Working paper.
Norwegian micro-entry closing Group D deduct after live
Dutch afschrijven / aftrekken (Done=97) continued it and live
German abbuchen / abziehen (Done=96) opened it. Group C stays closed on live
Hungarian levon / terhel (Done=93), live
Bulgarian отчислявам / удържам (Done=94), and live
Polish odjąć / potrącić (Done=95). Group D FEE stays closed on
Norwegian belaste. Geometry from
Lexical_Entry_Deduct_Argument_Structure (Parse B: one MeasureP, Domain under Appl_FROM, Reason high), with denomination WH from
WH_Movement_Denominations_Deduct and Neg association from
Negative_Questions_Deduct. The working cloth is the affirmative of the
fra string that
credit-fin-no.html already stars for
godskrive. That affirmative is constructed. It is not a spontaneous-speech citation, and it is not new elicitation. The FIN page names
trekke fra on that reject. It names
fradrag only in an open item, with no filled string. This page files the
trekke fra cloth and leaves the companion a noun scout. Bokmål is the cloth of the live twins.
Constructed examples.
Frames below package that cloth: fra + Domain, structural MeasureP, fra as a preposition, MeasureP integrity, the Initiator filter, and the decrement / increment / levy split. Decrement-true of ⟨n,U⟩ from the Domain is e2. HAS_ON_BOOKS is creditFIN (godskrive). Debit / OWE is chargeFEE (belaste). Payout is a later betale / overføre, not e2 of this trekke fra. Do not fake elicitation. Norwegian full NPs do not show accusative against genitive. ikke follows the finite verb, as on the live FIN and FEE pages, and leaves beløpet and tre beløp in the form they already have. There is no Slavic aspect pair and no German genitive to import: trekker and har trukket are the same lemma. fra kontoen is a prepositional Domain. That preposition is not genitive of negation, and it is not a separable verb particle.
Beyond Index 2.
Index 2 does not list
deduct. Norwegian Payment cites
betale, overføre (Vol. 7). Norwegian Attitude cites
legge skylden på only.
trekke fra sits Beyond Index 2 as a measuring companion, beside live
belaste and live
godskrive. Payment-true is a later
betale /
overføre. The levy’s e2 is debit / OWE. The ledger’s e2 is HAS_ON_BOOKS. This root’s e2 is the decrement.
Scout / deferred.
fradrag is the noun the open item on
credit-fin-no.html pairs with
trekke fra. Relative productivity is not ranked. No filled verbal string is filed there, and
charge-fee-no.html does not print one, so this page does not supply
fradragsføre,
gjøre fradrag, or any other companion verb. That is one geometry, not a second Case frame and not a corpus quotation. A second source preposition is not ranked beside
fra. No
credit-merit-bg.html and no
credit-merit-pl.html. sell·Navajo stays deferred. Group D deduct closes on this page.
Hierarchy
Same inventory as English deduct, the Group C twins, and live Dutch afschrijven and German abbuchen. Not five sisters of one V. Surface count can name the board, 0,3, ETH, the account, and a Q3 threshold — but Amount and Denomination share one MeasureP, Domain is one fra-phrase, and Reason is high / outer. hver quantifies that one Domain when the distributive cloth is used. It is not an extra argument. The same quantifier on the FIN page quantifies one Account under på, without fra.
Intended labeling (shared English metalanguage)
√DEDUCT + Voice(Agent-ish) + MeasureP ⟨Amount, Denom⟩ + ApplFROM(Domain) · hierarchy Agent-ish > MeasureP > Domain (> outer Reason)
Voice introduces an Agent-ish Initiator (board, bank, clearing house, contract — institutional cause, not required volition). MeasureP ⟨n, U⟩ is Incremental Theme of the decrement — one structural object (Amount in Spec, Denomination as N). Low Appl_FROM introduces Domain as a set. Norwegian spells that Domain with fra (fra kontoen, and the distributive fra hver konto). Full NPs do not wear a dative ending, so IO-hood is not how this Domain is diagnosed. Optional high grunnet-Reason is outer justification, not FEE’s for Consideration and not earmark’s Purpose. The clothes do not add a DOC of two bare Themes, and they do not copy FIN’s på + Account onto this root. Sentential ikke does not rewrite the MeasureP. Polish genitive of negation is a different language’s Case rule. It is not √DEDUCT, and it is not imported here. German accusative-versus-genitive on den Betrag is a different language’s morphology. Norwegian does not show that cut.
0,3 ETH = one MeasureP. Orthography is not extra arity (Norwegian decimal comma, the same string already on the live FIN page). Amount and Denomination are both inner arguments of that object. Composition is V(MeasureP), not V(n)(U). Hom(e, ⟨n,U⟩): the decrement is measured by degree n on scale U. Leaving the unit outside the MeasureP strands it. The noun beløpet and the counted QP tre beløp are the same one object. They do not display a case ending that German uses to separate accusative from genitive. beløp is the noun already in the FIN infinitive godskrive et beløp på en konto.
Working hierarchy: Agent-ish > MeasureP ⟨Amount, Denomination⟩ > Domain > Reason. Ranking on trekke fra is Initiator (subject) > MeasureP (structural object, including under ikke) > Domain (fra). Weather still fails the Initiator. e2 is the decrement. HAS_ON_BOOKS, debit/OWE, and payout are other roots.
