Event Structure

Working paper · September 2026 · Japanese micro-entry · Beyond Index 2 · Group A · Allocation measure / Purpose

earmark · 用途する / あてがう (yotō-suru / ategau)

Restrict a Resource MeasureP for a Purpose in Japanese. Resource under ACC o; Purpose via Type B tame-ni (RESTRICTED_FOR). Spending, transfer, and HAVE are implicated at most — not entailed. Primary packaging 用途する / yotō-suru and あてがう / 充てがう / ategau (set-aside lean). Companion 充当する / jūtō-suru is a hinge toward Purpose — do not merge with allocateGOAL · JA (割り当てる / ni-Goal). No productive Double-o. Twin: English earmark.

JA micro-entry live Beyond Index 2 Group A packaging ZH / Romance / NV deferred

Sense × language tick: earmark · Japanese (yotō / 用途; ategau / あてがう). Twin: English earmark EN micro-entry. Neighbors: allocateGOAL · JA · deduct · JA · creditFIN · JA · payGIVE · JA · sell · JA · book / reserve / schedule · grantGIVE. Single-sense lemma — no sense subscript. Index 2 does not list Japanese under Allocation.

Working paper. Japanese-only micro-entry from Allocate_Earmark_Comparison §11.1 Group A (yotō-suru / ategau lean earmark / set-aside; Purpose tame-ni; o-Resource) and sister geometry from Lexical_Entry_Earmark_Argument_Structure / Negative_Questions_Earmark. Twin page: earmark.html. Contrast live Goal twin: allocate-goal-ja.html. Constructed diagnostics diagnose particles, Double-o, Purpose vs Goal vs Beneficiary, MeasureP / floating counters, and missing spend/HAVE; they are not spontaneous-speech citations. Mandarin / Romance / Navajo companions in the same DOCX are pointed only — this tick does not deepen them.
Constructed examples. Frames below are packaging hypotheses aligned with Group A notes (“Japanese wariate-suru / tō-o waru lean allocate (ni-Goal, o-Theme); yotō-suru / ategau can lean earmark / set-aside. Purpose tame-ni on both; Goal ni on allocate-verbs. Double-o still unused.”). Restriction-true is e2. Spending, building the technology, transfer out of the reserve, and HAVE are not entailed. Do not fake elicitation.
Beyond Index 2. Index 2 does not list Japanese under Allocation, and it does not list earmark as an Index 2 lemma. Index 2 Allocation cites book, reserve, and schedule only. Like allocateGOAL · Japanese and deduct · Japanese, this root sits Beyond Index 2 as a Group A sense×language page. Keep Purpose as Type B tame-ni; do not collapse to allocate’s ni-Goal or grant’s required HAVE.
Scout / deferred. Mandarin 专款专用 / 指定用于 / 把, Romance destinar / flécher / accantonare, and Navajo classificatory-stem packaging remain labeled speculation/scout. Relative productivity of 用途する vs あてがう / 充てがう vs hinge 充当する is scout-leaning where the extract lists forms without ranking them. Orthography 与当する appears in packaging notes beside yotō — treated as scout alternate writing of the same Purpose lean, not a second root. No fake elicitation.

Hierarchy

Same inventory as English earmark. Not three co-arguments of one V predicting a stable Double-o and a transfer. Surface count can name the president, 14M BTC, and new technology — but Purpose is a use-property (type ⟨s,t⟩) via Japanese tame-ni, not a Goal of motion via ni (allocate) and not a HAVE-Recipient (grant). Writing those three as sisters predicts two ACC Themes and a spend entailment. Japanese keeps Purpose oblique, and it still refuses two o.

Intended labeling (shared with English)

√EARMARK + Resource (MeasureP ⟨Amount, Denomination⟩ · o) + PurpP / Type B (tame-ni Purpose) · RESTRICTED_FOR

Voice introduces Agent / Initiator with authority. Resource is the measuring inner argument — often a Measure QP ⟨n, U⟩ (14M BTC) under ACC o. Purpose is a Type B layer outside the first phase of designate: RESTRICTED_FOR(e, m, P), with P a use-property. Optional Beneficiary, Time, or Instrument remain high and unmeasured (extra tame-ni / peripheral P — or ni coerced toward allocate). Spending / transfer / HAVE are not listed results. Packaging (用途する, あてがう, 充てがう) keeps one Purpose geometry; 充当する is hinge, not merge.

