Working paper.
Dutch micro-entry continuing Group D deduct after live
German abbuchen / abziehen (Done=96) opened it. Group C stays closed on live
Hungarian levon / terhel (Done=93), live
Bulgarian отчислявам / удържам (Done=94), and live
Polish odjąć / potrącić (Done=95). Group D FEE stays closed on
Norwegian belaste. Geometry from
Lexical_Entry_Deduct_Argument_Structure (Parse B: one MeasureP, Domain under Appl_FROM, Reason high), with denomination WH from
WH_Movement_Denominations_Deduct and Neg association from
Negative_Questions_Deduct. The working cloth is the affirmative of the
van string that
credit-fin-nl.html already stars for
bijschrijven. That affirmative is constructed. It is not a spontaneous-speech citation, and it is not new elicitation. The FIN page names
afschrijven on that reject. It names
aftrekken only in an open item, with no filled string. This page files the
afschrijven cloth and leaves the companion unranked.
Constructed examples.
Frames below package that cloth: van + Domain, structural MeasureP, separable af, MeasureP integrity, the Initiator filter, and the decrement / increment / levy split. Decrement-true of ⟨n,U⟩ from the Domain is e2. HAS_ON_BOOKS is creditFIN (bijschrijven / crediteren). Debit / OWE is chargeFEE (in rekening brengen). Payout is a later betalen / overmaken, not e2 of this afschrijven. The FIN page also lists afschrijven among later payout names, beside uitbetalen and overmaken. That later-verb list is not this geometry and is not quoted as a second frame. Do not fake elicitation. Dutch full NPs do not show accusative against genitive. niet leaves het bedrag and drie bedragen in the form they already have. There is no Slavic aspect pair and no German genitive to import: schrijft … af and heeft … afgeschreven are the same lemma. van elke rekening is a prepositional Domain. That preposition is not genitive of negation.
Beyond Index 2.
Index 2 does not list
deduct. Dutch Payment cites
betalen, overmaken (Vol. 7).
afschrijven sits Beyond Index 2 as a measuring companion, beside live
in rekening brengen and live
bijschrijven / crediteren. Payment-true is a later
betalen /
overmaken. The levy’s e2 is debit / OWE. The ledger’s e2 is HAS_ON_BOOKS. This root’s e2 is the decrement.
Scout / deferred.
aftrekken is the companion lemma the open item on
credit-fin-nl.html pairs with
afschrijven. Relative productivity is not ranked. No filled
aftrekken string is filed there, and
charge-fee-nl.html does not print a participle of it, so this page does not supply one. That is one geometry, not a second Case frame and not a corpus quotation. A second source preposition is not ranked beside
van. Norwegian deduct is live at
deduct-no.html (
trekke fra /
fradrag, Done=98) and closes Group D. No
credit-merit-bg.html and no
credit-merit-pl.html. sell·Navajo stays deferred.
Hierarchy
Same inventory as English deduct, the Group C twins, and live German abbuchen. Not five sisters of one V. Surface count can name the board, 0,3, ETH, every account, and a Q3 threshold — but Amount and Denomination share one MeasureP, Domain is one van-phrase, and Reason is high / outer. elke quantifies that one Domain. It is not an extra argument. The same quantifier on the FIN page quantifies one Account, as an IO or under op, without van.
Intended labeling (shared English metalanguage)
√DEDUCT + Voice(Agent-ish) + MeasureP ⟨Amount, Denom⟩ + ApplFROM(Domain) · hierarchy Agent-ish > MeasureP > Domain (> outer Reason)
Voice introduces an Agent-ish Initiator (board, bank, clearing house, contract — institutional cause, not required volition). MeasureP ⟨n, U⟩ is Incremental Theme of the decrement — one structural object (Amount in Spec, Denomination as N). Low Appl_FROM introduces Domain as a set. Dutch spells that Domain with van (van elke rekening). Full NPs do not wear a dative ending, so IO-hood is not how this Domain is diagnosed. Optional high wegens-Reason is outer justification, not FEE’s voor Consideration and not earmark’s Purpose. The clothes do not add a DOC of two bare Themes, and they do not copy FIN’s IO Account or op + Account onto this root. Sentential niet does not rewrite the MeasureP. Polish genitive of negation is a different language’s Case rule. It is not √DEDUCT, and it is not imported here. German accusative-versus-genitive on den Betrag is a different language’s morphology. Dutch does not show that cut.
