rent · Russian (сдавать / сдать)

Arguments

Lessor, Lessee, Thing, Price · duration на · the direction is a choice of lemma · working claim, revisable

Voice[Lessor of сдавать ∨ Lessee of снимать / арендовать] + Lessee_DAT on сдавать + Lessor_у+GEN on снимать + Theme_ACC + Price_за+ACC + Duration_на+ACC

A commercial rental, on this reading, has a Lessor, a Lessee, the Thing, and a Price. A period may be named in the same clause. They are not four or five equal sisters of one Russian verb. The lessor verb and the lessee verb are different lemmas. On сдавать / сдать the subject is the one who lets the thing. Ozhegov’s government for that sense is что, the thing, accusative. A dative of the person who receives the use is in the Bulgakov line Wiktionary quotes from the Russian National Corpus, and it is not in Ozhegov’s government label. On снимать / снять the subject is the one who takes the thing. Ozhegov’s government is again что. The lessor is у plus a genitive: Ozhegov’s definition of квартира is a place снимаемое у кого-нибудь, and Tolstoy, in the Wiktionary quotation, prints у помещицы and у соседнего помещика. арендовать is the formal take-reading, Ozhegov взять (брать) в аренду, government что. Where a sum is written, за holds it. A period in на is printed with both directions and is not ranked as an argument or as an adjunct.

What is different from the English gloss, and from Polish. English rent is direction-neutral. The subject can be either party, and the direction sits in the preposition: rent the flat to Chris (the subject lets it) and rent the flat from Chris (the subject takes it). French keeps both directions on louer, and the ordinary marker of the other party is the same à. Russian does not keep the choice inside one lemma. Wiktionary’s antonyms of the rent sense of сдавать, «предоставлять в аренду», are арендовать and снимать. English Wiktionary glosses сдавать внаём as let, let out, hire out and сдавать в аренду as lease, grant on lease, rent. Those English glosses of сдавать have the lessor as subject. The lessee as subject is the other Russian verb. The best match of English rent is therefore two frames. Rent … to and let match сдавать / сдать. Rent … from matches снимать / снять for housing, and арендовать where the entry is the formal take-reading. The frames diverge at the lemma, and again at the lessor’s marker. On wynajmować / wynająć both directions stay on one aspect pair: the lessee is dative when the subject lets the thing, and the lessor is od plus genitive, or u plus genitive, when the subject takes it. Russian у plus genitive is that lessor, and it is printed on снимать, not on сдавать. Polish od is not the preposition in the Russian lines read here.

Places · who wears which marking

Ozhegov, Wiktionary, and the Большой толковый словарь line that Gramota prints under квартира do not put lessor, lessee, thing, a sum, and a period in one clause. The Bulgakov line has the lessor subject, a dative, the thing, and на, and no price. The Romanov line has the lessee verb, the thing, and за plus a sum, and no у.

Printed lessor frame · nominative subject · dative lessee · accusative thing · на + accusative period

✓ не сдаст ли жилтоварищество на недельку, пока будут продолжаться гастроли Воланда в Москве, ему всю квартирку Wiktionary · сдать · sense «предоставить в аренду» · Bulgakov, Мастер и Маргарита · the entry marks the quotation НКРЯ

might the housing association let him the whole little flat for a week

Printed lessee frame · у + genitive lessor · accusative thing

✓ Старик снял десять лет тому назад у помещицы сто двадцать десятин, а в прошлом году купил их и снимал ещё триста у соседнего помещика. Wiktionary · снимать · sense «арендовать, брать внаём» · Tolstoy, Анна Каренина

The old man had rented a hundred and twenty desyatinas from the landowner ten years before, and the year before he bought them and was renting another three hundred from the neighbouring landowner.