14M BTC = one MeasureP. Orthography / #P morphology is not extra arity. Amount and Denomination share one Case object. Composition is V(#P), not V(n)(U). Hom(m, e): the designation is measured by the quantity. Floating counters under negation still split N from Num+# — they do not split Amount from unit as two verbal sisters (MeasureP_Japanese_Counters).

Working hierarchy: Agent > Resource > Purpose (> optional Beneficiary, Time, Instrument — high / peripheral). Resource outranks Purpose for Case, passives, and measuring. What Group A Japanese changes is particle cloth. What it does not change is the inventory.

Neo-Davidsonian sketch (entry §7.2 · JA cloth)

∃e [ DESIGNATE(e)
  ∧ INITIATOR(e, pres_sv)
  ∧ RESOURCE(e, 14m_btc)
  ∧ RESTRICTED_FOR(e, 14m_btc, λe′. USE_IN_NEW_TECH(e′))
  ∧ Hom(14m_btc, e) ]

RESTRICTED_FOR(e, m, P) says: after e, in the relevant budget/legal world, m is available only for eventualities that satisfy P. It does not say that some e′ in P occurs. Contrast √ALLOCATEGOAL: DESIGNATE ∧ THEME ∧ GOAL ∧ optional HAVE — listed third is ni-individual. Contrast grantGIVE: Appl_HAVE required. Japanese spells Purpose as tame-ni, Goal as ni.

Japanese frames · Case clothes

Resource object under o; Purpose as tame-ni-PP. Double-o is unused — Purpose does not become a second ACC, and Beneficiary does not promote the way allocate’s Goal does. Four-place surface: tame-ni Purpose (+ optional Beneficiary / Time). Primary lemmas: 用途する / yotō-suru; あてがう / 充てがう / ategau. Companion 充当する / jūtō-suru is Purpose-leaning hinge — flagged next to allocate, not merged here.

  1. ✓ 大統領は新技術のために 14M BTC を用途した。 canonical · o-Resource · tame-ni Purpose
  2. ✓ 大統領は新技術のために 14M BTC をあてがった。 ategau · same Purpose cloth
  3. ✓ エネルギーを買うために資金を用途した。 Purpose infinitive · Type B
  4. ✓ 余剰を用途した。 Purpose contextually bound
  5. ✓ 省のために 14M をあてがった。 Beneficiary; Purpose implicit
  6. ✓ 省のために技術のために 14M を用途した。 four-place surface · two tame-ni
  7. ✓ 戦略備蓄としてコインを用途した。 as-Role · classification, not Purpose
  8. ? 14M BTC を省に用途した。 ni coerces toward allocate Goal · packaging change
  9. ✓ 14M BTC を省に割り当てた。 allocate contrast · ni-Goal live
  10. * 大統領は新技術を 14M BTC を用途した。 no Double-o · Purpose ≠ second ACC
  11. * 大統領は省を 14M BTC をあてがった。 no Double-o · Ben ≠ ACC
  12. ✓ 14M BTC は新技術のために用途された。 Resource QP promotes
  13. * 新技術は 14M BTC を用途された。 Purpose ≠ ACC promote
  14. * 省は 14M BTC をあてがわれた。 Ben ≠ Goal-promote · use allocate / grant
  15. ✓ 省は 14M BTC を割り当てられた。 allocate Goal promote · * on this root
  16. * トランプが勝つことを 14M BTC に用途した。 Purpose ≠ settlement Content

Passive · Resource vs Purpose vs Beneficiary

✓ 14M BTC は新技術のために用途された。 QP promotes as a whole

✓ 技術のために用途された資金 … adjectival · e2 restriction state

* 14M は BTC を新技術のために用途された。 Amount ≠ separate promote

* BTC は 14M を新技術のために用途された。 U ≠ separate promote

* 新技術は 14M BTC を用途された。 Purpose stays tame-ni

* 省は 14M BTC をあてがわれた。 Ben ≠ ACC · allocate Goal contrast

✓ 省は 14M BTC を割り当てられた。 allocateGOAL · Goal promotes

tame-ni vs ni · keep the attachments apart

✓ 新技術のために / 技術のために Purpose (use) · core third on this root · paraphrase: to be used in / to fund; no HAVE