0,3 ETH = one MeasureP. Orthography is not extra arity (Dutch decimal comma, the same string already on the live FIN page). Amount and Denomination are both inner arguments of that object. Composition is V(MeasureP), not V(n)(U). Hom(e, ⟨n,U⟩): the decrement is measured by degree n on scale U. Leaving the unit outside the MeasureP strands it. The noun het bedrag and the counted QP drie bedragen are the same one object. They do not display a case ending that German uses to separate accusative from genitive.
Working hierarchy: Agent-ish > MeasureP ⟨Amount, Denomination⟩ > Domain > Reason. Ranking on afschrijven is Initiator (subject) > MeasureP (structural object, including under niet) > Domain (van). Weather still fails the Initiator. e2 is the decrement. HAS_ON_BOOKS, debit/OWE, and payout are other roots.
Dutch frames · Case clothes
One ranked lemma, afschrijven. Companion aftrekken is named and is not a second frame. The working cloth uses perfect heeft … afgeschreven with subject De raad, the same subject as printed heeft … gecrediteerd. The MeasureP is the structural object. The Domain is under van. Separable af is lemma morphology: right edge in V2, inside the participle, split around te in the infinitive (af te schrijven), the same pattern as FIN’s bij te schrijven. A subordinate clause keeps the prefix attached to the verb. Do not conflate this van-Domain with FIN’s IO Account, with FIN’s op + Account, with FEE’s voor Consideration, with blame’s van Charge, or with a bare aan. V2 and the R-pronoun waarvan are not a fourth argument. waarvan resumes van. Blame already states that this R-pronoun does not strand van.
- ✓ De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. working cloth · constructed · MeasureP + van+Domain · affirmative of the string FIN rejects
- ✓ De raad schrijft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening af. V2 · separable af at the right edge · lemma morphology, like FIN bij · constructed
- ✓ …, dat de raad 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afschrijft. subordinate · prefix stays attached · constructed
- ✓ De bank heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. Initiator = institution · constructed
- ✓ Het clearinghouse heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. Initiator = institution · wording matched to FIN · constructed
- ✓ Het slimme contract heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. Initiator = code · constructed
- ✓ De raad heeft het bedrag van elke rekening afgeschreven. noun MeasureP · het bedrag · no case ending to read as GEN · constructed
- ✓ De raad heeft drie bedragen van elke rekening afgeschreven. counted QP · one MeasureP · constructed
- ✓ De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven wegens de drempel in het derde kwartaal. outer Reason · wegens · not FEE voor · constructed · same Reason cloth as FIN
- ✓ Men heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. men demotion · MeasureP stays the object · parallel to FIN Men heeft … bijgeschreven
- ✓ De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening niet afgeschreven. niet before the participle · af stays inside afgeschreven · Domain stays van · GEN-neg N/A
- ✓ De raad heeft het bedrag van elke rekening niet afgeschreven. noun MeasureP under niet · form unchanged · constructed
- ✓ De raad heeft drie bedragen van elke rekening niet afgeschreven. counted QP stays one object · unit inside the QP · constructed
- ✓ 0,3 ETH werd van elke rekening afgeschreven. worden promotes the MeasureP · van here is the Domain · constructed
- ✓ Het bedrag werd van elke rekening afgeschreven. noun MeasureP promoted · participle uninflected
- ✓ 0,3 ETH werd door de raad van elke rekening afgeschreven. passive agent door · so van elke rekening is not read as the agent · constructed
