Working paper.
Polish micro-entry from the Group C plate of
Lexical_Entry_Charge_Argument_Structure (commercial root
obciążyć beside ACCUSE
oskarżyć; genitive of negation hits the measure QP or a promoted Payer, not a stranded unit) and the queue’s second FEE name
naliczyć. Geometry is the English
chargeFEE inventory: √CHARGE_FEE + Appl
FROM(Payer/Source, MeasureP ⟨n,U⟩) + Consideration. The visible ACC → GEN spell-out is the discipline already on
Polish zapisać. Denomination questions parallel the printed Hungarian and Bulgarian rows; the Polish spellings below are constructed. They are not a printed Polish table row and not field elicitation.
Constructed examples.
Checked FEE strings reuse the noun and counted QP already printed for case on the ledger page (tę kwotę / tej kwoty, trzy tokeny / trzech tokenów). The decimal 0,3 ETH does not spell accusative versus genitive. Debit-true / OWE of ⟨n,U⟩ on the Payer is e2. Payment-true is a later płacić / zapłacić / payGIVE, not e2 of this root. Strings tagged hunch are not adopted. Do not fake elicitation.
Beyond Index 2.
Index 2 does not list
charge. Polish Payment cites
płacić / zapłacić, przelewać / przelać (Vols. 3, 6) — not
obciążyć and not
naliczyć. Polish Attitude cites
obwiniać / winić, przypisywać. This root sits Beyond Index 2 as a measuring companion, beside live
zapisać and beside
Hungarian felszámol and
Bulgarian таксувам.
Cloth adopted · Payer and za left open.
Adopted from the Group C note, spelled with the live Polish ledger discipline: the measure QP is a structural object; under sentential
nie that object is genitive; the genitive takes the whole QP, not a stranded unit.
ob- and
na- stay on the stem, the same bound-prefix fact already used for
za- on
zapisać. There is no unique preverbal Focus host.
Not adopted: a ranked Payer Case (dative versus accusative promotion), a filled promoted-Payer string, a Consideration letter, or the imperfective stems
obciążać /
naliczać.
za is a hunch. Group C FEE closes on this page. Group D FEE opens on German
berechnen / belasten and continues on Dutch
in rekening brengen. Norwegian
belaste closes it. sell·Navajo stays deferred. No
credit-merit-bg.html and no
credit-merit-pl.html.
Hierarchy
Same inventory as English chargeFEE, Hungarian felszámol, and Bulgarian таксувам. Not four-place. Surface count can name the board, a payer, a sum, a currency, and a bitcoin. The lexicon does not list four co-arguments of √CHARGE_FEE.
Intended labeling (shared with English)
√CHARGE_FEE + ApplFROM(Payer/Source, MeasureP ⟨Amount, Denomination⟩) + Consideration
Voice introduces Chargor. Low ApplFROM introduces Payer/Source. The Group C note does not assign that Source a Case letter. MeasureP ⟨n, U⟩ is Incremental Theme of the debit, one structural object. Amount and Denomination are inside that object. Under nie the same object is genitive. Consideration is what the debit is for. The preposition is not printed for Polish. Optional time is peripheral.
The fee is one MeasureP. Amount and Denomination are inner arguments of that object. Composition is V(MeasureP), not V(n)(U). A bare WHAT answers the whole QP or a fee-type first. Denomination alone is the marked reading. It is not the first answer out of the blue. That three-way split is the denomination note’s general diagnostic. The Polish questions that illustrate it are constructed.
Geometry is 1+2 with optional outer Consideration: one Initiator, one applied Source, one measuring object. That is the FROM dual of płacić’s payment. It is not an English double object of two bare Themes, not Hungarian Focus height, and not sell’s Price-as-MeasureP.
Working hierarchy: Chargor > Payer/SourceCase open > MeasureP ⟨n,U⟩ACC; GEN under nie (> Consideration, letter open).
Polish frames · two citation forms, one geometry
obciążyć and naliczyć are the citation forms the plate and the queue print. Both are perfective infinitives. They are not imperfective and perfective of one stem: naliczyć is not the aspect pair of obciążyć. Each name has an ordinary imperfective companion (obciążać, naliczać). That pairing is a hunch about Polish aspect. The plate does not print those stems, so they are not citation forms on this page. Completed-event strings use the printed perfectives, feminine obciążyła / naliczyła with rada, the same subject already on credit-fin-pl.html. A present habitual question would want the imperfective. That stem stays unfiled.
