Theme, counter-Theme, Partner · से on more than one side · working claim, revisable
बदलना · badalnā · Theme, bare or को · counter-Theme से, where a line fills one · McGregor sense 6, to exchange (for, से)
के बदले · ke badle · postposition with के · McGregor in exchange or return (for) · Platts in exchange (for -ke), in return, in lieu · बदले में the adverb
Partner · बदल करना · McGregor and Platts के साथ, or से · with, or for · the parenthesis does not lock one English preposition to one marker
Reciprocal · आपस में · mutually · अदला-बदली करना · आदान-प्रदान करना · a plural subject, a genitive Theme on the light-verb lines
Ergative · ने · the subject of a perfective transitive clause · Cambridge उसने and मैंने · absent from the intransitive lines and from the modal
बदलवाना · morphological causative · McGregor to cause to be changed (by, से) · the causee, not the counter-Theme
Money · भुनाना · McGregor to cause to be changed (money: by, से) · शब्दसागर large coins को, small coins से · Cambridge currency को and में · छुट्टा the noun
An exchange, on this reading, has someone who gives a thing and receives another, and a partner when a line names one. English exchange X for Y with Z keeps for on the thing received and with on the partner. Hindi prints से in the for slot, in the same parenthesis as के साथ, as by on the causative, and as from on a place. के बदले is a second way of naming the other item. The verb, the light verb, and the line decide which reading a phrase is filed under.
बदलना. The Theme is bare, or it is को. R. S. McGregor, The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, lists बदलना badalnā as intransitive and transitive. Sense 6 of the transitive is to exchange (for, से), and to barter. Sense 2 of the intransitive is to be exchanged (for something else). That gloss names no Hindi postposition. The Hindī śabdasāgara (DSAL dasa-hindi) transitive sense 3 is giving one thing and taking another, or taking one thing and giving another: एक वस्तु देकर दूसरी वस्तु लेना या एक वस्तु लेकर दूसरी वस्तु देना, glossed विनिमय करना. The filled objects there are bare: खोटा रुपया बदलना, and, in the place sense beside it, घर बदलना, कपड़ा बदलना. The Cambridge English–Hindi change entry prints a bare noun in a finite clause, उसने अभी-अभी नौकरी बदली है, and a को-marked noun in the infinitive, उन पतलूनों को … पतलूनों से बदलना. The exchange entry prints the pronoun in its को-form, इसे बदल सकते हैं. Bare and को are both printed. They are not one spelling of the same line.
से on the other thing, and which side that is. McGregor’s for is the English slot the Polish page keeps on the thing received. Where Cambridge fills both nouns, the trousers that were bought, the ones given back, are को, and the larger pair is से: मुझे अपने खरीदे हुए उन पतलूनों को उनसे बड़ी पतलूनों से बदलना पड़ा. The same entry’s exchange sentence puts the larger size in से on the light verb: मैंने उन पतलूनों की अदला-बदली एक बड़े माप से की. The śabdasāgara transitive sense 2 says the place of one thing is filled by another thing, दूसरी वस्तु से. Its definition of भुनाना in the money sense uses the same shape: बड़े सिक्के आदि को छोटे सिक्कों आदि से बदलना. On these lines the को noun is the thing whose place is filled, and से is the thing that fills it. The silver-and-gold example does not use से. The śabdasāgara prints चादी बदलकर सोना लेना. The first metal is the object of बदलकर. सोना is the object of लेना, the thing taken. The definition’s paraphrase also runs the other way, taking and then giving. That order is not printed as a से phrase with the sides reversed.
से is not reserved for that slot. McGregor’s noun बदल gives करना as to exchange (with, or for, के साथ, or से), and to substitute (for, से). John T. Platts, A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English, prints the same government: badal karnā (-ke sāth, or -se), to make an exchange (with, or for). The two markers sit in one parenthesis. Platts orders के साथ then से beside with then for. McGregor does not add a further split. The śabdasāgara intransitive idiom किसी से बदल जाना is one’s thing going to someone and that person’s thing coming back, and the entry says किसी means that person’s thing. The example is यह मेरा छाता नहीं है, किसी से बदल गया है. से there names the other side’s thing, and both things move. A different से is the place left in the transfer-of-post line, वह कलक्टर यहाँ से बदल गया. यहाँ से is from here. It is not the goods of the exchange sense.