- ✓ FIN contrast, printed: De raad heeft elke rekening 0,3 ETH gecrediteerd. Account = DO · amount = MeasureP · credit-fin-nl.html
- ✓ FIN contrast, printed cloth: een bedrag bijschrijven op een rekening. op+Account · the string already on the MERIT and ATT pages
- ✓ FIN contrast, on the FIN page: De raad heeft 0,3 ETH op elke rekening bijgeschreven. op+Account · ACC MeasureP · directional goal, not a second object
- ✓ FIN contrast, on the FIN page: De raad schrijft 0,3 ETH op elke rekening bij. V2 · separable bij · same morphology type as af
- ✓ FIN contrast, on the FIN page: 0,3 ETH werd op elke rekening bijgeschreven. worden promotes the MeasureP · op stays
- ✓ FIN contrast, on the FIN page: Elke rekening kreeg 0,3 ETH bijgeschreven. krijgen-passive of the IO Account · FIN only
- ✓ FEE contrast, on the FEE page: Ze hebben twintig euro voor het eten in rekening gebracht. complex predicate · voor Consideration · Payer unfilled · charge-fee-nl.html
- * FEE contrast, on the FEE page: Wat twintig brengen ze in rekening? LBC on the fee QP · starred there · e2 there is debit / OWE
- ✓ ATT contrast, printed: De raad heeft de aannemer de vroegtijdige oplevering toegeschreven. ACC = Charge · IO = Target · attribute-att-nl.html
- ✓ MERIT contrast, printed: De investeerders hebben de aannemer de vroegtijdige oplevering toegeschreven. same letters · credit-merit-nl.html
- ✓ blame contrast, printed: De commissie gaf de aannemer de schuld van de vertraging. ACC = the noun · van = Charge · blame-nl.html
- ✓ DE contrast: Der Rat hat 0,3 ETH von jedem Konto abgebucht. von+DAT · deduct-de.html
- ✓ HU contrast: A tanács minden számláról 0,3 ETH-t levont. DEL Domain + ACC MeasureP · deduct-hu.html
- ✓ BG contrast: Съветът отчисли 0,3 ETH от сметката. от+Domain · deduct-bg.html
- ✓ PL contrast: Rada odjęła 0,3 ETH z rachunku. ACC MeasureP + z+GEN · deduct-pl.html
- * De raad heeft niet af 0,3 ETH van elke rekening geschreven. fake Focus split · af does not leave the participle · not Hungarian le-
- * …, dat de raad 0,3 ETH van elke rekening schrijft af. subordinate clause does not strand af
- * De raad heeft elke rekening 0,3 ETH afgeschreven. IO Account = bijschrijven / TO, not FROM
- * De raad heeft 0,3 ETH op elke rekening afgeschreven. op+Account = FIN directional Account, not this Domain
- * De raad heeft 0,3 ETH en elke rekening afgeschreven. no DOC of MeasureP + Domain as two bare Themes
- * De raad heeft elke rekening en 0,3 ETH afgeschreven. no coordination of two bare Themes
- * De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening bijgeschreven. already starred on FIN · van is this root, not bijschrijven
- * De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening voor een bitcoin afgeschreven. voor is FEE Consideration, not deduct Reason · Reason is wegens
- * Het slechte weer heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. weather ≠ Initiator
- * Elke rekening werd 0,3 ETH afgeschreven. no promotion of the van-PP Domain
- * Elke rekening kreeg 0,3 ETH afgeschreven. krijgen-passive is FIN’s IO Account, not this Domain
No genitive of negation · the MeasureP keeps its form · not the definition
van elke rekening is a prepositional Domain in the affirmative De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. Sentential niet does not write a genitive on the MeasureP. Polish rewrites the measuring QP under nie. Dutch does not. German keeps a visible accusative (den Betrag) because German has that ending and still has no genitive of negation. Dutch full NPs do not show that ending, so this page does not star a German genitive as if it were a Dutch word. The noun het bedrag and the counted QP drie bedragen keep the form they have in the affirmative. The decimal 0,3 ETH was never a case ending. The claim of √DEDUCT is the decrement of ⟨n,U⟩ from the Domain. Absence of genitive of negation is Case, not the sense.