Norwegian frames · Case clothes
One ranked verb, trekke fra. Companion fradrag is a noun name and is not a second frame. The working cloth uses perfect har trukket with subject Styret, the same subject as printed har godskrevet. The MeasureP is the structural object. The Domain is under fra. fra is a preposition. It pied-pipes with the Domain, and ordinary PP-stranding of that preposition is the same fact the FIN page already files for på. It is not a separable prefix that sits at the right edge the way German ab and Dutch af do, and it is not a bound prefix the way FIN’s god- is. V2 moves the whole finite verb. A subordinate clause does not invent a stranded particle. Do not conflate this fra-Domain with FIN’s på + Account, with FEE’s for Consideration or FEE’s med-Amount, with blame’s på-Target, or with a bare til. V2 is not a fourth argument. There is no Dutch waarvan or German wovon printed on the live Norwegian pages, so none is filed here. The FEE page already says the Norwegian R-inventory is the thinner swipe hva … for, and that swipe is Consideration, not this Domain.
- ✓ Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. working cloth · constructed · MeasureP + fra+Domain · affirmative of the string FIN rejects
- ✓ Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH fra hver konto. distributive Domain · fra hver konto · parallel to FIN på hver konto · constructed
- ✓ Styret trekker 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. present · whole finite verb · fra stays a preposition · constructed
- ✓ I går trakk styret 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. V2 · preterite trakk · whole finite verb · same clause shape as FIN I går godskrev styret · constructed
- ✓ Fra kontoen trakk styret 0,3 ETH. V2 · fra-PP fronted · not a second cloth · parallel to FIN På kontoen godskrev · constructed
- ✓ …, at styret trekker 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. subordinate · verb stays one word · fra stays with the Domain · constructed
- ✓ Banken har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. Initiator = institution · wording matched to FIN · constructed
- ✓ Oppgjørssentralen har trukket 0,3 ETH fra hver konto. Initiator = institution · wording matched to FIN · constructed
- ✓ Den smarte kontrakten har trukket 0,3 ETH fra hver konto. Initiator = code · wording matched to FIN · constructed
- ✓ Styret har trukket beløpet fra kontoen. noun MeasureP · beløpet · no case ending to read as GEN · constructed
- ✓ Styret har trukket tre beløp fra kontoen. counted QP · one MeasureP · neuter plural beløp · constructed
- ✓ Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH fra hver konto grunnet terskelen i tredje kvartal. outer Reason · grunnet · not FEE for · constructed · same Reason cloth as FIN
- ✓ Man har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. man demotion · MeasureP stays the object · parallel to FIN Man har … godskrevet
- ✓ Styret har ikke trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. ikke after the finite verb · Domain stays fra · GEN-neg N/A · same ikke place as FIN and FEE
- ✓ Styret har ikke trukket beløpet fra kontoen. noun MeasureP under ikke · form unchanged · constructed
- ✓ Styret har ikke trukket tre beløp fra kontoen. counted QP stays one object · unit inside the QP · constructed
- ✓ 0,3 ETH ble trukket fra kontoen. bli promotes the MeasureP · fra here is the Domain · constructed · parallel to FIN ble godskrevet
- ✓ Beløpet ble trukket fra kontoen. noun MeasureP promoted · participle uninflected
- ✓ 0,3 ETH ble trukket fra kontoen av styret. passive agent av · so fra kontoen is not read as the agent · constructed
- ✓ 0,3 ETH trekkes fra kontoen. s-passive · same promotion · not a second cloth · parallel to FIN godskrives
- ✓ FIN contrast, printed: Styret har godskrevet 0,3 ETH på kontoen. på+Account · ACC MeasureP · credit-fin-no.html
- ✓ FIN contrast, on the FIN page: godskrive et beløp på en konto infinitive of the printed cloth
- ✓ FIN contrast, on the FIN page: Styret har godskrevet 0,3 ETH på hver konto. på+Account · distributive · directional goal, not a second object
- ✓ FIN contrast, on the FIN page: I går godskrev styret 0,3 ETH på kontoen. V2 · whole finite verb · bound god- · not this root’s morphology
- ✓ FIN contrast, on the FIN page: 0,3 ETH ble godskrevet på kontoen. bli promotes the MeasureP · på stays
- ✓ FEE contrast, printed: Belastet de Pat tjue euro? DOC-looking surface · still FROM · e2 there is debit / OWE · charge-fee-no.html
- ✓ FEE contrast, printed: belaste Chase med femtitusen cloth B · ACC Payer · med-Amount · not this Domain
- ✓ FEE contrast, printed swipe: hva … for Consideration · not deduct Reason
- ✓ ATT contrast, on the FIN page: Rådet tilskrev den tidlige ferdigstillelsen til entreprenøren. ACC = Charge · til = Target · attribute-att-no.html
- ✓ MERIT contrast, on the FIN page: Investorene har tilskrevet æren til entreprenøren. same letters · credit-merit-no.html
- ✓ blame contrast, on the FIN page: Komiteen la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. ACC = the noun · på = Target · blame-no.html
- ✓ NL contrast: De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. van+Domain · separable af · deduct-nl.html
- ✓ DE contrast: Der Rat hat 0,3 ETH von jedem Konto abgebucht. von+DAT · separable ab · deduct-de.html