✓ 省のために Beneficiary (user) · paraphrase: so the ministry can use it

✓ 来年度のために Time (slot)

✓ 省に on 割り当てる Goal (individual) · allocate cloth · not listed third here

* 0.99 ETH のために on this root as Price Theme₂ of SWAP · that is trade

* トランプが勝つために on this root as listed third Proposition of bet

Companions · one Purpose geometry, one hinge

✓ 用途する primary · yotō-suru · Purpose / set-aside lean

✓ あてがう / 充てがう ategau · same earmark lean

? 充当する + tame-ni Purpose vs ni Goal jūtō hinge · destinar-class · do not merge with allocate

✓ 割り当てる / 配分する wariate / haibun · allocate Goal · pointer only

MeasureP WH · denomination diagnostics

WH forces Amount ≠ Denomination inside one Case object. Verbal WH sees the Resource MeasureP under o, not unit and degree as two objects of earmark. Same MeasureP pattern as payGIVE’s Amount, sell’s Price, chargeFEE’s fee, deduct’s decrement, bet’s Stake, and allocate’s Theme — here the MeasureP is the restricted Resource (ACC), and Purpose stays a selected tame-ni-PP.

  1. ✓ 新技術のためにいくら / どれだけの BTC を用途したのか。 unit bound
  2. ✓ 新技術のためにいくらあてがったのか。 unit contextually bound
  3. ✓ 何を新技術のために用途したのか。 bare WHAT · Resource
  4. ✓ 何の通貨で 14M を用途したのか。 U recoding
  5. * 何を 14M を新技術のために用途したのか。 LBC · stranded n · Double-o shape
  6. * いくら BTC を新技術のために用途したのか。 LBC-style strand · Amount leaving unit · JA float confirmation open
  7. ✓ 何のために 14M BTC を用途したのか。 Purpose
  8. * 何を 14M BTC を用途したのか。 Purpose needs tame-ni · not ACC
  9. ✓ 誰のために 14M BTC をあてがったのか。 Beneficiary
  10. * 誰に 14M BTC をあてがったのか。 as allocate Goal ni-Goal is wrong cloth on earmark-leaning ategau
  11. ✓ 誰に 14M BTC を割り当てたのか。 allocate Goal contrast
  12. ✓ 何のためにどれだけの BTC を用途したのか。 Superiority · Resource > Purpose · both WH

Floating counters under -nakatta (open confirmation)

Group A open item: Japanese floating counters under -nakatta on 用途する / あてがう should still split N from Num+# rather than Amount from unit — the MeasureP_Japanese_Counters note. Counters ride the QP; they are not a second object. Double-o remains unused by Purpose and unused by U. This tick logs the prediction; it does not invent a closed elicitation paradigm.

Superiority ranks Agent > Resource > Purpose / Beneficiary > (optional Time / Vehicle). Amount and Denomination never compete as two verbal WH-items. Cheap NegQ association tracks the Case object: ACC MeasureP under 用途する / あてがう. Purpose-tame-ni is selected enough to WH with nan-no tame-ni; it is not a second ACC and does not promote like Goal.

Geometry · earmark ≠ allocateGOAL ≠ grantGIVE ≠ reserve ≠ uru ≠ nyūkin

In 大統領は新技術のために 14M BTC を用途した, the BTC is restricted for a use. New technology does not HAVE the coins. Spending is not e2. That is Allocation with Purpose flavour — not Goal-address (allocate / 割り当てる), not conferral (grant / 交付する), not Risk, not Exchange.