No English double object of Payer + MeasureP as two bare Themes. ob- and na- do not leave the verb. There is no preverbal Focus slot for nie or WH to share with a particle. oskarżyć is the ACCUSE pair on the same plate and a different root. Live blame obwiniać / winić are the Attitude lemmas, also different roots. Do not merge them with the levy.
- ✓ Rada obciążyła tę kwotę. constructed · ACC MeasureP tę kwotę · case visible · Payer unfilled · pfv 3sg fem
- ✓ Rada naliczyła tę kwotę. same geometry · second citation naliczyć · not a second sense · Payer unfilled
- ✓ Rada obciążyła trzy tokeny. counted QP · ACC · same noun already on credit-fin-pl.html · constructed on this root
- ✓ Rada nie obciążyła tej kwoty. GEN-neg · tej kwoty · whole MeasureP · constructed spell-out
- ✓ Rada nie naliczyła tej kwoty. same rewrite on naliczyć
- ✓ Rada nie obciążyła trzech tokenów. GEN on the whole QP · unit inside the QP
- ✓ Co obciążyła rada? constructed bare WHAT · parallel to printed Co zapisała rada… · QP or fee-type first
- ✓ W jakiej walucie obciążyła rada? constructed U recoding · parallel to printed В каква валута and Miben · not a printed Polish row
- ✓ Co obciążyła rada za jednego bitcoina? hunch · za+ACC Consideration · animacy of bitcoin unranked · not adopted
- * Rada nie obciążyła tę kwotę. accusative MeasureP left under nie · the rewrite is the diagnostic · same cut as zapisać
- * Ile obciążyła rada ETH? LBC · unit stranded · same shape as printed Ile zapisała rada ETH…
- * Payer + MeasureP as two bare Themes. no English DOC copied · packaging prohibition · no filled string filed
- * Rada nie ciążyła ob tej kwoty. ob- does not separate · constructed from the bound-prefix fact · not Hungarian fel-
- * Zła pogoda obciążyła tę kwotę. Voice filter · weather fails Chargor · constructed · Payer unfilled
- ✓ Parkometr obciążył tę kwotę. institutional Initiator · constructed · Payer unfilled · masc obciążył
Cloth this page adopts
Adopted. One structural MeasureP. Affirmative accusative when the noun shows it (tę kwotę, trzy tokeny). Genitive of that same object under nie (tej kwoty, trzech tokenów). The unit stays inside the QP. Bound ob- and na-. No Hungarian Focus. naliczyć shares this geometry with obciążyć.
Left open. Payer Case. The plate allows the genitive to hit a promoted Payer. It does not print dative against accusative promotion, so neither komu nor a bare second object is checked or starred as elicited. Consideration za is a hunch, including the bitcoin animacy (za jednego bitcoina versus inanimate za jeden bitcoin). Imperfective obciążać / naliczać stay unprinted.
Sister root on the same plate
oskarżyć chargeACCUSE · different root · printed companion on the blame page is oskarżać / oskarżyła
Point the legal neighbour to blame-pl.html and charge-accuse.html. The string already printed there is Komisja oskarżyła wykonawcę o opóźnienie: accusative is the Target, Charge is o. Live blame lemmas are obwiniać / winić (Winili wykonawcę za opóźnienie). A fee MeasureP does not sit on oskarżyć, and an accusation does not sit on obciążyć or naliczyć. za on the blame page is Charge content. za as a fee Consideration is only a hunch, and it would be a different licenser. chargeACCOUNT (to-card Destination) is not given a Polish lemma on this plate. Keep it on charge-account.html.
MeasureP WH · denomination diagnostics
WH forces Amount ≠ Denomination inside one MeasureP. Verbal WH sees that object. It does not see unit and degree as two objects of obciążyć. Polish has no unique preverbal Focus host, so these questions are not Hungarian particle-separation and not a second host competing with ob-. The printed denomination rows in the Group C block are Hungarian (Mit számolnak fel?, Miben, egy bitcoinért) and Bulgarian (Какво таксувате?, В каква валута таксувате?, за един биткойн). The Polish lines are the same diagnostic in Polish forms. They are constructed.