✓ De raad heeft het bedrag van elke rekening afgeschreven. affirmative · noun MeasureP
✓ De raad heeft het bedrag van elke rekening niet afgeschreven. same form under niet · Domain still van elke rekening
✓ De raad heeft drie bedragen van elke rekening afgeschreven. affirmative · counted QP
✓ De raad heeft drie bedragen van elke rekening niet afgeschreven. whole QP · unit not stranded
Who is the object
✓ Wat heeft de raad van elke rekening afgeschreven? WH = MeasureP
✓ Van welke rekening heeft de raad 0,3 ETH afgeschreven? WH = Domain · van pied-pipes
✓ Waarvan heeft de raad 0,3 ETH afgeschreven? R-pronoun waarvan resumes van · not a fourth argument
* Van welke heeft de raad rekening 0,3 ETH afgeschreven? van does not strand the noun
* Waar heeft de raad 0,3 ETH van afgeschreven? waarvan does not strand van · the cut already stated on blame-nl.html
* Welke rekening heeft de raad 0,3 ETH afgeschreven? Domain is not a second bare object
* Elke rekening werd 0,3 ETH afgeschreven. no promotion of the van-PP
Companion aftrekken · not a second geometry
aftrekken is the companion the open item on credit-fin-nl.html names beside afschrijven. That item does not print a participle, and the FEE page does not use one. German abziehen is shown on the German cloth because the FEE notes there already use abgezogen. Dutch has no such prior participle, so this page does not invent afgetrokken as a quotation and does not check a filled companion sentence. Productivity is not ranked. If the companion is the same separable af, it is still one geometry: MeasureP + van+Domain. A cloth that copied FEE’s unfilled Payer and voor Consideration would be a different root’s business. FEE stays on charge-fee-nl.html. It is not closed from here, and no arithmetic-only frame is invented.
MeasureP WH / LBC
afschrijven has a verbal MeasureP. Amount and Denomination compose one measure object. Whole-QP pied-piping is free under Neg. Amount-only is free when the unit is bound. Left-branch extraction of Amount leaving the unit next to the verb is still out — same LBC record as English deduct, sell, chargeFEE, and the live creditFIN twins. van pied-pipes with the Domain. It does not split the MeasureP, and it does not strand the noun. waarvan resumes that van, the same R-pronoun family as FEE’s waarvoor and as blame’s waarvan. The licensers differ. V2 and the R-pronoun are not a fourth argument. There is no Hungarian preverbal Focus slot, so WH fronting is not a second host competing with a particle. Separable af goes to the right edge in a main clause and stays on the verb in a subordinate clause. It does not sit in a Focus host. Degree WH below uses ETH so it is not confused with a counted noun.
- ✓ Hoeveel ETH heeft de raad van elke rekening afgeschreven? whole MeasureP
- ✓ Hoeveel heeft de raad van elke rekening afgeschreven? degree WH · U bound
- ✓ Van welke rekening heeft de raad 0,3 ETH afgeschreven? van+Domain WH · whole PP
- ✓ Waarvan heeft de raad 0,3 ETH afgeschreven? R-pronoun · resumes van · does not strand
- ✓ Wie heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven? Initiator WH
- ✓ Wat heeft de raad van elke rekening afgeschreven? whole MeasureP as wat
- ✓ Waarom heeft de raad 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven? Reason · same WH as FIN Waarom · not FEE waarvoor
- ✓ Wie heeft hoeveel ETH waarvan afgeschreven? cluster hypothesis · not a ranked elicitation · not Hungarian Focus uniqueness
- * Hoeveel heeft de raad ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven? LBC · U stranded · same cut as FIN Hoeveel heeft de raad ETH
- * Wat heeft de raad 0,3 van elke rekening afgeschreven? what hijacks the object · stranded n
- * Van welke heeft de raad rekening 0,3 ETH afgeschreven? van does not strand the noun
- * Waar heeft de raad 0,3 ETH van afgeschreven? waarvan does not strand van
- ✓ FEE pointer, on the FEE page: Wat brengen ze in rekening? WH = fee MeasureP · not this Domain · charge-fee-nl.html
- ✓ FEE pointer, on the FEE page: Waarvoor hebben ze twintig euro niet in rekening gebracht? waarvoor = Consideration · not deduct Reason
- ✓ blame pointer: waarvan on blame resumes Charge · blame-nl.html · not this Domain
van-Domain ≠ IO Account ≠ op-Account · MeasureP ≠ Charge · MeasureP ≠ FEE’s unfilled Payer
van + Domain = the set the measure comes FROM under Appl_FROM. The IO Account, and op + Account, on bijschrijven are the book the measure goes TO. On crediteren the account is the direct object. The structural object here is the quantized decrement. On toeschrijven the accusative is Charge and the Target is IO or aan, for both ATT and MERIT. On de schuld geven the accusative is the light noun and van is Charge, resumed by waarvan. FEE’s in rekening brengen also has a MeasureP, and its Consideration is voor, resumed by waarvoor. The Payer’s Case on that page stays open. Same object letter on the fee is not a reason to merge afschrijven with in rekening brengen. e2 stays the decrement. Polish genitive of negation rewrites the Polish measuring QP. Dutch niet does not. Sharing a negative particle is not sharing that case rule, and it is not sharing the root.
