak/-nek) · Kiadom az egyik szobánkat. · synonym bérbe ad · The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem ad ki or ki is ad. English Wiktionary · kiad sense 3

(transitive) to rent · synonyms kibérel, bérbe vesz English Wiktionary · bérel · the synonym note says those two refer to the beginning, and bérel often to the ongoing state · no case frame

Strings below that are not in the block above are constructed, modelled on the printed lines. They are not spontaneous-speech citations and not dictionary lines. Pat / Chrisnek / a lakást continue the named-participant series. The dative Chrisnek has the shape of kocsmárosnak and of Wiktionary’s -nak/-nek. It is placed on bérbe ad only as that model. The bérbe ad entry does not print it.

✓ Kiadta az összes földet a kocsmárosnak.

RolesHide roles LessorLesseeThing

Lessor subject Dative kocsmárosnak Thing földet

Értelmező szótár · Móricz · lessor verb · one dative · no -ért · no bérbe in this line

✓ Nyaralóját kiadta bérbe.

RolesHide roles Thing

Thing nyaralóját Illative bérbe

Értelmező szótár · bérbe follows kiadta · ki- stays on the verb in this spelling · no dative

✓ Kabint bérelt a szezonra a strandfürdőn.

RolesHide roles LesseeThing

Lessee subject of bérelt Thing kabint -ra szezonra

Értelmező szótár · lessee verb · accusative · sublative period · no lessor phrase

✓ Pat bérbe adta Chrisnek a lakást.

RolesHide roles LessorLesseeThing

Lessor Pat Dative Chrisnek Thing lakást

constructed · the dative has the shape of kocsmárosnak and of Wiktionary’s -nak/-nek on kiad · the bérbe ad entry does not print it · the names are not a dictionary line

* Pat kiadta Christ a lakást.

RolesHide roles Other partyThing

Other party Christ · accusative Thing lakást

constructed · two accusatives · the printed other party on kiad is the dative, not a second accusative

✓ bérbe ad / kiad · subject lets the thing Wiktionary · Értelmező szótár · antonym bérbe vesz
✓ bérel · subject takes the thing Értelmező szótár · tárgyas · vmit
✓ dative lessee on kiad Wiktionary · -nak/-nek · Móricz · kocsmárosnak
✓ accusative thing lakást · szobánkat · földet
✓ összegért · bérért definition · numeral unprinted
✓ a szezonra · két hétre Értelmező szótár
✓ bérbe illative, verb ad Wiktionary etymology · noun unchanged
✓ nem ad ki Wiktionary · prefix of kiad · not a printed split of bérbe

Dative, illative, and the two lemmas

The case of the other party is an operation on a place the lemma has already chosen. It does not add a third party, and it does not put both directions on one verb.

The dative is the lessee of kiad. a kocsmárosnak in the Móricz line. Wiktionary’s frame line is -nak/-nek. The subject of that sense lets the thing. A clause with the thing and no person is also printed: Egy szobát kiadott, Kiadom az egyik szobánkat. The bérbe ad entry does not write -nak/-nek. A dative that the entries file as the owner, beside a lessee subject of bérbe ad, is not in the lines read.

The illative bérbe is not the lessee. It is the form of the noun bér. Wiktionary keeps it unchanged and conjugates ad. The értelmező can put it after kiadta. It does not mark the person. kocsmárosnak marks the person. The two are different phrases. The Nagy line prints both, bérbe and nyaralónak, and does not define the dative.

The two lemmas are the direction. Wiktionary’s antonym of bérbe ad is bérbe vesz. The antonyms of the rent sense of kiad are kivesz and bérbe vesz. English rent does not have that antonym pair inside one entry for a single verb. A clause with only the flat does not, by one suffix of bérel, become the lessor’s clause. The verb does that.

nem is not given a case change here. The rent objects in the lines read are accusative. No entry prints another case of that object under nem. Wiktionary’s nem ad ki splits the prefix of kiad and prints no object. A case change under negation is not filled in.

A question for the price. It is not in the dictionary entries read. The printed price wording is összegért and bérért, with no numeral. No question word is added.