  • ≠ allocateGOAL · JA / 割り当てる. Shared designation, MeasureP, authority, Type B Purpose available, missing spend-true. Split: listed third is Purpose property P via tame-ni (earmark) vs Goal individual y via ni (allocate). Goal promotes (✓ 省は 14M BTC を割り当てられた); earmark Beneficiary does not (*省は 14M BTC をあてがわれた). HAVE idle on earmark, sliding on allocate.
  • ≠ grantGIVE / 交付する / 与える. Shared authority and MeasureP available. Split: grant requires Appl_HAVE / HAVE-RIGHT; earmark refuses HAVE as e2 and keeps Purpose as tame-ni. Follow-up いや、省は引き出し権を得ていない challenges grant e2; on earmark it is idle (restriction can hold without drawing rights).
  • ≠ book / reserve / schedule. Same Allocation family (Index 2 lists those three). Split: reserve a cabin for the team is Beneficiary; schedule for Friday is Time; earmark 14M BTC 新技術のために is Purpose. Same family of heads; different flavour of the non-measuring inner relation.
  • ≠ 売る / sell. Sell: Recipient HAS goods; Price stays inside de. Earmark: Resource is ACC MeasureP of the restriction; 新技術のために is Purpose, not Price. No SWAP inversion.
  • ≠ bet / 賭ける. Shared MeasureP packaging and a non-individual third of type ⟨s,t⟩. Split: bet’s third is settlement Content (Proposition); earmark’s is a use-property (RESTRICTED_FOR). *トランプが勝つことを用途した — Purpose is not Settle(p).
  • ≠ deduct / creditFIN / chargeFEE / payGIVE. Shared MeasureP Hom available. Split: deduct’s de/sei-de is Reason (JUSTIFIED_BY) with FROM decrement; creditFIN writes ledger HAS_ON_BOOKS; chargeFEE / pay write levy or Appl_HAVE. Earmark tags a Resource; amount need not leave. Four for/tame-nis: Purpose (earmark) ≠ Reason (deduct) ≠ Consideration (charge) ≠ Price (sell).
  • Restriction-true is e2. A follow-up that denies spending, building the technology, transfer out of the reserve, or HAVE does not deny the earmark event. Un-earmark / reallocate (再用途 / 再割り当て) is a separate event that terminates e2.

Shells, ApplP, and Case

Base tree (Japanese · Larson-shell sketch)

VoiceP  [ 大統領ga
  (BenP / TimeP)
  VP  [ √EARMARK / √YOTŌ / √ATEGAU   [ MeasureP  [ Amount 14M ] [ N BTC ] ]o ]
  PurpP  [ tame-ni  [ 新技術 ] ] ]

Packaging (same geometry):
  用途する · あてがう · 充てがう
  — Purpose stays tame-ni; Resource stays o
  充当する — hinge (Purpose vs Goal); do not merge

Voice introduces Agent with AUTHORITY(x,e) as a selectional / felicity conjunct — not a fifth argument. Presidents, legislatures, CFOs, DAOs, and statutes pass; bare persons need a hat; weather fails. Resource sits as Incremental Theme of the designation under ACC o. Purpose attaches as Type B Purp/Res outside the first phase, spelled tame-ni. There is no Recipient HAVE shell and no ACC promotion of Purpose or Beneficiary. Putting a promotable ni-Goal in is how the allocate cloth (割り当てる) is written — a different root packaging, not √EARMARK growing a listed Goal.

Japanese assigns ACC to the Resource only. Purpose, Beneficiary, Time, Source are PPs (tame-ni, marked ni toward allocate, kara, de). Passive promotes the Resource QP as a whole — never Amount alone, never U alone, never Purpose into subject, never Beneficiary (*省は 14M BTC をあてがわれた). Double-o is unused.

Voice filter · authority

✓ 誰が / 何が新技術のために 14M BTC を用途したのか。

✓ 大統領 / 議会 / 法案 / 財務省が用途した。 office / statute / body

? キムは客のためにソファをあてがった。 reserve coercion · less authority

* 天気が新技術のために 14M BTC を用途した。 not an Allocator

✓ 14M BTC は大統領によって新技術のために用途された。

Same authority filter as allocate; stronger than deduct’s Allocator-ish filter; different from blame’s Judge filter. Inanimates coerce to offices; meteorological subjects do not.