- ✓ Co obciążyła rada? constructed bare WHAT · QP or fee-type first
- ✓ Co naliczyła rada? same question on the second citation
- ✓ Ile ETH obciążyła rada? whole MeasureP · same pied-piping shape as printed Ile ETH zapisała rada…
- ✓ Ile obciążyła rada? degree WH · U bound · constructed parallel
- ✓ W jakiej walucie obciążyła rada? constructed · w jakiej walucie recodes U · jakiej agrees with walucie
- ✓ Co obciążyła rada za jednego bitcoina? hunch · za would hold Consideration; it would not answer U · animacy unranked
- * Ile obciążyła rada ETH? LBC · unit stranded beside the verb · parallel to Ile zapisała rada ETH
- * Co obciążyła rada 0,3? WHAT hijacks the object · stranded degree · constructed parallel
Denomination readings (note’s general split · Polish spellings constructed)
Marked U: yes, as a marked reading of bare WHAT. The Polish table cell itself is not printed.
First-out-of-the-blue U: no. Bare Co obciążyła rada? does not answer with the unit first. That default is the denomination note, illustrated here, not a new interview.
Recoding: w jakiej walucie, constructed on the pattern of Bulgarian в каква валута and Hungarian Miben / Milyen pénznemben. One question. It does not peel Amount off the unit.
Bare Co obciążyła rada? — three readings
QP (default): the whole MeasureP. First answer.
FEE-type: a sortal name of the fee, or the Consideration. Not U of ⟨n,U⟩.
U (marked): denomination only, in a closed set of units. W jakiej walucie obciążyła rada? is the constructed rescue of that reading. A za-question, if the hunch holds, would put the fee’s U next to Consideration and would not make U the first answer. za on the bitcoin would be Consideration, not the fee’s denomination. Bulgarian в on йени или долари is U inside the MeasureP; the Polish locative w is the same slot, constructed.
Left-branch extraction of Amount, leaving the unit next to the verb, is out. That is the LBC already starred on zapisać and printed for Hungarian as Mit húsz számolnak fel?. Bulgarian packaging says WH clusters do not split Amount from unit. Polish does not restate that cluster note as a Polish elicitation, and it does not import Hungarian Focus uniqueness. Multiple WH fronting stays an open Group C flag. It is not an elicited superiority paradigm.
GEN-neg · the measuring QP · the cut Hungarian and Bulgarian do not host
Polish genitive of negation rewrites an accusative direct object under sentential nie. On this root the direct object the plate names is the measure QP. The rewrite is the same MeasureP in the genitive. It is not a new argument, not a change of who the Chargor is, and not a stranding of the unit. Live Hungarian felszámol keeps the fee accusative under nem and separates fel-. Live Bulgarian таксувам keeps the direct object under не and has no nominal genitive to write. Those facts stay on those pages. This rewrite is not exported backward.
The spell-out copies the visible endings already used on zapisać: tę kwotę → tej kwoty, trzy tokeny → trzech tokenów. An uninflected 0,3 ETH looks the same on both sides of nie and does not display the case. The plate’s second host is a promoted Payer. Because dative versus accusative promotion is unranked, this page does not check a genitive Payer string. The adopted ban is the stranded unit.