Derivations · working sketches, revisable

Each sketch is a working drawing, not a locked analysis. The point of the drawing is two lemmas, one accusative object, a dative that the értelmező and Wiktionary print as the lessee of kiad, and an illative bérbe that does not inflect with ad. An ablative lessor is not in the drawing, because it is unprinted. Open one sketch at a time. Which theta role is the object in this low domain is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.

Voice · the subject’s direction is the lemma

Two external arguments · two lemmas · the other party is not in Voice

[VoiceP Pat Voice                  ← Lessor, kiad / bérbe ad
  … kocsmárosnak … földet …]

[VoiceP Pat Voice                  ← Lessee, bérel / bérbe vesz
  … lakást …]

✓ Kiadta az összes földet a kocsmárosnak · lakást … bérel Értelmező szótár · two lemmas

English rent allows either external argument and puts the direction in to or from. French louer allows either external argument. Hungarian bérbe ad and kiad are the lessor’s external argument in the lines read. Hungarian bérel and bérbe vesz are the lessee’s. Wiktionary’s parenthetical, that kibérel and bérbe vesz refer to the beginning and bérel often to the ongoing state, stays the entry’s wording. It is not a claim about the shape of the event.

Dative on kiad · no source on bérel

Low Appl is the dative lessee of kiad · the same dative on bérbe ad is constructed · working

[VoiceP Pat Voice                    ← Lessor, kiad
  [ApplP [kocsmárosnak]_DAT Appl      ← Lessee
    [VP √ad-
       [Theme földet ]_ACC ]]]        ← Thing

[VoiceP Pat Voice                    ← Lessee, bérel
  [VP √bérel-
     [Theme lakást ]_ACC ]]           ← no printed source PP

kocsmárosnak and földet are printed. Chrisnek and a lakást on bérbe ad are constructed on that dative. The two trees are two lemmas. A single clause with both a dative lessee and an ablative lessor is unprinted. Russian draws the source as у plus genitive on снимать. Nothing read here draws that phrase under bérel.

✓ a kocsmárosnak · -nak/-nek Móricz · Wiktionary · kiad

* Pat kiadta Christ a lakást. constructed · the lessee is not a second accusative

bérbe · light verb ad · separation is analysis

Illative noun, uninflected · ad conjugates · a postverbal bérbe under nem is not a dictionary line

bér + -be + ad                         ← Wiktionary etymology · headword bérbe ad
bérbe remains unchanged                ← conjugation note · verb = ad
Nyaralóját kiadta bérbe                ← Értelmező · bérbe after the finite verb · ki- stays on ad
nem ad ki                              ← Wiktionary · split of ki- · not of bérbe
nem adja bérbe a lakást                ← constructed · analysis · not printed

The sourced pieces are the etymology, the unchanged noun, the headword order bérbe ad, the postverbal bérbe of kiadta bérbe, and the split nem ad ki. The working analysis, revisable, is that bérbe is a verbal modifier of ad, the way ki- is a prefix of kiad, and that it leaves the preverbal slot under negation and under Focus. The dictionaries do not print nem ad bérbe or nem adja bérbe, and they do not print the word Focus. Pat nem adja bérbe a lakást is constructed on nem ad ki and on postverbal bérbe. It is not a citation. The split of ki- on kibérel is unprinted: no separate article was served.

✓ bérbe ad · kiadta bérbe · nem ad ki Wiktionary · Értelmező szótár

✓ Pat nem adja bérbe a lakást. constructed · analysis · not a dictionary line

Price · -ért in the definition · sublative unranked

The definition puts -ért on the sum-word and on bér · the examples put the period in -ra/-re

összegért                              ← Értelmező · bérel · definition · no numeral
bérért                                 ← same definition
a szezonra                             ← Kabint bérelt
két hétre                              ← csónakot béreltünk
időre                                  ← definition prose · same suffix as the period

✓ összegért · a szezonra · két hétre Értelmező szótár

No numeral is inside -ért in the lines read. összeg and bér are the nouns that wear the suffix. They are not an amount plus a unit. a szezonra is a period beside kabint. It is not a second price. No rent line read here rewrites the accusative thing under nem.