- ✓ HU contrast: A tanács minden számláról 0,3 ETH-t levont. DEL Domain + ACC MeasureP · deduct-hu.html
- ✓ BG contrast: Съветът отчисли 0,3 ETH от сметката. от+Domain · deduct-bg.html
- ✓ PL contrast: Rada odjęła 0,3 ETH z rachunku. ACC MeasureP + z+GEN · deduct-pl.html
- * I går trakk styret 0,3 ETH fra kontoen fra. no second fra copied from a separable prefix · fra is the preposition of the Domain
- * …, at styret trekker fra 0,3 ETH kontoen. subordinate clause does not strand fra off the Domain as a verb particle
- * Styret har ikke fra 0,3 ETH fra kontoen trukket. fake Focus split · fra is not Hungarian le- and not German ab
- * Styret har trukket kontoen 0,3 ETH. no DOC of MeasureP + Domain as two bare Themes
- * Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH og kontoen. no coordination of two bare Themes
- * Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH på kontoen. på+Account = FIN directional Account, not this Domain
- * Styret har godskrevet 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. already starred on FIN · fra is this root, not godskrive
- * Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH til kontoen. bare til is overføre and the MERIT/ATT Target · not this Domain · FIN already leaves til-Account unfiled
- * Styret har trukket kontoen med 0,3 ETH. med-amount is FEE cloth B · the accusative there is the Payer
- * Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen for et måltid. for is FEE Consideration, not deduct Reason · Reason is grunnet · constructed · FEE prints the swipe hva … for, not this noun
- * Det dårlige været har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. weather ≠ Initiator
- * Kontoen ble 0,3 ETH trukket. no promotion of the fra-PP Domain
- * Kontoen fikk 0,3 ETH trukket. få out · do not copy an Account promotion onto this fra-Domain · FIN already marks få out
No genitive of negation · the MeasureP keeps its form · not the definition
fra kontoen is a prepositional Domain in the affirmative Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. Sentential ikke does not write a genitive on the MeasureP. Polish rewrites the measuring QP under nie. Norwegian does not. German keeps a visible accusative (den Betrag) because German has that ending and still has no genitive of negation. Norwegian full NPs do not show that ending, so this page does not star a German genitive as if it were a Norwegian word. The noun beløpet and the counted QP tre beløp keep the form they have in the affirmative. The decimal 0,3 ETH was never a case ending. The claim of √DEDUCT is the decrement of ⟨n,U⟩ from the Domain. Absence of genitive of negation is Case, not the sense. No Norwegian genitive string is printed on the live pages, so none is starred here.
✓ Styret har trukket beløpet fra kontoen. affirmative · noun MeasureP
✓ Styret har ikke trukket beløpet fra kontoen. same form under ikke · Domain still fra kontoen
✓ Styret har trukket tre beløp fra kontoen. affirmative · counted QP
✓ Styret har ikke trukket tre beløp fra kontoen. whole QP · unit not stranded
Who is the object
✓ Hva har styret trukket fra kontoen? WH = MeasureP
✓ Fra hvilken konto har styret trukket 0,3 ETH? WH = Domain · fra pied-pipes
✓ Hvilken konto har styret trukket 0,3 ETH fra? PP-stranding of the preposition fra · not a verb particle · same cut as FIN på
* Fra hvilken har styret konto 0,3 ETH trukket? fra does not strand the noun
* Hvilken konto har styret trukket 0,3 ETH? Domain is not a second bare object · fra is required
* Kontoen ble 0,3 ETH trukket. no promotion of the fra-PP
Companion fradrag · noun scout · not a second geometry
fradrag is the noun the open item on credit-fin-no.html names beside trekke fra. That item does not print a verb, a participle, or a Case frame, and the FEE page does not use one. German abziehen is shown on the German cloth because the FEE notes there already use abgezogen. Dutch leaves aftrekken unranked because no participle was printed. Norwegian has no such prior verb for fradrag, so this page does not invent one and does not check a filled companion sentence. The noun names the decrement. It is not a second Case frame. A cloth that copied FEE’s accusative Payer and med-Amount, or FEE’s for Consideration, would be a different root’s business. FEE stays on charge-fee-no.html. It is not reopened from here.
MeasureP WH / LBC
trekke fra has a verbal MeasureP. Amount and Denomination compose one measure object. Whole-QP pied-piping is free under Neg. Amount-only is free when the unit is bound. Left-branch extraction of Amount leaving the unit next to the verb is still out — same LBC record as English deduct, sell, chargeFEE, and the live creditFIN twins. fra pied-pipes with the Domain, or the preposition strands in the ordinary Norwegian way the FIN page already files for på. It does not split the MeasureP, and it does not strand the noun. That stranding is PP-stranding of a preposition. It is not a verb particle, and it is not the German ab / Dutch af strand. There is no Hungarian preverbal Focus slot, so WH fronting is not a second host competing with a particle. V2 moves the whole finite verb. Degree WH below uses ETH so it is not confused with a counted noun. Reason WH is Hvorfor, the WH already on the FIN page. FEE’s hva … for is Consideration. The two questions are not one licenser.