- ✓ Rada obciążyła tę kwotę. affirmative · ACC tę kwotę · constructed · Payer unfilled
- ✓ Rada nie obciążyła tej kwoty. GEN-neg · tej kwoty · same MeasureP
- ✓ Rada obciążyła trzy tokeny. counted QP · ACC · constructed
- ✓ Rada nie obciążyła trzech tokenów. GEN on the whole QP · unit inside · not stranded
- ✓ Rada nie naliczyła trzech tokenów. same host on naliczyć
- ✓ Rada nie obciążyła 0,3 ETH. decimal does not spell the ending · still the MeasureP host · constructed
- * Rada nie obciążyła tę kwotę. accusative left under nie
- * Ile obciążyła rada ETH? LBC · unit out of the QP · same shape as Ile zapisała rada ETH
- ✓ ATT parallel, not this rule: Czy nie przypisali wczesne ukończenie wykonawcy? ATT Charge is not the measuring QP · attribute-att-pl.html
- ✓ blame parallel, not this rule: Czy nie obwiniali wykonawcę o opóźnienie? blame Target is not the measuring QP · blame-pl.html
- ✓ ACCUSE parallel, not this root: Komisja oskarżyła wykonawcę o opóźnienie. printed on the blame page · ACC = Target · oskarżyć ≠ obciążyć
- ✓ HU parallel, the cut this page does not copy backward: Nem számolnak fel? accusative fee stays · fel separates · charge-fee-hu.html
- ✓ BG parallel, the cut this page does not copy backward: Не таксувате ли? direct object stays · no genitive · charge-fee-bg.html
A bare nie challenges the levy. The genitive is how Polish spells the challenged MeasureP when the object inflects. It does not grow a double object and it does not peel the currency out of the QP. The plate’s “promoted Payer” host is real as a prediction and unfilled as a string. ATT’s working-paper NegQ keeps accusative on Charge. Blame’s working-paper NegQ keeps accusative on Target. Those pages already say the measuring-QP rewrite belongs on a measuring root. The ledger page is one such host. This page is the levy host. Ordinary genitive of negation on other accusatives of other verbs is not re-elicited.
Geometry · chargeFEE beside the live Polish roots
In the FEE geometry the Payer is the person the money comes FROM. In płacić the Recipient is the person the money goes TO. e2 of chargeFEE is debit / OWE of ⟨n,U⟩ on the Payer. A later payment does not have to be true for the levy to be true.
- płacić / zapłacić / przelewać / przelać / payGIVE. Index 2 Payment. Shared MeasureP family, opposite direction. Payment-true is that later event, not e2 of obciążyć. The Payment line cites those four forms. It does not cite this levy lemma.
- sell. Price is the MeasureP of a HAVE-goods root. A fee Consideration is not that Price. No Polish sell micro-entry is opened here. sell·Navajo stays deferred.
- deduct. Shared FROM + MeasureP. English deduct keeps Domain as a from-PP. English chargeFEE can promote the Payer to a bare object beside the MeasureP. Polish does not copy that promotion as two bare Themes. The Payer’s Case letter stays open. The same GEN-neg hits a deduct QP. That does not make decrement this root. Live twin: deduct-pl.html.
- oskarżyć / chargeACCUSE. Ascription: Judge > Target > Accusation. Different root on the same Group C plate. The printed companion is Komisja oskarżyła wykonawcę o opóźnienie. Accusative there is the Target. No selected MeasureP. No ApplFROM of money. See charge-accuse.html.
- obwiniać / winić. Live at blame-pl.html. Index 2 Attitude. Accusative is the Target. Charge wears za, o, or za to, że. GEN-neg on that page does not rewrite the Target/Charge association. za there is Charge content. It is not this page’s Consideration hunch, and it is not a fee’s denomination.
- chargeACCOUNT. To-card Destination is book-entry. This plate does not give it a Polish lemma. The FEE page keeps ApplFROM and the measuring object.
- zapisać / creditFIN. Live at credit-fin-pl.html. TO ledger increment: accusative MeasureP + na+Account, GEN-neg on that QP, bound za-. Opposite polarity from FROM. The shared genitive spell-out does not make the roots one lemma. The ledger page already names obciążyć among later events that can reverse a book. That later debit is this levy. It is not zapisać, and it is not Index 2 payment. na there is Account. It is not this page’s Payer.
- przypisywać / attributeATT. Live at attribute-att-pl.html. Content ascription. Accusative = Charge. Dative = Target. No MeasureP. GEN-neg is not applied to ATT Charge on the live page. wykonawcy there is the Target. It is not a Payer of a fee.
- Hungarian Focus and Bulgarian clusters. Live felszámol separates fel- under one preverbal host. Live таксувам has no genitive and no particle; its clusters do not split Amount from unit. Polish nie rewrites the measure object and leaves ob- on the stem. Do not import the particle. Do not import a Bulgarian cluster star as if it had been printed in Polish.