DOC continuum · Japanese refuses Purpose / Ben as Double-o

* 大統領は新技術を 14M BTC を用途した。 earmark · Purpose ≠ ACC

* 大統領は省を 14M BTC をあてがった。 earmark · Ben ≠ ACC

* 大統領は省を 14M BTC を割り当てた。 allocate · Double-o unused

✓ 財団は研究室に 14M BTC を交付した。 grant · ni Recipient · HAVE

English’s *earmarked new technology 14M* does not license two ACC Themes in Japanese. NegQ cheapness: Resource QP under o is cheap; Purpose needs tame-ni.

Type A · 〜させる wrap

✓ 上司は財務省に 14M BTC を技術のために用途させなかったのか。 outer Neg denies causing · causee = ni (≠ Purpose)

* 上司は財務省を 14M BTC を技術のために用途させなかった。 Double-o under CAUSE

* 上司は天気に 14M BTC を技術のために用途させなかったのか。 weather still not inner Allocator

Type A -sase- over inner EARMARK allows Causee ni and still forbids two o. The Resource stays the inner o. Purpose stays Type B. Spend still not entailed under the wrap.

Underivables (Japanese · this root)

  1. * 新技術は 14M BTC を用途された。 Purpose ≠ ACC / subject
  2. * 省は 14M BTC をあてがわれた。 Ben ≠ ACC · use allocate / grant
  3. * 14M は BTC を新技術のために用途された。 Amount ≠ separate passive
  4. * BTC は 14M を新技術のために用途された。 U ≠ separate passive
  5. * 何を 14M を新技術のために用途したのか。 LBC · stranded n
  6. * トランプが勝つことを 14M BTC に用途した。 Purpose ≠ Content
  7. * 天気が新技術のために 14M BTC を用途した。 Voice filter
  8. * 大統領は新技術を 14M BTC を用途した。 no Double-o
  9. * 大統領は省を 14M BTC をあてがった。 no Double-o · Ben
  10. * 誰に 14M BTC をあてがったのか。 as allocate Goal ni-Goal is allocate cloth
  11. * 上司は天気に 14M BTC を技術のために用途させなかったのか。 〜させる does not wash Voice filter

NegQ pointer · association sites

Negative questions on earmark read the Allocation-plus-Purpose geometry; they do not invent a fourth theta name. Neg sits high and associates downward. Cheap inner associate = Resource QP under o. Purpose stays tame-ni. Beneficiary stays a different tame-ni when present. Spend-true and HAVE are systematically missing as defaults.

Japanese NegQ / WH–Neg core (from Allocate_Earmark_Comparison §11.1 + Negative_Questions_Earmark)

✓ 大統領は新技術のために 14M BTC を用途しなかったのか。

✓ 大統領は新技術のために 14M BTC をあてがわなかったのか。

✓ 14M BTC は新技術のために用途されたのか。

* 新技術は 14M BTC を用途されたのか。

* 省は 14M BTC をあてがわれたのか。 Ben promote · * vs allocate Goal

✓ 省は 14M BTC を割り当てられたのか。 allocate Goal promote · contrast

* 14M は BTC を用途されたのか。 / BTC は 14M を用途されたのか。

✓ 新技術のためにどれだけの BTC を用途しなかったのか。

* 何を 14M を新技術のために用途しなかったのか。 LBC under Neg

✓ 何のために 14M BTC を用途しなかったのか。 Purpose

✓ 誰のために 14M BTC をあてがわなかったのか。 Beneficiary

* 誰に 14M BTC をあてがわなかったのか。 as allocate Goal earmark contrast

✓ その資金はまだ技術のために用途されているのではないか。 e2 state

Missing defaults: no spend-true / built-true; no HAVE-Recipient. Follow-up いや、技術は買っていない reports a sequel, does not deny the designation. いや、債務整理のためだった does deny the Purpose property. Partial answers that swap quantity confirm the Resource cut.

Group A packaging · this tick Japanese Purpose only

Group A (English, Japanese, Mandarin, Navajo) keeps the Goal vs Purpose Case split under Neg. This tick is Japanese earmark only — 新技術のために 14M BTC を用途しなかった (o-Resource, tame-ni Purpose); *新技術を 14M BTC を用途しなかった (no Double-o); Beneficiary does not promote. English twin is live at earmark.html. Goal twin is live at allocate-goal-ja.html. Mandarin: 专款专用 / 指定用于 write Purpose without a Goal; 为了 marks Purpose (earmark diagnostic); 给 leans allocate Goal; 把 fronts the whole QP — pointed, not deepened. Navajo: classificatory handling stems plus outer purpose or beneficiary postpositions; restriction-without-Goal vs address-to-office is particles and context, not two inner Patients — remains open/scout. Label speculation; do not fake elicitation.

