Theme, new item, partner · one ב־ · working claim, revisable
לְהַחֲלִיף · lehaḥlif · hifʿil · root ח־ל־ף · Pealim: to exchange, to swap · Wiktionary: to swap, exchange, change; to replace one thing with another
Theme · direct object · את on a definite noun in the Milog lines and in Genesis 31:7 · bare when the noun is indefinite: פרה, שקלים, מילה
New item · ב־ · הַמַּחֲלִיף פָּרָה בַּחֲמוֹר · Milog את הרכב הישן במכונית חדשה · שקלים ביורו
Currency also ל־ · Milog דולרים למטבע מקומי on החליף · את הדולרים שלו ללירות שטרלינג on המיר
תמורת · בתמורה ל־ · in return for · the sale-law note נכס תמורת נכס · Milog בתמורה לעזרתו
Partner · עם · Wiktionary אִתָּהּ · Netzer records עם on the new item in speech, and calls ב־ the form he wants there
Reciprocal · Pealim hitpaʿel לְהִתְחַלֵּף · past הִתְחַלֵּף / הִתְחַלְּפוּ · future 1pl נִתְחַלֵּף, the nitpaʿel shape · Milog’s filled clauses are התחלף לאביב and לאדום
The one difference from English exchange X for Y. English exchange X for Y marks the thing received with for. English replace X with Y marks the new item with with. Hebrew החליף את X ב־Y puts the thing given up in the direct object and the new item in ב־, in the trade line and in the replace line. Mishnah Bava Metzia 8:4, הַמַּחֲלִיף פָּרָה בַּחֲמוֹר, is Sefaria’s “one who exchanges a cow for a donkey”: the cow is given, and בַּחֲמוֹר is the donkey received, so for on that gloss sits on ב־. Milog’s replace line is הוא החליף את הרכב הישן במכונית חדשה: את the old vehicle, ב־ the new car, the slot English marks with with. One Hebrew preposition covers both English prepositions. The same ב־ is a time phrase in Milog’s sports line, במחצית השנייה, and Netzer’s instrument ב־ is במקל on a different verb. English for is neither the half nor the stick.
לְהַחֲלִיף. Hifʿil of ח־ל־ף. Pealim’s table for לְהַחֲלִיף labels the binyan hifʿil and the root ח - ל - ף, and glosses the verb “to exchange, to swap.” The infinitive is printed twice, לְהַחֲלִיף lehachalif and לְהַחְלִיף lehachlif. The past third-person masculine is הֶחֱלִיף hechelif and הֶחְלִיף hechlif, “he / it exchanged.” Wiktionary’s headword is הֶחְלִיף hekhlíf, hifʿil, Modern Israeli /(h)eχˈlif/, root ח־ל־ף, glossed “to swap, exchange, change; to replace one thing with another.” The reference line names Abraham Even-Shoshan, ha-milón he-ḥadash (1984), volume 1, page 399, under חלף, הֶחֱלִיף. The wording of that entry is not quoted.
The direct object, and את. Wiktionary’s Genesis 31:7 is וְהֶחֱלִף אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּי עֲשֶׂרֶת מֹנִים, “changed my wages ten times.” אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּי is the thing changed. No second noun is in the verse. Genesis 35:2 is וְהַחֲלִיפוּ שִׂמְלֹתֵיכֶם, “change your garments.” The garments are the object, and the verse prints no את. Wiktionary’s modern figurative line is לֹא הֶחְלַפְתִּי אִתָּהּ מִלָּה, “I didn’t exchange a single word with her.” מִלָּה is indefinite and bare. אִתָּהּ is the partner. Milog’s definite objects take את: את הרכב הישן, את שיטת העבודה הישנה, את השחקן הוותיק. The mishnah’s פָּרָה is indefinite and bare. את on these lines is the definite-object mark. It is the thing given up or replaced, where the line is a replacement, and it is the player removed in the sports line below.
ב־ on the new item. Replace and trade use it. Milog’s first sense is stopping one thing and going over to another. The filled lines are החברה החליפה את שיטת העבודה הישנה במערכת ממוחשבת and הוא החליף את הרכב הישן במכונית חדשה. את is the old method and the old vehicle. ב־ is the computer system and the new car, the thing that takes the place. A third line in that sense has no ב־: היא החליפה מקום עבודה, a bare workplace. Mishnah Bava Metzia 8:4 opens הַמַּחֲלִיף פָּרָה בַּחֲמוֹר. Sefaria glosses it “one who exchanges a cow for a donkey,” and the note there says the owner of the cow acquires the donkey and the owner of the donkey acquires the cow. The cow is the object given. בַּחֲמוֹר is the donkey received. Milog’s currency sense is “he converted money from one currency to another,” and one example is הוא החליף שקלים ביורו. שקלים is bare, the money given. ביורו is the euros. The replace line and the trade line print the same ב־.