Places of сдавать, снимать, and арендовать: introducer, Russian marking, case status, English and sibling marking
Place	Introduced by (working)	Russian marking	Case status	English and the live siblings
Lessor	Spec,Voice of сдавать / сдать · у on снимать	nominative subject of the lessor verb · у + genitive when the subject is the lessee of снимать	Ozhegov’s rent sense of сдать does not print a source phrase · the у-phrase is on the lessee verb and in the definition of квартира · it is not a dative	subject of rent … to, of rent out, and of let · from of rent … from · od+GEN or u+GEN on wynająć · à or subject of louer · subject of vermieten
Lessee	dative on сдавать · Spec,Voice of снимать and of арендовать	dative ему in the Bulgakov line · nominative subject of снял / снимал and of Ozhegov’s арендовать	the dative is in a cited clause · Ozhegov’s government for the rent sense of сдать is что, not кому · lines with only the thing are also printed	to when the English subject is the lessor · subject of rent … from · dative of wynająć when the subject lets the thing · à, which does not choose the party
Thing	complement of the rent root	accusative · комнату, квартиру, квартирку, избы, дом, сад, земельный участок, десятины · пианино is the object of взять напрокат	Ozhegov’s что on сдать, on снять, and on арендовать · a genitive of that object under не is unprinted in the rent lines read	direct object · accusative of wynająć, which Wikisłownik rewrites as a genitive under nie · accusative of louer and of vermieten
Price	за + a measure phrase where a sum is printed	за тридцать рублей · за сто двадцать · за сто тридцать · definition prose за плату on напрокат	за takes the measure phrase · рублей is the genitive of the unit after the numeral · the lessor clause with a numeral does not repeat the thing inside that clause	for + MeasureP · za in the Polish definitions, numeral unprinted there · für where a German source prints the sum
Duration	на + accusative · unranked	на год · на недельку · в лето is another period, not на	printed as time wording · argument versus adjunct unprinted · not given a seat as a fifth sister	for a period · na+ACC on wynająć · German period unranked on vermieten

Marking map. The lemma chooses the direction. Read the verb, then the case. на is not the marker of the other party. за is not that marker either.

Accusative of the thing. Ozhegov, сдать sense 2: что. Отдать внаем. С. дачу. С. комнату. The imperfective named there is сдавать. Ozhegov, снять: что. Взять внаем. С. комнату. The imperfective named there is снимать. Ozhegov, арендовать: что. Взять (брать) в аренду. А. дом, сад, земельный участок. Wiktionary’s rent examples are сдавать квартиру, сдать комнату, всю квартирку, снимал комнату, and the land in the Tolstoy sentence. Romanov: сдают свои избы and снял комнату. The accusative is the thing whose use is transferred for a time. It is not the price. A genitive of that accusative under не is not in any rent line read here. No negative formula is printed for these verbs, and no negative clause is constructed.
Nominative of the lessor, on сдавать / сдать. Wiktionary sense «предоставлять в аренду» and Ozhegov отдать внаем give the letting to the subject. The finite subjects in the lines read are жилтоварищество and, in Romanov, the peasants who сдают свои избы, and они in за сто двадцать сдали. English Wiktionary’s glosses of сдавать внаём and сдавать в аренду are lessor-subject glosses. The lessee is not the subject of those lines.
Dative of the lessee, on the lessor verb. Bulgakov, as Wiktionary quotes it and marks НКРЯ: ему всю квартирку, beside на недельку. ему is the person who would have the use. Ozhegov’s rent sense does not print кому. Ozhegov’s examples are С. дачу and С. комнату. Wiktionary’s other rent line of сдавать is сдавать квартиру, with no person. The dative is attested. It is not in the government label, and it is not in every printed line. No line read here stacks that dative with у.
Nominative of the lessee, on снимать / снять and on арендовать. Ozhegov’s взять внаем and взять (брать) в аренду are take-readings. Tolstoy’s старик is the subject of снял and of снимал. Averchenko, in Wiktionary: я снимал комнату. Romanov: the visitor снял комнату. Wiktionary’s German gloss of арендовать is mieten. The lessor verb is not these lemmas. Wiktionary files арендовать and снимать as the antonyms of the rent sense of сдавать.
у + genitive, the lessor on the lessee verb. Ozhegov, квартира sense 2: Помещение, снимаемое у кого-нибудь для жилья. The participle is снимать. The complement is у plus genitive. Tolstoy: у помещицы and у соседнего помещика, with снял and снимал. The thing in that sentence is land, десятины, not a flat. The housing definition and the land citation print the same preposition. Averchenko’s room and Romanov’s room do not print у. Ozhegov’s government line for снять is что and does not print у. On wynająć the lessor, when the subject takes the thing, is od plus genitive or u plus genitive, and the verb is the same pair that takes a dative lessee. Russian у is on снимать. от of a lessor is unprinted in the lines read. It is not starred.
за + a measure phrase. Romanov, Яблоневый цвет, as Wikisource prints it: Он, не торгуясь, снял комнату за тридцать рублей в лето. The thing and the sum are in one clause. тридцать is the amount. рублей is the unit, genitive after the numeral. The same story: они за сто двадцать сдали, and за сто тридцать сдали. The thing those clauses talk about is the cottage in the preceding sentence, хатенка, not a second accusative beside за. Ozhegov’s напрокат defines the adverb as во временное пользование за плату. плату is accusative and has no numeral. No dictionary line read here puts a numeral under за in the government formula.
Duration на + accusative, and a different period. Большой толковый словарь, Gramota under квартира: Нанять, снять квартиру на год. Bulgakov: на недельку, in the same clause as ему and квартирку. Romanov’s в лето is beside за тридцать рублей. It is a period. It is not на. No entry ranks на год as an argument or as an adjunct. It is not a second price.
в аренду, внаём, and под. English Wiktionary prints сдавать внаём and сдавать в аренду as the lessor collocations. Ozhegov’s verb definitions use внаем and в аренду inside the gloss, not as a tested extra argument. Romanov: мужики издавна сдают свои избы под дачи. под дачи is the use the houses are let for. It is not the lessee and not the month.
арендовать, one paragraph, not a page. Ozhegov: сов. и несов., что. The gloss is взять (брать) в аренду. The examples are a house, a garden, a plot of land. Wiktionary: двувидовой, definition брать (взять) в аренду, and no usage example on that entry. The synonyms there include снимать (снять) for housing and брать в прокат (взять в прокат). The German gloss is mieten. No у, no dative, and no sum are printed on the entry. The labels сов. и несов. and двувидовой are the dictionaries’ labels of the lemma. No page is opened.
напрокат, one paragraph, not a page. Ozhegov and Shvedova: нареч. Во временное пользование за плату. Взять пианино н. The object is a piano. The payment in the definition is за плату, with no numeral. Housing in the rent entries above is комнату, квартиру, дачу, not this adverb. No page is opened.