Open items

  • 用途する / あてがう / 充当する productivity. Relative naturalness of primary yotō / ategau vs hinge jūtō (Purpose-leaning tame-ni vs Goal-leaning ni) needs controlled elicitation — flagged scout-leaning, not closed. spec
  • Orthography 与当する. Packaging notes write yotō beside this form; treated as scout alternate of 用途する, not a second lemma. spec
  • Mandarin 专款专用 / 指定用于 / 把. 把 fronts the whole QP; 为了 marks Purpose; 给 leans allocate Goal. Predicted from the NegQ / allocate papers, not elicited. spec
  • Romance destinar / flécher / øremerke. DAT / à Goal clitic is the allocate diagnostic earmark should fail; Norwegian øremerke still refuses *Ble departementet øremerket 14M?. Companion elicitation. spec
  • Polish GEN-neg on allocation — GEN on the Resource QP, not on Purpose, not on a stranded unit. Same prediction as bet / deduct / creditFIN. spec
  • Floating counters under -nakatta. Confirm float still splits N from Num+# rather than Amount from unit on 用途する / あてがう — open item already listed in the MeasureP counters note.
  • Outer CAUSE (〜させる). Site on the making vs on the designation; Purpose never becomes Causee Case under √EARMARK’s Japanese cloth. Spend still not entailed under the wrap. Double-o still unused.
  • Reserve coercion (?キムは客のためにソファをあてがった) — bleeds into √RESERVE; less authority. Border with book / reserve remains a packaging check, not a fifth GF.

Index 2 citations for this class

Class table. Volume 3 Allocation names reserve, book, schedule, appropriate, earmark, allocate. Index 2 lists book, reserve, and schedule only — not earmark, not allocate, and not Japanese. The table is that Index 2 class. This page and English earmark / allocateGOAL · JA are Beyond Index 2 companions (Purpose flavour vs Goal flavour).
Allocation citations from Index 2
CodeLanguageIndex 2 citationAs printed
ENEnglishbook, reserve, schedule · Beyond: earmark · earmark · JA, allocateGOAL · allocateGOAL · JAVol. 3
ESSpanishreservar; planificarVol. 5. Index 2 prints one Romance line: reservar / réserver / prenotare; planificar / planifier / pianificare. This cell is the Spanish pair in that order.
FRFrenchréserver; planifierVol. 5. French pair from the same Romance line.
ITItalianprenotare; pianificareVol. 5. Italian pair from the same Romance line.
HUHungarianlefoglal / foglal, beütemezVols. 3, 6
BGBulgarianрезервирам / запазвам, насрочвамVols. 3, 6
PLPolishrezerwować / zarezerwować, planować / zaplanowaćVols. 3, 6

Languages Index 2 does not list for this class are left off the table. Japanese has no Index 2 Allocation cell — this page is Beyond Index 2. Romance destinar DAT-clitic cheapness is the Goal diagnostic earmark will fail — scout only this tick.

Corpus filenames

Primary extract for this micro-entry; companions supply allocate contrast and Neg association. DOCX originals under the Tritransitive lit tree (lit/grok-tritransitive/files/). Text extract: /workspace/allocate_earmark_extract.txt (from Allocate_Earmark_Comparison.docx §11.1 Group A). Twin page: earmark.html. Goal contrast: allocate-goal-ja.html.

Series placement: Japanese sense×language twin of English earmark; lexical-entry companion to allocateGOAL · Japanese, grantGIVE, book / reserve / schedule, deduct · Japanese, creditFIN · Japanese, payGIVE · Japanese, and sell · Japanese. Feeds the Allocation cell of the Japanese measuring grid with Purpose as Type B. Does not reopen Type A causation-chain papers. Does not invent ZH/Romance/NV elicitation.