English, German, and Russian · where the direction is written

Direction in the preposition or in the lemma · working · no English rent page

[VoiceP Pat Voice                      ← Lessor
  [ApplP Chris Appl                     ← Lessee · to
    [VP √RENT [Theme the flat ]]]]      ← rent the flat to Chris
                                        · Hungarian: kiad … Chrisnek
                                        · German: vermieten
                                        · Russian: сдать … dative

[VoiceP Chris Voice                     ← Lessee
  [VP √RENT [Theme the flat ]
     [PP from Pat ]]]                   ← rent the flat from Pat
                                        · Hungarian: bérel · from unprinted
                                        · German: mieten · von unprinted
                                        · Russian: снять … у Пата

English rent keeps both directions and writes them as to and from. Hungarian changes the lemma. The lessee’s marker on the lessor lemma is the dative, and it is printed on kiad, not on the bérbe ad entry. The lessor’s marker on the lessee lemma is unprinted, where Russian prints у plus genitive. That is where the frame diverges from the English gloss: the gloss is one verb, and the Hungarian frames are two verbs, with a dative only where kiad prints it.

Layer-by-layer parallel: English rent, Hungarian bérbe ad and bérel, German vermieten, Russian сдавать
Layer	rent (EN) · no page	bérbe ad / kiad	bérel	vermieten	сдавать
Spec,Voice	lessor or lessee	Lessor	Lessee	Lessor · mieten is the other lemma	Lessor · снимать is the other lemma
other party	to or from	dative on kiad · unprinted on the bérbe ad entry	source unprinted · not -tól/-től in the lines read	dative, or an+ACC · von on mieten unprinted	dative on сдать in the Bulgakov line · у+GEN on снимать
object	the thing	accusative · vmit	accusative · lakást, földet, a vehicle, a piano	dwelling or vehicle	accusative · housing or, in Tolstoy, land
bérbe	—	illative of bér · ad inflects	bérbe vesz is the take-reading collocation	no illative noun on vermieten	в аренду / внаём are collocations, not this case
Price	for · MeasureP	unprinted as a numeral	összegért · bérért · numeral unprinted	für where a sum is printed	за plus a measure phrase where a sum is printed
Duration	open	unprinted on the lessor examples read	a szezonra · két hétre	period unranked	на+ACC

On kiad, the dative comes to have the use of the thing. On bérel, the subject is the one who takes the use, and no source phrase is printed. On vermieten the lessor is the subject and the lessee is a dative or an. The thing stays one accusative on both Hungarian lemmas. bérbe is a third phrase, the illative, and it is not that accusative.

Notes

Working paper · October 2026 · Hungarian micro-entry · Beyond Index 2

Commercial temporary transfer in Hungarian. The lessor lemmas are bérbe ad and kiad. The lessee lemmas are bérel and bérbe vesz. Lessor: nominative subject of bérbe ad / kiad. Lessee: dative -nak/-nek on kiad, or nominative subject of bérel. Thing: accusative. bérbe is the illative of bér, and ad is the verb that inflects. Price: -ért in the definition, numeral unprinted. Duration: sublative -ra/-re, unranked. An ablative lessor is unprinted. kibérel is named and is not a page.

HU micro-entry live Beyond Index 2 Dative unprinted on bérbe ad Ablative unprinted -ért numeral unprinted DE vermieten live RU сдавать live

Sense × language: rent · Hungarian (bérbe ad). One rental sense on this page, so no subscript. Lessee lemmas on this page, not given their own pages: bérel, bérbe vesz, kibérel. Not this frame: archaic bérel of a person, and felbérel. No English rent hub. Geometry neighbors: rent · vermieten · rent · сдавать / сдать · rent · wynajmować / wynająć · rent · louer · sell · elad · pay_GIVE · fizet. Index 2 Hungarian Transfer cites cserél / kicserél, ad — not bérbe ad.

Places
EN ⇄ HU strip
Examples
Dative, illative, and the lemmas
Derivations
Hierarchy
Geometry
Open items
Corpus and sources

Working paper. Hungarian micro-entry. The frames were read in A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (ertelmezo.oszk.hu) under bérel, kiad, and bér, and in the English Wiktionary entries bérbe ad, bérbe, bérbe vesz, bérel, and kiad. Those sources print an accusative of the thing, a lessor subject of bérbe ad and of kiad, a dative on kiad, an illative bérbe with the verb ad, -ért in the bérel definition, and a sublative period.