- ✓ Hvor mye ETH har styret trukket fra kontoen? whole MeasureP
- ✓ Hvor mye har styret trukket fra kontoen? degree WH · U bound
- ✓ Fra hvilken konto har styret trukket 0,3 ETH? fra+Domain WH · whole PP
- ✓ Hvilken konto har styret trukket 0,3 ETH fra? PP-stranding of fra · not a verb particle · parallel to FIN Hvilken konto … på
- ✓ Hvem har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen? Initiator WH
- ✓ Hva har styret trukket fra kontoen? whole MeasureP as hva
- ✓ Hvorfor har styret trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen? Reason · same WH as FIN Hvorfor · not FEE hva … for
- ✓ Hvem har trukket hvor mye ETH fra hvilken konto? cluster hypothesis · not a ranked elicitation · not Hungarian Focus uniqueness
- * Hvor mye har styret ETH trukket fra kontoen? LBC · U stranded · same cut as FIN Hvor mye har styret ETH godskrevet
- * Hva har styret 0,3 trukket fra kontoen? what hijacks the object · stranded n
- * Fra hvilken har styret konto 0,3 ETH trukket? fra does not strand the noun
- * Hva har styret trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen for? hva … for is FEE Consideration · deduct Reason is Hvorfor
- ✓ FEE pointer, printed: hva … for WH = Consideration · not this Domain · charge-fee-no.html
- ✓ FEE pointer, on the FEE page: Hva belastet de Pat for? constructed spelling there of the printed swipe · not deduct Reason
- ✓ blame pointer: på on blame is the Target · blame-no.html · not this Domain
fra-Domain ≠ på-Account · MeasureP ≠ Charge · MeasureP ≠ FEE’s Payer
fra + Domain = the set the measure comes FROM under Appl_FROM. på + Account on godskrive is the book the measure goes TO. The structural object here is the quantized decrement. On tilskrive the accusative is Charge and the Target is til, for both ATT and MERIT. On legge skylden på the accusative is the light noun and på is the Target. FEE’s belaste also has a measure, and its Consideration is for, swiped by hva … for. The filled FEE cloth puts the Payer in the accusative and the Amount in med. Same FROM family is not a reason to merge trekke fra with belaste. e2 stays the decrement. Polish genitive of negation rewrites the Polish measuring QP. Norwegian ikke does not. Sharing a negative particle is not sharing that case rule, and it is not sharing the root.
Superiority ranks Initiator > MeasureP > fra-Domain > outer Reason. Amount and Denomination never compete as two verbal WH-items. Cheap NegQ association tracks the MeasureP. Challenging the Domain wants that book already in the associate, under fra or with the preposition stranded. Multiple WH fronting stays an open cluster flag. It is not an elicited superiority paradigm, and it is not Hungarian Focus uniqueness. Norwegian has no ли. The polar question is verb-first.
Geometry · deduct ≠ creditFIN ≠ chargeFEE ≠ chargeACCUSE ≠ ATT / MERIT / blame ≠ pay
In the constructed cloth Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen, the board takes 0,3 ETH off the account’s book. That is FROM_SET decrement. The account is Domain. 0,3 ETH is MeasureP. e2 is decrement-true of that measure from the Domain.
- ≠ creditFIN / godskrive. Shared MeasureP. Opposite polarity: deduct = FROM_SET decrement; FIN = TO_SET increment. FIN’s printed cloth is på + Account (Styret har godskrevet 0,3 ETH på kontoen). fra on the account is this root (*har godskrevet 0,3 ETH fra kontoen, already starred there). FIN’s e2 is HAS_ON_BOOKS. Payout is not entailed there, and it is not e2 here. Bound god- stays on skrive. trekke has no such prefix. The two lemmas are not one verb. Live twin: credit-fin-no.html.
- ≠ chargeFEE / belaste. Shared FROM family and a verbal measure. FEE’s e2 is debit / OWE. FEE’s Consideration is for, swiped by printed hva … for. The filled cloth is accusative Payer + med-Amount (belaste Chase med femtitusen). The printed question Belastet de Pat tjue euro? looks like two bare objects and stays the levy. Deduct ranks the Domain as fra and files Reason as grunnet. The FEE page’s note that the FIN fra reject points at trekke fra is a pointer to this root. It is not evidence that FEE’s accusative Payer was a fra-PP, and it is not a second deduct frame. Companion ta betalt stays unfilled on the FEE page. Live twin: charge-fee-no.html.
- ≠ chargeACCUSE / siktet. Ascription: Judge > Target > Accusation. Different root. No selected MeasureP. No Appl_FROM of a measure. for on sikte is Accusation. The FEE plate names siktet and does not print a worked string. See charge-accuse.html.
- ≠ blame / legge skylden på. Fault ascription. Index 2 Attitude prints this lemma only. The accusative is the light noun skylden. The person is på. Charge for is the printed contrast on that page. That på is the Target. It is not deduct’s Domain. That for is ascription content. It is not deduct’s Reason and not FEE’s Consideration. Printed contrast, already on the FIN page: Komiteen la skylden for forsinkelsen på entreprenøren. Weather is a fine Target and a failed Initiator.
- ≠ attributeATT / tilskrive. Content-ascribe. Accusative Charge + til-Target. No MeasureP and no Domain. Contrast already on the FIN page: Rådet tilskrev den tidlige ferdigstillelsen til entreprenøren. Live twin: attribute-att-no.html.