- Debit-true is e2. Goods-HAVE is sell’s e2. HAS_ON_BOOKS is zapisać’s e2. Guilt is oskarżyć’s and obwiniać’s business. None of those is e2 of obciążyć.
Shells, ApplP, and Case
Merge Merge
Chargor, Payer, and MeasureP are selected. The MeasureP merges under √CHARGE_FEE as one object. Amount and Denomination are inside it. ob- and na- are not arguments. No double object of two bare Themes and no ApplHAVE of goods.
Agree Agree
v agrees with the MeasureP: accusative in the affirmative, genitive under nie. That genitive is the same object. Payer Case is not given a second Agree, because DAT versus ACC promotion is unranked.
Move Move
WH fronts. Amount does not move out of the MeasureP (LBC). ob- and na- do not leave the stem. There is no unique preverbal Focus slot, and no Hungarian particle to strand.
Filter Filter
Voice: weather is not a Chargor. The filter survives Neg. Gold e2 is debit / OWE, not payment. No double object. GEN-neg is not a new theta. oskarżyć is a different root.
- M1√CHARGE_FEE merges with MeasureP ⟨Amount, Denom⟩
- M2ApplFROM merges Payer · Case letter open
- M3Voice merges Chargor
- A4v ↔ MeasureP · ACC, or GEN under nie (same object)
- V5WH fronts; Amount stays inside MeasureP
- V6Prefixes ob- / na- stay on the stem
- F7Voice filter · weather ≠ Chargor
- G8Gold · debit / OWE ≠ płacić · LBC holds · GEN-neg ≠ new theta
Base tree (Polish · Payer Case unlabelled)
VoiceP [ Chargor
ApplP_FROM [ Payer_Case open [ Appl_FROM
VP [ ob- / na- √CHARGE_FEE- [ MeasureP [ Amount ] [ N U ] ] ] ] ]
PP_Consideration [ letter open ] ]
No particle leaves the verb. WH fronts. It does not split Amount from U. nie rewrites accusative to genitive on that one object.
Negative field (one MeasureP · prefix stays)
Neg [ nie ]
VP [ obciążyła / naliczyła [ prefix stays ] ]
— MeasureP: ACC → GEN (tej kwoty / trzech tokenów)
— unit stays inside the QP
— Payer Case unranked, so no second object is written
— no stranding of ob- or na-
Voice introduces Chargor. ApplFROM introduces Payer. MeasureP sits as Incremental Theme of the debit. Consideration attaches outside that object; its preposition is not ranked. There is no Recipient HAVE shell, no Hungarian verb-modifier slot, and no English double object of two bare Themes. Putting any of those in is how a four-place accident gets written.
Proto-roles are shell-local. Chargor is a partial Proto-Agent (institution, script, meter). Payer is Proto-Source, not Proto-Recipient. MeasureP is Incremental Theme of the debit. Denomination is not a further theta role.
Neo-Davidsonian sketch
∃e [ CHARGE(e)
∧ INIT(e, chargor)
∧ FROM(e, payer)
∧ TH(e, ⟨n, U⟩)
∧ CONSID(e, consideration) ]
e2: debit / OWE-state of ⟨n,U⟩ on the Payer. Payment-true is a later płacić / zapłacić / payGIVE, not e2. Genitive of negation does not change the semantics.
Voice filter
Weather fails Chargor. An institutional Initiator (meter, script, shop, bank) is fine. The illustrations leave the Payer unfilled so they do not smuggle a Case judgment. *Zła pogoda obciążyła tę kwotę. ✓Parkometr obciążył tę kwotę. Both constructed.