EN ⇄ RU valency strip

Each row lines up one English slot with its Russian slot. The alignment type says what happens to the slot: = (same status), shift (structural ↔ oblique), or a lexical split of the subject’s direction. Printed lines come first. Every other Russian sentence is constructed, modelled on a printed line. They show the working alignment, not frequency, and not a bilingual corpus.

English–Russian valency alignment for rent / сдавать, one row per argument
Slot	EN form	RU form	Align	EN example	RU example
Lessor as subject	SUBJ of rent … to · SUBJ of rent out and of let	subject of сдавать / сдать	= for this direction · the lemma is not the lessee’s · French louer keeps both	might the association let him the flat for a week gloss	не сдаст ли жилтоварищество … ему всю квартирку Wiktionary · Bulgakov · НКРЯ
Lessee as subject	SUBJ of rent … from	subject of снимать / снять · subject of арендовать	lexical split · one English verb, another Russian lemma · German uses mieten · Polish keeps wynająć	He rented a room. gloss	снял комнату Ozhegov · С. комнату · я снимал комнату Wiktionary · Averchenko
Lessee (dative)	to + DP	dative on сдать	shift · English to → dative · Ozhegov does not print кому for this sense · the dative is the cited clause	to him gloss of ему	ему Wiktionary · Bulgakov
Lessor (у)	from + DP	у + genitive on снимать	shift · English from → у+GEN · Polish writes od+GEN, or u+GEN, on the same verb as the dative	from the landowner gloss	у помещицы · у кого-нибудь Tolstoy in Wiktionary · Ozhegov · квартира
Thing	OBJ	accusative · что	= · genitive under negation unprinted for these verbs	rent a room gloss	комнату · квартиру Ozhegov · Gramota · Wiktionary
Price	for + MeasureP	за + measure phrase	= oblique · the numeral is in the published sentence · not in Ozhegov’s verb entry	for thirty rubles gloss	за тридцать рублей Romanov · Wikisource
Duration	time expression · status open	на + accusative	printed · argument vs adjunct open · в лето is another period	for a year · for a week gloss	на год Большой толковый словарь · Gramota · на недельку Bulgakov
Object on hire	OBJ of hire	взять + accusative + напрокат	a neighbouring adverb · not the housing verb · not a page	hire a piano gloss	Взять пианино напрокат Ozhegov and Shvedova

The strip below is a set of small multiples. Each card holds one frame, with English on top and Russian under it. The dative card is the lessor verb. The у card is the lessee verb. The price card is за. The period card is на.

EN · RU · dative = lessee

сдавать

Might the association let him the whole flat for a week?

не сдаст ли жилтоварищество на недельку … ему всю квартирку

RU · Wiktionary · Bulgakov · НКРЯ · nominative lessor · dative lessee · accusative thing · на+accusative · EN gloss is let · Ozhegov’s rent sense prints что and does not print кому

RolesHide roles LessorLesseeThing

Lessor жилтоварищество Dative ему Thing квартирку

Move English to → dative on сдать · the lessee as subject is снимать, not this verb

EN · RU · у = lessor

снимать

He rented the land from the landowner.