Constructed examples. Dictionary lines are marked as printed. Pat bérbe adta Chrisnek a lakást, Pat nem adja bérbe a lakást, and the rejected Christ a lakást are constructed on those lines.

Arity. Index 2 does not list bérbe ad. Index 2 Hungarian Transfer is cserél / kicserél, ad. Surface count can name a lessor, a lessee, a thing, and a price. The lexicon does not list them as four co-arguments of one flat verb. The lemma chooses the direction. Voice adds one party. The dative, on kiad, adds the lessee in the line that prints it. The root takes the thing. bérbe is the illative modifier of ad, not a second object. A period in -ra/-re is not filed as a fifth sister.

What this page does not do. bérel of a person, and felbérel, stay off this rental frame. kibérel and bérbe vesz stay on this page. No English page of rent is opened. No second Hungarian page is opened for the lessee verb. The Wiktionary note about the beginning and the ongoing state is not a claim about the shape of the event.

Hierarchy

Not a flat grid of four sisters of one verb. A flat grid would give bérbe ad a lessee subject, or give bérel the dative of kiad, or treat bérbe as a second accusative. kiad shows a lessor subject, an accusative thing, and a dative where the entry prints one. bérel shows a lessee subject and an accusative thing.

The price wording in the definition is -ért. összegért and bérért have no numeral. a szezonra is not a second price.

What Hungarian changes, against the English gloss rent, is the lemma of the direction. English writes to and from on one verb. Hungarian writes bérbe ad and kiad for the lessor as subject and bérel for the lessee as subject. What Hungarian changes against Russian is the lessor’s marker on the lessee verb. Russian writes у plus genitive. Hungarian prints no ablative. What Hungarian changes against the bérbe ad entry itself, inside the lessor pair, is the dative: kiad prints -nak/-nek, and bérbe ad prints vmit.

Geometry · bérbe ad beside the live roots

In the Móricz line, the innkeeper comes to have the use of the land. In the constructed Pat bérbe adta Chrisnek a lakást, Chris has that dative shape on the other lessor lemma. In lakást bérel, the subject takes the use, and no source is named. bérbe names the rent-relation of the light verb ad. It does not name the person. A clause with only the flat does not, by a suffix of one verb, say both directions. bérbe ad says the subject lets it. bérel says the subject takes it.

English rent. One verb. The subject is the lessor with to, or the lessee with from. The gloss matches both Hungarian directions only by changing the lemma. No English page is opened.
English rent out and let. Lessor as subject. Wiktionary’s gloss of bérbe ad is rent out. It matches bérbe ad and kiad. It does not match bérel.
vermieten. The lessor is the subject. The lessee is a dative or an. The other direction is mieten. von of the lessor on mieten is unprinted there. Hungarian likewise prints no source on bérel. German does not spell the lessor verb as an illative noun plus geben.
сдавать / сдать. The lessor is the subject. The lessee is dative in the Bulgakov line. The lessee as subject is снимать, and the lessor on that verb is у plus genitive. Hungarian prints the dative on kiad and does not print a source on bérel. Wikiszótár’s Russian gloss of bérel is брать напрокат. The Russian page files напрокат as the object-hire neighbour, not as the housing lessor verb.
wynajmować / wynająć. Both directions on one aspect pair. The lessee is dative when the subject lets the thing. The lessor is od plus genitive or u plus genitive when the subject takes it. Hungarian does not keep both directions on bérel.
louer. Both directions on one lemma. The ordinary other party is à. Wikiszótár’s French gloss of bérel is louer. Hungarian does not give the owner and the taker that one verb.
elad. The buyer is dative and the goods are accusative, and the particle is el-, which Wiktionary prints as splitting: nem ad el. bérbe ad is not that particle. The illative bérbe is a noun form. The sale is not a rental. The dative on elad is not copied onto the bérbe ad entry.
fizet. The money is the accusative, and -ért is Consideration. On bérel the accusative is the thing, and -ért in the definition is the price wording. The two suffixes are the same case. They are not the same argument.