- ≠ creditMERIT / tilskrive + æren / fortjeneste. Merit ascribe on the same letters as ATT. til-Target + accusative Charge. No MeasureP. Live at credit-merit-no.html. Do not invent
credit-merit-bg.html. Do not invent credit-merit-pl.html.
- ≠ betale / overføre / payGIVE. Index 2 Payment. Pay writes a MeasureP with Recipient HAVE. Deduct writes a MeasureP FROM a Domain. A later transfer can move funds. That later event is not e2 of this cloth. til on overføre is that later recipient preposition. It is not this Domain.
- ≠ earmark. Earmark’s Purpose is RESTRICTED_FOR. Deduct’s grunnet is JUSTIFIED_BY. No FROM-loss on earmark. No Norwegian earmark page is opened here.
- ≠ sell / SWAP. Sell: Recipient HAS goods; Price stays inside a price phrase. Deduct’s object is the decrement. sell·Navajo stays deferred. No Norwegian sell page is opened here.
- ≠ Hungarian Focus, ≠ Bulgarian object-stays, ≠ Polish GEN-neg, ≠ German or Dutch separable prefix. Live Hungarian levon separates le- under Focus or nem and keeps the measure accusative. Live Bulgarian отчислявам has no nominal genitive, so the direct object keeps its form under не. Live Polish odjąć rewrites the measuring QP under nie. Live German abbuchen leaves den Betrag accusative under nicht, spells the Domain as von+DAT, and strands separable ab. Live Dutch afschrijven leaves het bedrag in place, spells the Domain as van, and strands separable af. Norwegian ikke leaves beløpet in place and leaves fra kontoen in place. There is no dative ending on kontoen for fra to govern, and there is no separable prefix to strand. Bound god- on FIN is a different lemma’s morphology.
- Missing defaults. Destruction, house-credit, guilt, and payout are not entailed. A follow-up that denies those sequels does not deny the decrement. HAS_ON_BOOKS ≠ decrement ≠ debit/OWE ≠ HAVE. Absence of GEN-neg ≠ the definition of deduct.
Shells, ApplP, and Case
Merge Merge
Initiator, MeasureP, and Domain are selected. The MeasureP and fra+Domain merge under √DEDUCT. Amount and Denomination are inside one MeasureP, not two sisters of V. The preposition fra is not an argument of its own. No DOC and no ApplHAVE of goods.
Agree Agree
T agrees with the Initiator (subject, φ). v licenses the MeasureP as the structural object, including under sentential ikke. fra takes the Domain. Norwegian does not mark that NP dative, and there is no second Agree for a second Theme. There is no genitive of negation to license.
Move Move
WH fronts. fra pied-pipes with the Domain, or the preposition strands as an ordinary PP. Amount does not move out of the MeasureP (LBC). V2 puts the whole finite verb in C. There is no separable prefix left at the right edge. A subordinate clause does not invent one. The infinitive is å trekke, with fra still on the Domain. There is no unique preverbal Focus slot.
Filter Filter
Voice: weather is not an Initiator. The filter survives Neg and an outer permissive wrap. Gold e2 = decrement. No DOC of two bare Themes. The form of the MeasureP under ikke is Case, not a new theta role. FIN godskrive and FEE belaste are different roots.
- M1√DEDUCT merges with MeasureP ⟨Amount, Denom⟩
- M2fra+Domain merges with the set
- M3Voice merges Initiator
- A4T ↔ Initiator · subject φ · V2 is the whole finite verb, not a fourth argument
- A5v ↔ MeasureP · structural object, including under ikke (beløpet, tre beløp)
- V6WH fronts; fra pied-pipes or strands as a preposition; Amount stays inside MeasureP
- V7Whole finite verb in V2 (trekker / trakk / har); participle trukket; infinitive å trekke
- F8Voice filter · weather ≠ Initiator
- G9Gold · e2 = decrement · LBC holds · GEN-neg N/A ≠ a new theta and ≠ the definition
Base tree (fra Domain)
VoiceP [ Initiator = styret
(ReasonP) [ grunnet terskelen ] // optional, outer
ApplP_FROM [ fra kontoen ]
VP [ √DEDUCT [ MeasureP [ Amount 0,3 ] [ N ETH ] ] ]
]
— the MeasureP is the structural object (beløpet / tre beløp / 0,3 ETH)
— fra spells the Domain; Norwegian does not mark kontoen dative
— that preposition is not GEN-neg and not a verb particle
— trekke is the whole verb (trekker / trakk / trukket / å trekke)
— god- on godskrive is a different lemma’s bound prefix
Negative field (one MeasureP · form stays · Domain stays)
Neg [ ikke ] // after the finite verb: har ikke trukket
VP [ trukket ]
— MeasureP keeps its form under ikke (beløpet / tre beløp)
— decimal 0,3 ETH was never a case ending
— Domain: fra kontoen unchanged
— no second structural object
— fra stays the preposition; it is not a Focus host
— GEN-neg is N/A (Polish tej kwoty is deduct-pl.html)
— German den Betrag vs des Betrages is deduct-de.html
— Dutch separable af is deduct-nl.html
— object-stays under не is Bulgarian (deduct-bg.html), a different reason
— Focus separation of le- is Hungarian (deduct-hu.html), not this field
trekke fra licenses one structural object: the MeasureP. Under ikke that object keeps its form. The Domain wears fra. There is no frame in which MeasureP and Domain are both bare Themes. No low ApplHAVE of goods. No √ASCRIBE. No √CHARGE_FEE. High Reason is extra when present. fra (fra kontoen, fra hver konto) is the preposition of Appl_FROM. It is not a Hungarian particle, not German ab, not Dutch af, not FEE’s med, and not FIN’s bound god-.