снял … у помещицы сто двадцать десятин

RU · Wiktionary · Tolstoy · у+genitive lessor · accusative thing · Polish od+GEN is the other cloth of this party, on wynająć · French à would not choose which party this is

RolesHide roles SourceThing

у помещицы · lessor Thing десятины

Move English from → у+GEN on снимать · not od+GEN, and not a reading of сдавать

EN · RU · за = price

за тридцать рублей

Without bargaining, he rented a room for thirty rubles for the summer.

снял комнату за тридцать рублей в лето

RU · Romanov · Wikisource · accusative thing · за + amount and unit · в лето is the period in that clause · no у in the line

RolesHide roles ThingPrice

Thing комнату за тридцать рублей

= English for → за · the unit рублей stays inside the phrase

EN · RU · на = period

на год

rent a flat for a year

снять квартиру на год

RU · Большой толковый словарь · Gramota · квартира · на+accusative beside снять · Bulgakov’s на недельку is the same preposition on сдать · argument versus adjunct unprinted

RolesHide roles Thing

Thing квартиру на год · period

= a printed period · not the marker that chooses lessor or lessee

Examples

Argument difference. English rent the flat to Chris and rent the flat from Chris keep one verb and put the direction in to or from. French louer keeps one verb, and à is ordinary for the owner and for the taker. The best English match of the whole pair of Russian frames is still rent, because let and rent out have only the lessor as subject. The frames diverge twice. The first divergence is the lemma: сдавать / сдать for the lessor as subject, снимать / снять for the lessee as subject of a housing line, арендовать for the formal take-reading. The second is the lessor’s marker on the lessee verb. Russian writes у plus genitive. Polish wynająć writes od plus genitive, or u plus genitive, and does not change the verb. German splits the direction as vermieten versus mieten, and the German page does not print von of the lessor. Russian prints у.

Dictionary and published lines · checked · quoted as printed

что. Отдать внаем. С. дачу. С. комнату. Ozhegov · сдать sense 2 · imperfective сдавать named on the entry · no кому in this sense

что. Взять внаем. С. комнату. Ozhegov · снять · imperfective снимать

сов. и несов., что. Взять (брать) в аренду. А. дом, сад, земельный участок. Ozhegov · арендовать

Помещение, снимаемое у кого-нибудь для жилья. Ozhegov · квартира sense 2

Сдавать квартиру. Нанять, снять квартиру на год. Большой толковый словарь русского языка · Gramota · квартира

предоставлять в аренду · antonyms арендовать, снимать · сдавать квартиру · сдавать внаём · сдавать в аренду Wiktionary · Russian entry, rent sense · English entry, the two collocations

не сдаст ли жилтоварищество на недельку … ему всю квартирку Wiktionary · Bulgakov · НКРЯ

снял … у помещицы сто двадцать десятин · снимал ещё триста у соседнего помещика · я снимал комнату Wiktionary · Tolstoy · Averchenko

снял комнату за тридцать рублей в лето · за сто двадцать сдали · сдают свои избы под дачи Romanov · Яблоневый цвет · Wikisource

Во временное пользование за плату. Взять пианино напрокат. Ozhegov and Shvedova · напрокат

Strings below that are not in the block above are constructed, modelled on the printed lines. They are not spontaneous-speech citations and not dictionary lines. Пат / Крис / квартиру continue the named-participant series. The dative Крису has the shape of ему. The у-phrase has the shape of у помещицы and of у кого-нибудь. Neither name-string is a dictionary line.

✓ не сдаст ли жилтоварищество на недельку … ему всю квартирку

RolesHide roles LessorLesseeThing

Lessor жилтоварищество Dative ему Thing квартирку на недельку

Wiktionary · Bulgakov · НКРЯ · lessor verb · one dative · no у · no за

✓ Старик снял … у помещицы сто двадцать десятин … и снимал ещё триста у соседнего помещика.

RolesHide roles LesseeThingSource

Lessee старик Thing десятины у помещицы · помещика

Wiktionary · Tolstoy · lessee verb · у+genitive · the thing is land · both members of the pair occur in the sentence, as lemma forms

✓ Он, не торгуясь, снял комнату за тридцать рублей в лето.

RolesHide roles ThingPrice

Thing комнату за тридцать рублей Period в лето · not на

Romanov · Wikisource · lessee verb · thing and price in one clause · no у

✓ Сдавать квартиру. Нанять, снять квартиру на год.

RolesHide roles Thing

Thing квартиру на год

Большой толковый словарь · Gramota · lessor collocation and lessee collocation · на год is on снять · no person · no price

✓ Пат сдал Крису квартиру.