Underivables (Polish)
- * Ile obciążyła rada ETH? LBC · stranded unit
- * Rada nie obciążyła tę kwotę. accusative MeasureP under nie
- * Two bare Themes (Payer + MeasureP). English DOC not copied · no filled string filed
- * Rada nie ciążyła ob tej kwoty. separable prefix · Hungarian felszámol, not Polish
- * A unique Focus host, or Mit and miben both preverbal. Hungarian Focus · not this page
- * First-out-of-the-blue U as the default of bare WHAT. denomination note · marked U · not the first answer · Polish spelling constructed
- * Zła pogoda obciążyła tę kwotę. Voice filter · constructed
- * Fee MeasureP on oskarżyć, or an accusation on obciążyć / naliczyć. different roots · live blame is obwiniać / winić
- * Ledger na+Account, or ATT Charge, as this MeasureP. zapisać and przypisywać stay on their pages
- * Payment entailed by the levy. e2 is debit / OWE · płacić is later
Group C packaging · Polish FEE closes the set
Group C (Hungarian, Bulgarian, Polish) is the Inner European Focus / cluster / GEN-neg contrast set already named on chargeFEE · English. Same hierarchy as the English levy. Hungarian felszámol hosts the fee as an accusative MeasureP, with one preverbal Focus and separation of fel-. Bulgarian таксувам hosts the fee as a direct-object MeasureP. Clusters do not split Amount from unit. за is Consideration. The comparison probe’s Payer is на. обвинявам is its ACCUSE pair. Polish hosts the fee on obciążyć / naliczyć. Genitive of negation hits the measure QP. A promoted Payer is the other named host and stays unranked against dative. The genitive does not strand a unit. oskarżyć is the ACCUSE pair. This page is Polish FEE only, and it closes Group C FEE (HU + BG + PL). German FEE is live at charge-fee-de.html and is not hosted here. Dutch in rekening brengen is live and is not hosted here. Norwegian belaste / ta betalt stays unopened. oskarżyć stays unmerged. Live obwiniać / winić stay on blame-pl.html.
Open items
- Payer Case. Dative versus accusative promotion. The Group C note names a promoted Payer as a possible GEN-neg host and does not print the Case letter. No komu frame and no second bare object is filed.
- Consideration za. Hunch, parallel to Bulgarian за and to blame’s printed za (different licenser). Bitcoin animacy is unranked. Not a printed Polish denomination string.
- Imperfective stems. obciążać and naliczać are the ordinary aspect companions of the two printed perfectives. The plate does not print them. A present habitual WH would use them. They stay a hunch.
- Relative color of the two names. obciążyć is the root named beside oskarżyć. naliczyć is the queue’s other FEE name. Productivity of one against the other is not ranked. Same geometry.
- Multiple WH. Open Group C flag, as on credit-fin-pl.html. Not an elicited superiority paradigm and not Hungarian Focus uniqueness.
- Group D FEE. German berechnen / belasten is live and opens the set. Dutch in rekening brengen continues it. Norwegian belaste is live and closes it. Not this page.
- sell·Navajo stays deferred. No
credit-merit-bg.html and no credit-merit-pl.html.
Corpus filenames
Primary extract is the Group C plate of the charge lexical entry: commercial obciążyć beside ACCUSE oskarżyć, with genitive of negation on the measure QP or a promoted Payer, not on a stranded unit. naliczyć is the queue’s second FEE name of the same geometry. The denomination note’s printed Group C rows are Hungarian and Bulgarian; Polish WH and the za bitcoin line are constructed parallels and a hunch, not a new interview. Visible case reuses the noun QP already printed on credit-fin-pl.html. DOCX originals under the Tritransitive lit tree. Index 2 Payment remains płacić / zapłacić, przelewać / przelać.
- Lexical_Entry_Charge_Argument_Structure.docx primary · Group C plate · obciążyć / oskarżyć · GEN-neg on the QP or a promoted Payer
- Charge_Denomination_Reading_What_Do_You_Charge.docx Group C printed rows are HU and BG · Polish WH constructed in parallel
- Charge_Five_Arguments_Larson_Shells.docx Appl_FROM · five-participant surface
- Negative_Questions_Charge.docx NegQ companion · GEN-neg host is this commercial root
- credit-fin-pl.html live spell-out · tę kwotę / tej kwoty · trzy tokeny / trzech tokenów · LBC Ile … ETH
Series placement: Polish sense×language twin of English chargeFEE, Hungarian felszámol, Bulgarian таксувам, Japanese seikyū, Spanish cobrar, French facturer, Italian addebitare, and Mandarin 收 / 收费. Closes Group C FEE after Hungarian and Bulgarian. VERB_COUNT stays 10. Does not log chargeACCUSE into sprint Done (prior seed outside Done).
Index 2 citations for neighbouring Payment class
chargeFEE is Beyond Index 2. The Payment cell stays płacić / zapłacić, przelewać / przelać.