Neo-Davidsonian sketch (entry decrement dual)
∃e [ DECREMENT(e)
∧ INIT(e, styre)
∧ DEGREE(e, 0.3) ∧ UNIT(e, ETH)
∧ FROM_SET(e, K) ∧ Hom(e, ⟨0.3, ETH⟩)
∧ JUSTIFIED_BY(e, Q3) ] // Reason optional
e2: ⟨0.3, ETH⟩ is off the books of K after e
Replace FROM_SET with TO_SET and DECREMENT with INCREMENT and the FIN entry drops out, with HAS_ON_BOOKS as that other e2. The fra wrapper does not change the decrement. Keeping the MeasureP’s form under ikke does not change the semantics and does not define the root. hver, when it is used, is the quantifier on K, not a second event. Debit/OWE is not a conjunct. Payout is not a conjunct.
Initiator filter
✓ Hvem har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen?
✓ Den smarte kontrakten har trukket 0,3 ETH fra hver konto. institutional Initiator
✓ Oppgjørssentralen har trukket 0,3 ETH fra hver konto. institutional Initiator
✓ Banken har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. institutional Initiator
* Det dårlige været har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. not a ledger authority
✓ Det den smarte kontrakten har gjort, er å trekke 0,3 ETH fra hver konto. constructed · parallel to the FIN do-test · å trekke keeps fra on the Domain
* Det det dårlige været har gjort, er å trekke 0,3 ETH fra hver konto. Culicover & Jackendoff
Inanimate Targets are welcome on ATT and blame. Inanimate Initiators fail on deduct unless construed as books or code. An inanimate Domain is fine when it is a book (fra kontoen).
Type A · outer la wrap
✓ Har man ikke latt banken trekke 0,3 ETH fra hver konto? outer Neg denies causing · infinitive keeps fra on the Domain · parallel to FIN latt banken godskrive
* Har man latt det dårlige været trekke 0,3 ETH fra hver konto? weather still not inner Initiator
* Har man ikke latt banken trekke fra 0,3 ETH kontoen? la does not strand fra off the Domain
Promotion · bli · no raising of fra · no få of the Domain
✓ 0,3 ETH ble trukket fra kontoen. bli promotes the MeasureP · agentless · fra is the Domain
✓ Beløpet ble trukket fra kontoen. noun MeasureP promoted
✓ 0,3 ETH ble trukket fra kontoen av styret. agent av · Domain still fra
✓ 0,3 ETH trekkes fra kontoen. s-passive · same promotion
✓ Man har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. man · object stays · not a promotion of the Domain
* Kontoen ble 0,3 ETH trukket. Domain does not raise on this root
* Kontoen fikk 0,3 ETH trukket. få does not promote a fra-PP · FIN’s Account is not this Domain, and FIN already marks få out
* 0,3 ble ETH trukket fra kontoen. Amount ≠ separate promote
Underivables (Norwegian deduct)
- * Det dårlige været har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. weather / inanimate as Initiator
- * Det det dårlige været har gjort, er å trekke 0,3 ETH fra hver konto. do-test · Initiator filter
- * Hvor mye har styret ETH trukket fra kontoen? LBC · U stranded
- * Hva har styret 0,3 trukket fra kontoen? LBC · stranded n
- * Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH på kontoen. på ≠ FROM · use godskrive for TO
- * Styret har godskrevet 0,3 ETH fra kontoen. FIN verb + FROM Domain · already starred on credit-fin-no
- * Styret har trukket kontoen 0,3 ETH. no DOC of MeasureP + Domain as two bare Themes
- * Styret har ikke fra 0,3 ETH fra kontoen trukket. fra does not split out as a Focus particle
- * Styret har trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen for et måltid. for ≠ Reason · FEE Consideration · constructed
- * Kontoen ble 0,3 ETH trukket. fra-Domain does not promote
- * Kontoen fikk 0,3 ETH trukket. no få of this Domain
- * Fra hvilken har styret konto 0,3 ETH trukket? fra does not strand the noun
- * I går trakk styret 0,3 ETH fra kontoen fra. no separable-prefix copy of German ab / Dutch af
- * Styret har tilskrevet 0,3 ETH til entreprenøren. ATT/MERIT verb + decrement MeasureP hybrid
- ✓ institution / contract as Initiator: Den smarte kontrakten har trukket 0,3 ETH fra hver konto. book-keeper fine
N/A · not Norwegian deduct diagnostics
Sibling deduct pages omit diagnostics the language does not have. Norwegian deduct matches the FIN and FEE pages’ local cuts: fra+Domain, structural MeasureP, no genitive of negation, V2 of the whole finite verb, and bli promotion of the MeasureP. få is out. It is not a diagnostic that promotes this fra-Domain, and it is not a copy of FIN’s Account. Hungarian Focus and prefix separation stay on deduct-hu.html. Bulgarian’s lack of nominal case stays on deduct-bg.html. Polish genitive of negation stays on deduct-pl.html. German von+DAT, the accusative ending on den Betrag, and separable ab stay on deduct-de.html. Dutch van and separable af stay on deduct-nl.html.