RolesHide roles LessorLesseeThing

Lessor Пат Dative Крису Thing квартиру

constructed · the shape of ему всю квартирку and of С. комнату · the names are not a dictionary line

✓ Крис снял квартиру у Пата.

RolesHide roles LesseeThingSource

Lessee Крис Thing квартиру у Пата

constructed · the shape of у помещицы and of снимаемое у кого-нибудь · the housing thing is Ozhegov’s комнату and Gramota’s квартиру · Tolstoy’s у is on land · the names are not a dictionary line

* Пат сдал Криса квартиру.

RolesHide roles Other partyThing

Other party Криса · accusative Thing квартиру

constructed · two accusatives · the printed other party on сдать is the dative ему, not a second accusative

✓ сдавать / сдать · subject lets the thing Ozhegov · Wiktionary · antonyms снимать, арендовать
✓ снимать / снять · subject takes the thing Ozhegov · что
✓ у + genitive Ozhegov · у кого-нибудь · Tolstoy · у помещицы
✓ dative lessee Bulgakov · ему · not Ozhegov’s government label
✓ за тридцать рублей Romanov · thing in the same clause
✓ на год · на недельку Gramota · Bulgakov
✓ арендовать Ozhegov · сов. и несов. · not a page
✓ напрокат Ozhegov and Shvedova · a piano · not a page

Dative, у, and the two lemmas

The case of the other party is an operation on a place the lemma has already chosen. It does not add a third party, and it does not put both directions on one verb.

The dative is the lessee of сдать. ему in the Bulgakov line. The subject of that clause is жилтоварищество, the side that would let the flat. Ozhegov’s sense отдать внаем does not write кому. A clause with the thing and no person is printed: С. комнату, сдавать квартиру. A dative that the entries file as the owner, beside a lessee subject of сдавать, is not in the lines read.

у is the lessor of снимать. у кого-нибудь in Ozhegov’s definition of квартира. у помещицы and у соседнего помещика in Tolstoy. The subject of the finite clauses takes the thing. The preposition is not on сдавать in the lines read. Polish od plus genitive is the marker the Polish page prints for this party. The Russian lines print у. Nothing read here puts от in that seat.

The two lemmas are the direction. Wiktionary’s antonym list is the dictionary’s statement of the split: the rent sense of сдавать is opposed to арендовать and to снимать. English rent and French louer do not have that antonym pair inside one language’s entry for a single verb. A clause with only the flat does not, by one preposition of сдавать, become the lessee’s clause. The verb does that.

не is not given a case change here. The rent objects in the lines read are accusative: дачу, комнату, квартиру, квартирку, избы. No entry prints a genitive of that object under не, and no rent citation read here is a negative clause whose object has changed case. A genitive under negation is not filled in. On wynajmować Wikisłownik does print that rewrite. This page does not copy the Polish formula onto Russian.

A question for the price. It is not in the dictionary entries read. The printed price with a numeral is already за тридцать рублей, or за сто двадцать beside сдали. No за сколько is added.

Derivations · working sketches, revisable

Each sketch is a working drawing, not a locked analysis. The point of the drawing is two lemmas, one accusative object, a dative that the Bulgakov line prints as the lessee of сдать, and an у-phrase that Ozhegov and Tolstoy print as the lessor of снимать. The price preposition, where a sum is printed, is за. Open one sketch at a time. Which theta role is the object in this low domain is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.

Voice · the subject’s direction is the lemma

Two external arguments · two lemmas · the other party is not in Voice

[VoiceP жилтоварищество Voice     ← Lessor, сдать
  … ему … квартирку …]

[VoiceP старик Voice               ← Lessee, снять / снимать
  … десятины … у помещицы …]

✓ не сдаст ли жилтоварищество … ему всю квартирку · снял … у помещицы Wiktionary · Bulgakov · Tolstoy · two lemmas

English rent allows either external argument and puts the direction in to or from. French louer allows either external argument. Russian сдавать is the lessor’s external argument in the lines read. Russian снимать and арендовать are the lessee’s. The pair of labels on арендовать, Ozhegov сов. и несов. and Wiktionary двувидовой, is a label of that lemma. It is not a claim about the shape of the event.

Dative on сдать · у on снимать

Low Appl is the dative lessee of the lessor verb · the у-phrase is not that dative · working

[VoiceP Пат Voice                    ← Lessor, сдать
  [ApplP [Крису]_DAT Appl             ← Lessee
    [VP √сда-
       [Theme квартиру ]_ACC ]]]      ← Thing

[VoiceP Крис Voice                    ← Lessee, снять
  [VP √сня-
     [Theme квартиру ]_ACC
     [PP у [Пата]_GEN ]]]             ← Lessor

Крису, Пата, and квартиру in these trees are constructed. ему and квартирку are the printed dative shape. у помещицы is the printed source shape. The two trees are two lemmas. A single clause with both a dative lessee and an у-lessor is unprinted. Polish draws both trees under wynająć and writes the source as od or u. The Russian source preposition in the lines read is у, on снимать.