के बदले, the postpositional counter-theme. McGregor’s बदला sense 5 is a postposition with के, in exchange or return (for). बदले में is the adverb, in exchange. Platts’s badle is in exchange (for -ke), in return (for), and in lieu (of). His noun बदल, used as a postposition, is in exchange (for, -ke, or -se). The śabdasāgara prints इस तिपाई को हटाकर इसके बदले एक कुरसी रखो: the stool is the बदले phrase, the thing removed, and the chair is what is put there. Cambridge prints उन्हें काम के बदले में खाना और रहने की जगह दी जाती थी, “food and shelter in exchange for work.” The work is the के बदले में phrase. The food is what was given. The postposition’s noun is the item the other item answers. On the shop line, से is the larger size, the thing received. के बदले is not that से.
The partner, and the reciprocal. के साथ is the with of McGregor’s and Platts’s बदल करना. से is the other marker in that parenthesis, so a person in से is not automatically the partner, and not automatically the counter-thing. The śabdasāgara’s किसी से is the note that says the person stands for the person’s thing. Cambridge’s pattern gloss of आदान-प्रदान करना is एक दूसरे के संग. संग is that gloss. The shirt sentence prints दोनों टीमों के लिए. के लिए is not के साथ, and it is not के बदले. McGregor’s आपस adverb में is among themselves, mutually, reciprocally. The śabdasāgara glosses आपस में as mutually and as एक दूसरे के साथ, and its filled clause is वे आपस में लड़ रहे है, not बदलना. A clause आपस में बदलना is constructed below. McGregor’s अदला-बदली is exchange, interchange, bartering, and something given in exchange, and ~ करना is to exchange. He labels the noun masculine. Cambridge’s की in अदला-बदली … की treats that noun as feminine. Both labels stay on the page. McGregor’s आदान-प्रदान is taking and giving: interchange, exchange. Cambridge prints the light verb, with a genitive Theme: शर्टों का आदान-प्रदान, विचारों/राय का आदान-प्रदान, पतों का आदान-प्रदान. Shirts, views, and addresses are the things exchanged. The members are a plural subject, सदस्य … कर सकें.
Ergative ने. Cambridge’s perfective transitive clauses put ने on the subject: उसने अभी-अभी नौकरी बदली है, and मैंने उन पतलूनों की अदला-बदली एक बड़े माप से की. नौकरी is bare, and बदली matches that feminine noun. की matches अदला-बदली as Cambridge’s sentence treats it. The intransitive lines in the śabdasāgara have no ने: उसकी शकल बदल गई, मेरा छाता बदल गया. The verb matches the subject. The modal आप इसे बदल सकते हैं has no ने. मुझे … बदलना पड़ा is the dative of पड़ना on an infinitive. It is not ने on बदलना.
बदलवाना, briefly. McGregor’s बदलवाना badalvānā is to cause to be changed (by, से), and to change. Platts calls it the causative of बदलना: to cause to be exchanged, to have or get changed. The śabdasāgara is बदलने का काम कराना. The -वा- is that outer causative. McGregor’s से on this verb is the causee, by. It is the same postposition as the counter-Theme of बदलना. No article stacks a causee in से and a counter-thing in से. The causative note is Causative templates and argument selection.
Changing money. McGregor’s second भुनाना bhunānā is to cause to be changed (money: by, से), and to change. The first भुनाना is to cause to be fried (by, से). That is not the money frame. The śabdasāgara money sense is turning rupees into aṭhannī and cavannī coins, and बड़े सिक्के आदि को छोटे सिक्कों आदि से बदलना. The large coin is को. The small coins are से. Jāyasī’s जो इक रतन भुनावै कोई is the citation under that sense. It is a gem, not a denomination. खोटा रुपया बदलना is the bare bad rupee, on बदलना, not on भुनाना. Cambridge’s currency line is डॉलरों को इंग्लैंड की मुद्रा में बदलने: को the dollars, में the currency. छुट्टा is McGregor’s masculine noun, small change, and Cambridge’s noun for the coins given for a note, एक नोट के छुट्टे. A verb छुट्टा कराना is not in these entries.