- Genitive of negation as a Norwegian fact, or as the definition of deduct. N/A. Norwegian does not rewrite the MeasureP under ikke. The Polish rewrite hits the measuring QP of zapisać and of obciążyć as well as odjąć. √DEDUCT is the decrement. Do not read the missing genitive as the sense, and do not star a German genitive the Norwegian page does not write. The FEE page already marks a genitive rewrite of the QP under ikke as N/A, with no Norwegian genitive string printed.
- fra as genitive of negation, or as a dative ending. N/A. kontoen has the form it has because Norwegian full NPs do not show case. fra is the Domain preposition in the affirmative and under ikke. There is no second genitive to write on the Domain, and there is no German jedem ending to copy.
- Hungarian Focus + nem as a unique preverbal host. N/A. Norwegian negation is not a slot that strands a particle out of the verb. Two or three WH phrases are an open cluster flag, not a Focus-uniqueness reject. Do not mark Hvem har trukket hvor mye ETH fra hvilken konto? ungrammatical on Hungarian grounds. The starred ikke fra … trukket string is a fake Focus split, not a Norwegian V2 fact.
- A separable verb particle on trekke fra, copied from German ab or Dutch af. N/A. The site’s FIN page treats fra kontoen as a preposition plus the account. This page keeps that preposition. It does not add a right-edge particle, a participle-internal prefix, or a split around å. Ordinary PP-stranding of fra is the same fact as PP-stranding of FIN’s på. Bound god- on godskrive is that lemma’s prefix (godskriver, godskrev, godskrevet, å godskrive). trekke does not wear it. FEE’s med stays the Amount exponent of belaste and is not this Domain.
- Hungarian definite versus indefinite conjugation. N/A. har trukket does not conjugate for definiteness of the measure.
- få promotion of a fra-Domain, or Dutch krijgen / German bekommen of a dative Domain. N/A. This cloth has no IO Domain. bli promotes the MeasureP. få is out on the live FIN, FEE, MERIT, ATT, and blame pages because the dative is mostly gone. It does not get a new job on fra kontoen. German bekommen and Dutch krijgen are the same cut on an IO Account, filed on deduct-de.html and deduct-nl.html.
- Romance en / ne, or a Dutch waarvan / German wovon for this Domain. N/A as a filed resumption. Quantity is the MeasureP, or a degree WH with the unit bound. The live Norwegian pages do not print an R-pronoun for a source PP. Domain WH is fra hvilken or stranding of the preposition. FEE’s hva … for resumes Consideration, not this Domain. Do not import waarvan or wovon as if the Norwegian page had printed them.
- Bulgarian absence of GEN-neg as this page’s reason for keeping the MeasureP’s form. N/A. Bulgarian has no nominal case for не to write. Norwegian has no genitive-of-negation rule to write. The two “form stays” facts have different reasons. The Bulgarian fact is filed on deduct-bg.html.
- Polish z+GEN, or Polish tej kwoty, or German von+DAT, or Dutch separable af, as this Domain or this verb. N/A. Norwegian fra does not spell a case ending on the Domain. The MeasureP keeps its form. Those clothes of the same Appl_FROM are filed on deduct-pl.html, deduct-de.html, and deduct-nl.html.
- FEE Payer promotion as a deduct cloth. N/A. Norwegian FEE’s accusative is the Payer, and bli there promotes that Payer. Deduct’s accusative is the MeasureP, and bli here promotes that MeasureP. med is the levy’s Amount exponent, not this Domain.
- på+Account as this root’s Domain. N/A. That PP is the TO dual on godskrive. This root’s ranked Domain is fra.
- A filled verbal string for fradrag. N/A as corpus. The noun is named. No verb of it is printed on the FIN or FEE page. Do not read a missing quotation as a second geometry.
NegQ pointer · association sites
Negative questions on deduct keep the decrement map from Negative_Questions_Deduct. They do not invent a fifth theta name, a Charge, or a fee Consideration. ikke associates with the MeasureP. That associate keeps its form. The fra-Domain stays the book the measure comes from. Reason stays outer grunnet, questioned with Hvorfor. Payout, guilt, and HAS_ON_BOOKS are systematically missing as default Neg targets. The FIN polar string below is the pattern already on that page. The deduct strings are constructed parallels of that negative. Norwegian has no ли. The polar question is verb-first. The site treats that finite fronting as the V2 T-copy, not as a fourth argument.
Norwegian NegQ / WH–Neg core (constructed · decrement map)
✓ Har styret ikke trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen? MeasureP host · Domain stays fra · ikke after the finite verb
✓ Har styret ikke trukket beløpet fra kontoen? noun MeasureP · form unchanged · Domain stays fra
✓ Ble 0,3 ETH ikke trukket fra kontoen? bli · MeasureP promoted · fra is the Domain
✓ Fra hvilken konto har styret ikke trukket 0,3 ETH? fra pied-pipes
✓ Hvilken konto har styret ikke trukket 0,3 ETH fra? PP-stranding of the preposition · not a verb particle
✓ Hvor mye ETH har styret ikke trukket fra kontoen?