✓ ему · у помещицы · у кого-нибудь Bulgakov · Tolstoy · Ozhegov

* Пат сдал Криса квартиру. constructed · the lessee is not a second accusative

Price · за · на unranked

A printed sum sits under за · на is the period in the dictionary line and in Bulgakov

за [ тридцать рублей ]                 ← Romanov · снял комнату · amount + unit
за [ сто двадцать ]                    ← Romanov · сдали · thing in the preceding clause
за [ плату ]_ACC                       ← Ozhegov · напрокат · no numeral
на [ год ]_ACC                         ← Gramota · снять квартиру
на [ недельку ]_ACC                    ← Bulgakov · сдать
в [ лето ]                             ← Romanov · beside за · not на

✓ за тридцать рублей · на год · на недельку Romanov · Gramota · Bulgakov

The numeral stays inside за. тридцать and рублей are one phrase. The genitive рублей is the unit after the numeral. It is not a genitive of negation, and it is not the lessor. на год is a period beside снять квартиру. It is not a second price. No rent line read here rewrites the accusative thing as a genitive under не.

English, French, and Polish · where the direction is written

Direction in the preposition, in the case, or in the lemma · working · no English rent page

[VoiceP Pat Voice                      ← Lessor
  [ApplP Chris Appl                     ← Lessee · to
    [VP √RENT [Theme the flat ]]]]      ← rent the flat to Chris
                                        · Russian: сдать … Крису
                                        · Polish: wynająć … Chrisowi

[VoiceP Chris Voice                     ← Lessee
  [VP √RENT [Theme the flat ]
     [PP from Pat ]]]                   ← rent the flat from Pat
                                        · Russian: снять … у Пата
                                        · Polish: wynająć … od Pata
                                        · French: louer … à

English rent keeps both directions and writes them as to and from. French louer keeps both directions and writes the other party as à. Russian changes the lemma. The lessor’s marker on the lessee lemma is у plus genitive, where Polish uses od plus genitive on a verb that also has the lessor reading. That is where the frame diverges from the English gloss: the gloss is one verb, and the Russian frames are two verbs plus у.

Layer-by-layer parallel: English rent, Russian сдавать and снимать, Polish wynająć, French louer, German vermieten
Layer	rent (EN) · no page	сдавать / сдать	снимать / снять	wynająć	louer	vermieten
Spec,Voice	lessor or lessee	Lessor	Lessee	Lessor or Lessee · one pair	Lessor or Lessee	Lessor
other party	to or from	dative lessee in the Bulgakov line · Ozhegov prints no кому	lessor у+GEN	dative lessee · or od/u+GEN lessor	à · Goal or Source	dative, or an+ACC
object	the thing	accusative	accusative · housing in Ozhegov · land in the Tolstoy line	accusative · genitive under nie	dwelling or movable · one lemma	dwelling or vehicle
Price	for · MeasureP	за сто двадцать with the thing in the preceding clause	за тридцать рублей beside комнату	za określone pieniądze · numeral unprinted	pour + MeasureP where a sum is written	für where a sum is printed
Duration	open	на недельку	на год · в лето is not на	na+ACC · unranked	time circumstantial there	period unranked

On сдать, the dative comes to have the use of the flat. On снять, the subject is the one who takes the use, and у names the lessor. On wynająć those are two readings of one pair, and the source preposition in the schema is od or u. The thing stays one accusative on both Russian lemmas.

Notes

Working paper · October 2026 · Russian micro-entry · Beyond Index 2

Commercial temporary transfer in Russian. The lessor lemma is сдавать / сдать. The lessee lemmas are снимать / снять and арендовать. Lessor: nominative subject of сдавать, or у plus genitive on снимать. Lessee: dative with сдать in the Bulgakov line, or nominative subject of снимать. Thing: accusative. Price: за plus a measure phrase where a sum is printed. Duration: на plus accusative, unranked. напрокат is noted and is not a page.

RU micro-entry live Beyond Index 2 Dative not in Ozhegov’s что на unranked PL wynająć live FR louer live DE vermieten live

Sense × language: rent · Russian (сдавать / сдать). One rental sense on this page, so no subscript. Lessee lemmas on this page, not given their own pages: снимать / снять, арендовать. Not given a page: напрокат. No English rent hub. Geometry neighbors: rent · wynajmować / wynająć · rent · louer · rent · vermieten · rent · alquilar · rent · affittare. Russian is not an Index 2 language line.