ב־ is also the time, and elsewhere the instrument. Milog’s sports sense, “come on as a substitute,” prints הוא החליף את חברו לקבוצה במחצית השנייה. את חברו is the teammate replaced. במחצית השנייה is “in the second half.” That ב־ is the time, not a new player and not a new car. Nissan Netzer, “Ha-ʿivrit be-tsel ha-laʿaz: teḥum ha-millot,” Leshonenu la-ʿam 47 (5756), says the preposition ב marks the instrument, and he quotes Numbers 22:27 as ויך את האתון במקל. The verb of that verse is the striking, not החליף. A place ב־ on החליף itself is unprinted in the lines cited here. The letter that marks the new car is the letter that marks the half, and the letter Netzer cites for the stick.
ל־ on the currency, beside ב־. The same Milog currency sense prints בדלפק שבשדה התעופה החלפנו דולרים למטבע מקומי. The dollars are bare. למטבע מקומי is the local currency, the money received. ביורו and למטבע מקומי are both in that sense. Pealim glosses לְהָמִיר lehamir, hifʿil of מ - ו - ר, as “to change, to convert,” past הֵמִיר hemir. Milog’s currency sense of להמיר is exchanging a sum in one currency for an equivalent sum in another: הוא המיר שקלים ביורו and בבנק המירו את הדולרים שלו ללירות שטרלינג. ב־ the euros, ל־ the pounds. The replace sense of המיר uses ב־ as החליף does: הוא המיר את רכבו הישן ברכב חסכוני. The received currency is not locked to one preposition on either verb.
תמורת and בתמורה ל־. Milog’s תְּמוּרָה sense 2 is what is received against something given, sold, or done. The example בתמורה לעזרתו הוצע לו כרטיס חינם puts the help in בתמורה ל־ and the ticket as what was offered. The article “Ha-derekh likboa im iska mesuyemet hi mekher o ḥalifin” states חליפין הוא הקניית נכס תמורת נכס, and says a sale is הקניית נכס תמורת מחיר, דהיינו כסף. It gives ישן תמורת חדש as a modern case, the old item in return for the new. תמורת there governs the new item. בתמורה לעזרתו governs the help, the thing the ticket answers. The phrase is “in return for.” It is a different marker from the ב־ of במכונית חדשה.
The partner עם, and עם on the new item. Wiktionary’s אִתָּהּ is the person: he did not exchange a word with her. Netzer’s section on ב exchanged for עם says that in contemporary language ב is often replaced by עם under foreign influence. The speech lines he prints are תחליפי את המכנסיים עם שמלה and מי החליף את העט שלו עם העט שלי. The form he calls the proper one is החליפי את המכנסיים בשמלה. On that recommended line the trousers are את, the thing taken off, and the dress is ב־, the thing put on. עם שמלה is the same second noun with the partner preposition. The page keeps the speech line and the ב־ line. A person in עם and a new item in עם are both printed, on different sources.
הִתְחַלֵּף, הִתְחַלְּפוּ, and the nitpaʿel infinitive. Pealim’s לְהִתְחַלֵּף lehitchalef is hitpaʿel of the same root, glossed “to exchange, to be changed.” The past third-person masculine is הִתְחַלֵּף hitchalef, “he / it exchanged,” and the past third-person plural is הִתְחַלְּפוּ hitchalfu, “they exchanged.” The first-person plural future on that table is נִתְחַלֵּף nitchalef. That future, and the infinitive לְהִתְחַלֵּף, are the nitpaʿel shape of the hitpaʿel binyan. Pealim’s label on the table is hitpaʿel. Milog defines לְהִתְחַלֵּף as changing state, form, content, or colour, and fills החורף התחלף לאביב and הרמזור התחלף לאדום. ל־ there is the new state, spring and red. Those clauses have one subject and no second party. A reciprocal trade התחלפו with a ב־ of goods is constructed below. Pealim also prints a hufʿal passive of החליף, הֻחְלַף, “he / it was exchanged.” That passive is not the hitpaʿel plural.
The nouns חליפין and החלפה, and the sports subject. Milog’s חֲלִיפִין is masculine plural, “replacement of one thing by another,” glossed barter, exchange: החלפה של דבר אחד בדבר אחר. The other thing in that definition is ב־. The examples are a transaction by חליפין rather than a cash payment, and trade by means of חליפין. Pealim’s הַחְלָפָה hachlafa is the feminine action noun, “replacement, exchange, swapping.” Milog’s הַחְלָפָה is removing something and bringing something else in its place. One chess sense uses בתמורה ל־ for the answering capture. Milog’s sports finite is a different subject: בדקה השבעים החליף החלוץ הצעיר את השחקן הוותיק. The young striker is the one who comes on. את השחקן הוותיק is the player removed. There is no ב־ of a second player. English exchange on the mishnah gloss has the exchanger as subject and the cow as the thing given. This sports line has the incoming player as subject and the outgoing player as object.