✓ Hvor mye har styret ikke trukket fra kontoen? U bound
* Hvor mye har styret ETH ikke trukket fra kontoen? LBC under Neg · same order as FIN’s starred ETH ikke godskrevet
✓ Hvorfor har styret ikke trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen? Reason · Hvorfor · not hva … for
✓ FIN contrast, on the FIN page: Har styret ikke godskrevet 0,3 ETH på kontoen? credit-fin-no.html
* Har det dårlige været ikke trukket 0,3 ETH fra kontoen?
* Fikk kontoen ikke 0,3 ETH trukket? få is out · this Domain is not an Account to promote
Missing defaults: no payout-true; no HAS_ON_BOOKS as e2; no debit/OWE as e2. A bare ikke most readily challenges the decrement event or the MeasureP. Challenging the Domain wants that book already under fra. This page does not file a genitive versus accusative contrast under negation. Norwegian does not write that contrast.
Open items
- fradrag as a noun. Named on the FIN open item beside trekke fra. It is a noun scout. No filled verbal string is filed, because none was printed. Do not invent fradragsføre, gjøre fradrag, a second geometry, or a corpus quotation. spec
- A second source preposition. Not ranked beside fra. The ranked Domain is the preposition credit-fin-no.html already rejects for godskrive. Passive av is the agent, not a second Domain. Do not file another preposition as elicited, and do not star it ungrammatical. spec
- A bare particle with no Domain. Not filed. The working cloth is MeasureP + fra+Domain, the affirmative of the string FIN rejects. A use of fra with no following NP is not this geometry and is not starred from a missing quotation.
- Group D deduct. Closes here (German Done=96, Dutch Done=97, Norwegian Done=98). This page does not reopen it.
- Group D FEE. Stays closed (German, Dutch, Norwegian). This page does not reopen it. FEE’s cloth B and the unfilled companion ta betalt stay on charge-fee-no.html.
- Group C deduct, FIN, and FEE. Stay closed. Deduct: levon / terhel (Done=93), отчислявам / удържам (Done=94), odjąć / potrącić (Done=95). FIN: jóváír, zapisać, записа. FEE: felszámol, таксувам, obciążyć / naliczyć. This page closes Group D deduct beside closed Group D FIN and FEE.
- Suggested following tick. payGIVE · Spanish (pagar). Index 2 Spanish Payment cites pagar, transferir, girar. English, Japanese, and Mandarin payGIVE are live. Romance is the missing language of that live lemma. Another language of payGIVE does not increment VERB_COUNT. Not a new deduct language: the tracked deduct set closes on this page. Not this page.
- Multiple WH. Hvem har trukket hvor mye ETH fra hvilken konto? stays an open cluster flag. Not an elicited ranking, and not Hungarian Focus uniqueness.
- Navajo sell. Still deferred. No
credit-merit-bg.html. No credit-merit-pl.html.
Corpus filenames
Primary extract is Lexical_Entry_Deduct_Argument_Structure (Parse B, MeasureP, Appl_FROM, Voice filter, decrement e2) plus WH_Movement_Denominations_Deduct and Negative_Questions_Deduct. The Norwegian clothes are the affirmative of the fra reject already printed on credit-fin-no.html (*Styret har godskrevet 0,3 ETH fra kontoen), beside the printed FIN affirmative Styret har godskrevet 0,3 ETH på kontoen. The companion fradrag is the noun in that page’s open item. No verb of it is quoted, because none is printed. FEE, ATT, MERIT, and blame contrasts are the strings already on those pages. Group D plate, Norwegian cut: V2 moves the whole finite verb, fra is a preposition (pied-piping or ordinary PP-stranding, the same cut FIN files for på), bli promotes the MeasureP, få is out, and bound god- stays on godskrive. Constructed NO frames diagnose packaging. They are not new elicitation, and they are not a corpus quotation of a fradrag verb. Index 2 Payment remains betale, overføre. Index 2 Attitude remains legge skylden på only.
- Lexical_Entry_Deduct_Argument_Structure.docx primary · √DEDUCT · Parse B · FROM_SET decrement
- WH_Movement_Denominations_Deduct.docx MeasureP LBC · Amount vs unit
- Negative_Questions_Deduct.docx Neg association · missing payout · Domain ≠ Loc
- Lexical_Entry_Credit_Argument_Structure.docx TO dual · godskrive · på Account · HAS_ON_BOOKS
- Lexical_Entry_Charge_Argument_Structure.docx FEE contrast · belaste · ACCUSE siktet
- INDEX2_Verbs.txt NO Payment = betale, overføre — deduct not Index 2; NO Attitude = legge skylden på only
Series placement: Norwegian sense×language twin of English deduct, Japanese deduct, Spanish deduct, French deduct, Italian deduct, Mandarin deduct, Hungarian deduct, Bulgarian deduct, Polish deduct, German deduct, and Dutch deduct. Closes Group D deduct beside live creditFIN · godskrive and live chargeFEE · belaste. VERB_COUNT stays 10. Done=98. The suggested following tick is payGIVE · Spanish (pagar), continuing a live lemma. Does not invent a Polish or Bulgarian MERIT page, a filled fradrag verb, or Navajo. Speculation flagged.
Index 2 citations for neighbouring Payment class
deduct is Beyond Index 2. The Payment cell stays betale, overføre. Attitude on the same language line is legge skylden på only.