Places
EN ⇄ RU strip
Examples
Dative, у, and the lemmas
Derivations
Hierarchy
Geometry
Open items
Corpus and sources

Working paper. Russian micro-entry. The frames were read in Ozhegov and in Ozhegov and Shvedova, in Wiktionary, in the Большой толковый словарь line Gramota prints under квартира, and in the Romanov sentence Wikisource prints. Those sources print an accusative of the thing, a lessor subject of сдавать / сдать, a dative in the Bulgakov line, у plus genitive of the lessor on снимать, за plus a sum, and на plus accusative for a period.

Constructed examples. Dictionary lines and the published sentences are marked as printed. Пат сдал Крису квартиру, Крис снял квартиру у Пата, and the rejected Криса квартиру are constructed on those lines.

Arity. Index 2 does not list Russian. Surface count can name a lessor, a lessee, a thing, and a price. The lexicon does not list them as four co-arguments of one flat verb. The lemma chooses the direction. Voice adds one party. The dative, on сдать, adds the lessee in the line that prints it. The у-phrase, on снимать, adds the lessor. The root takes the thing. A period in на is not filed as a fifth sister.

What this page does not do. арендовать stays the formal take-reading on this page. напрокат stays the object-hire neighbour. No English page of rent is opened. No second Russian page is opened for the lessee verb. The dictionary labels of the pairs are not a claim about the shape of the event.

Hierarchy

Not a flat grid of four sisters of one verb. A flat grid would give сдавать a lessee subject, or give снимать the dative of сдавать, or treat за as a second accusative object. сдавать shows a lessor subject, an accusative thing, and a dative where the Bulgakov line prints one. снимать shows a lessee subject, an accusative thing, and у plus genitive where that lessor is printed.

The price is one за-phrase. за тридцать рублей has an amount and a unit. за плату has no numeral. на год is not a second price.

What Russian changes, against the English gloss rent, is the lemma of the direction, and then the marker of the lessor. English writes to and from on one verb. Russian writes сдавать for the lessor as subject and снимать for the lessee as subject, and writes that lessor as у plus genitive. What Russian changes against French is the same lemma split: French à is ordinary for the owner and for the taker. What Russian changes against wynająć is both the lemma and the preposition. Polish keeps both directions on one aspect pair. The Polish lessor, when the subject takes the thing, is od plus genitive or u plus genitive. The Russian lessor on снимать is у plus genitive. The dative lessee is shared by сдать and by the Polish let-out reading, and it is not a reading of снимать in the lines read.

Geometry · сдавать beside the live roots

In the constructed Пат сдал Крису квартиру, Chris comes to have the use of the flat, on the model of ему. In the constructed Крис снял квартиру у Пата, Pat is where the use comes from, on the model of у помещицы and of у кого-нибудь. The price wording is за where a sum is printed. A clause with only the flat does not, by a preposition of one verb, say both directions. сдавать says the subject lets it. снимать says the subject takes it.

English rent. One verb. The subject is the lessor with to, or the lessee with from. The gloss matches both Russian directions only by changing the lemma. No English page is opened.
English rent out and let. Lessor as subject. English Wiktionary’s glosses of сдавать внаём are let, let out, hire out. They match сдавать. They do not match снимать. No page is opened.
louer. Both directions on one lemma. The ordinary other party is à on both readings. Wiktionary’s French gloss of the rent sense of сдавать is louer. Russian does not give the owner and the taker that one verb.
wynajmować / wynająć. Both directions on one aspect pair. The lessee is dative when the subject lets the thing. The lessor is od plus genitive or u plus genitive when the subject takes it. Russian у plus genitive is the lessor on снимать, not an od-phrase, and not a reading of сдавать.
vermieten. The lessor is the subject. The other direction is mieten, which Wiktionary gives as the German gloss of арендовать. von of the lessor on mieten is unprinted on the German page. Russian prints у on снимать.
alquilar. Both directions on one lemma. The cited a-phrase does not choose the party. Wiktionary’s Spanish gloss of the rent sense of сдавать is alquilar.
affittare. Both directions on one lemma. A source phrase on the prendere reading is unprinted there. Russian prints у on the take-reading снимать.
Neighbouring material. арендовать is the formal take-reading, Ozhegov дом, сад, земельный участок, with no usage example on the Wiktionary entry. напрокат is Ozhegov’s adverb for temporary use for a payment, example пианино. The hire of a person is not a sense of these rent lines.