Open items

-nak/-nek on bérbe ad. Printed on kiad, as the frame line and as a kocsmárosnak. Absent from the bérbe ad entry and from Bérbe ad, kiad, vesz vmit. The constructed Chrisnek is that shape on the other lemma. Not ranked as optional by a schema in the bérbe ad entry.
pesti nyaralónak. Printed beside bérbe in the Nagy line. The entry does not label the role. Not collapsed into kocsmárosnak.
Ablative -tól/-től. Unprinted on bérel, on kibérel, and on bérbe vesz. Not starred. Not constructed as a frame. Russian у and Polish od are the other languages’ prepositions.
A dative and an ablative in one clause. Unprinted. The dative belongs to kiad in the lines read. The ablative is not printed at all.
A numeral under -ért. Unprinted. összegért and bérért are definition prose. Not constructed.
-ra/-re beside -ért. The period is in the examples. The price suffix is in the definition. They are not in one clause in the lines read. Argument versus adjunct is not ranked here.
nem adja bérbe. Unprinted. nem ad ki is the printed split, and it is the prefix of kiad. Postverbal bérbe is printed after kiadta, with ki- still on the verb. The negative string with bérbe is analysis.
kibérel. Named as an igekötős ige and as a Wiktionary synonym. No separate article was served. No case frame of its own is quoted. The prefix split is unprinted. Not a page.
Person-hire bérel and felbérel. Sense 2 is archaic. The object in the lines is a person, vezetőt, valakit. Not the rental of a flat.
Magyar értelmező kéziszótár, SZTAKI, and A magyar nyelv nagyszótára. Not quoted. The kéziszótár body was not read. No frame is taken from them.

Corpus filenames and sources checked

Dictionary frames: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára, bérel, kiad, and bér, as served at ertelmezo.oszk.hu. English Wiktionary, bérbe ad, bérbe, bérbe vesz, bérel, and kiad. Wikiszótár, bérel, for the translation list only (mieten, louer, wynająć, alquilar, брать напрокат). A search for a separate kibérel article on ertelmezo.oszk.hu returned no definition. Constructed clauses fill the dative of kiad onto bérbe ad with Pat and Chrisnek, and fill one negative with postverbal bérbe as analysis. Magyar értelmező kéziszótár, the SZTAKI dictionary, and A magyar nyelv nagyszótára were not quoted. Index 2 does not list bérbe ad.

A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára · bérel ertelmezo.oszk.hu · bérel · sense 1 tárgyas · összegért · bérért · lakást · a szezonra · két hétre · kibérel named · no -tól
A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára · kiad ertelmezo.oszk.hu · kiad · sense 5 bérbe, bérletbe ad · kocsmárosnak · kiadta bérbe · pesti nyaralónak
A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára · bér ertelmezo.oszk.hu · bér · sense 3 Bérbe ad, kiad, vesz vmit
Wiktionary · bérbe ad en.wiktionary · bérbe ad · bér + -be + ad · noun unchanged · synonym kiad · antonym bérbe vesz
Wiktionary · bérbe en.wiktionary · bérbe · illative singular of bér
Wiktionary · kiad en.wiktionary · kiad · rent out · -nak/-nek · szobánkat · nem ad ki · ki is ad
Wiktionary · bérel en.wiktionary · bérel · transitive · synonyms kibérel, bérbe vesz · no case frame
Wiktionary · bérbe vesz en.wiktionary · bérbe vesz · vesz ‘to take’ · synonym bérel · antonym bérbe ad
Wikiszótár · bérel hu.wiktionary · bérel · glosses mieten, louer, wynająć, alquilar, брать напрокат · no government
Magyar értelmező kéziszótár · SZTAKI Szótár · A magyar nyelv nagyszótára not quoted · no frame cited

Records bérbe ad and kiad as the lessor lemmas and bérel and bérbe vesz as the lessee lemmas. Records the accusative of the thing, the dative of the lessee on kiad, and the illative bérbe with ad. Records -ért in the definition and sublative -ra/-re for a period. Does not open a separate page for kibérel or for felbérel.