Open items

кому on the lessor verb. Printed as ему in the Bulgakov line. Absent from Ozhegov’s government что and from С. дачу, С. комнату, and сдавать квартиру. Not ranked as optional by a schema in those entries.
у on every lessee clause. Printed in Ozhegov’s definition of квартира and in Tolstoy. Absent from Averchenko’s я снимал комнату, from Romanov’s снял комнату, and from Ozhegov’s government line for снять. The Tolstoy thing is land. A finite housing clause with у and a flat is the constructed у Пата, not a second printed sentence.
от. Unprinted as the lessor. Not starred. Polish od is the other language’s preposition.
A dative and у in one clause. Unprinted. The two markers belong to two lemmas in the lines read.
Genitive of the thing under не. Unprinted for these verbs. Not constructed. The genitive рублей and десятин are the counted nouns after a numeral.
за beside сдавать and the thing in one clause. за сто двадцать сдали and за сто тридцать сдали do not repeat the cottage inside the clause. The cottage is the preceding хатенка. The clause that has thing and sum together is снял комнату за тридцать рублей, the lessee verb.
на beside в лето. на год and на недельку are на plus accusative. в лето is the period in the price sentence. Argument versus adjunct is not ranked here. под дачи is a purpose.
арендовать and a source phrase. The entries read print что and the take-reading gloss. No у and no dative are on that entry. Wiktionary prints no usage example. Not given a second page.
напрокат and housing. The Ozhegov example is a piano. Housing stays on снимать and on сдавать in the entries read. Not a page.
Wheeler, The Oxford Russian Dictionary, and Barron’s 501 Russian Verbs. No page of either book was opened. No frame is taken from them.

Corpus filenames and sources checked

Dictionary frames: Ozhegov, сдать, снять, арендовать, квартира, as printed on the textologia and Gufo pages headed as Ozhegov. Ozhegov and Shvedova, напрокат, as printed at ozhegov.info. Wiktionary, Russian entries сдавать, сдать, снимать, арендовать, and the English entry сдавать. Большой толковый словарь русского языка, the квартира paragraph Gramota.ru prints, including Сдавать квартиру and снять квартиру на год. The Bulgakov quotation is the one the Russian Wiktionary entry marks НКРЯ. Tolstoy and Averchenko are the quotations on the Wiktionary entry for снимать. Romanov, Яблоневый цвет, is the text Wikisource prints from Новый мир, 1929. Constructed clauses fill the dative frame and the у frame with Пат and Крис. No chart in Wheeler or in Barron’s 501 Russian Verbs was opened. Index 2 does not list Russian.

Ozhegov · сдать textologia.ru · сдать · sense 2 что. Отдать внаем. С. дачу. С. комнату. · imperfective сдавать
Ozhegov · снять ozhegov.info · снять · что. Взять внаем. С. комнату. · imperfective снимать
Ozhegov · арендовать gufo.me · арендовать · сов. и несов., что. Взять (брать) в аренду. · дом, сад, земельный участок
Ozhegov · квартира textologia.ru · квартира · sense 2 снимаемое у кого-нибудь
Ozhegov and Shvedova · напрокат ozhegov.info · напрокат · за плату · Взять пианино напрокат
Большой толковый словарь русского языка · квартира gramota.ru · квартира · Сдавать квартиру · снять квартиру на год
Wiktionary · сдавать ru.wiktionary · сдавать · rent sense · antonyms арендовать, снимать · сдавать квартиру
Wiktionary · сдать ru.wiktionary · сдать · Bulgakov · ему · на недельку · квартирку · НКРЯ
Wiktionary · снимать ru.wiktionary · снимать · sense «арендовать, брать внаём» · Tolstoy · у помещицы · Averchenko · комнату
Wiktionary · арендовать ru.wiktionary · арендовать · двувидовой · no usage example · gloss mieten
Wiktionary · English · сдавать en.wiktionary · сдавать · сдавать внаём · сдавать в аренду
Panteleimon Romanov · Яблоневый цвет Wikisource · Яблоневый цвет · за тридцать рублей · за сто двадцать сдали · под дачи · Новый мир, 1929
Wheeler, The Oxford Russian Dictionary · Barron’s 501 Russian Verbs not opened · no frame cited

Records сдавать / сдать as the lessor lemma and снимать / снять and арендовать as the lessee lemmas. Records the accusative of the thing, the dative of the lessee in the Bulgakov line, and у plus genitive of the lessor on снимать. Records за plus a sum and на plus accusative. Does not open a separate page for арендовать or for напрокат.