Superiority ranks Initiator > MeasureP > van-Domain > outer Reason. Amount and Denomination never compete as two verbal WH-items. Cheap NegQ association tracks the MeasureP. Challenging the Domain wants that book already in the associate, under van or resumed by waarvan. Multiple WH fronting stays an open cluster flag. It is not an elicited superiority paradigm, and it is not Hungarian Focus uniqueness. Dutch has no ли. The polar question is verb-first.
Geometry · deduct ≠ creditFIN ≠ chargeFEE ≠ chargeACCUSE ≠ ATT / MERIT / blame ≠ pay
In the constructed cloth De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven, the board takes 0,3 ETH off the account’s book. That is FROM_SET decrement. The account is Domain. 0,3 ETH is MeasureP. e2 is decrement-true of that measure from the Domain.
- ≠ creditFIN / bijschrijven / crediteren. Shared MeasureP. Opposite polarity: deduct = FROM_SET decrement; FIN = TO_SET increment. FIN’s printed cloths are Account as DO on crediteren (De raad heeft elke rekening 0,3 ETH gecrediteerd) and op + Account on bijschrijven (een bedrag bijschrijven op een rekening), with an IO Account as the constructed twin of the German dative. van on the account is this root (*heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening bijgeschreven, already starred there). FIN’s e2 is HAS_ON_BOOKS. Payout is not entailed there, and it is not e2 here. Separable bij and separable af are the same kind of lemma prefix. They do not make the roots one verb. Live twin: credit-fin-nl.html.
- ≠ chargeFEE / in rekening brengen. Shared FROM family and a verbal measure. FEE’s e2 is debit / OWE. FEE’s Consideration is voor (voor het eten, on the FEE page), resumed by waarvoor. The predicate is brengen plus the fixed piece in rekening. That piece is not a separable prefix and not this Domain. Deduct ranks the Domain as van and files Reason as wegens. The FEE page’s earlier note that the FIN van reject points at decrement is a pointer to this root. It is not evidence that FEE’s open Payer was a van-PP, and it is not a second deduct frame. Live twin: charge-fee-nl.html.
- ≠ chargeACCUSE / aanklagen. Ascription: Judge > Target > Accusation. Different root. No selected MeasureP. No Appl_FROM of a measure. The FEE plate names aanklagen and does not print a worked string. See charge-accuse.html.
- ≠ blame / de schuld geven. Fault ascription. The accusative is the light noun de schuld. The person is IO or aan. Charge is van, resumed by waarvan. That van is Charge content. It is not deduct’s Domain and not FEE’s Consideration. Printed: De commissie gaf de aannemer de schuld van de vertraging. Weather is a fine Target and a failed Initiator.
- ≠ attributeATT / toeschrijven. Content-ascribe. Accusative Charge + IO or aan-Target. No MeasureP and no Domain. Printed: De raad heeft de aannemer de vroegtijdige oplevering toegeschreven. Live twin: attribute-att-nl.html.
- ≠ creditMERIT / toeschrijven + verdienste. Merit ascribe on the same letters as ATT. IO Target + accusative Charge. No MeasureP. Live at credit-merit-nl.html. Do not invent
credit-merit-bg.html. Do not invent credit-merit-pl.html.
- ≠ betalen / overmaken / payGIVE. Index 2 Payment. Pay writes a MeasureP with Recipient HAVE. Deduct writes a MeasureP FROM a Domain. A later transfer can move funds. That later event is not e2 of this cloth. The FIN page lists afschrijven beside uitbetalen and overmaken as a later payout name. That list is not a second geometry of √DEDUCT, and it is not filed as elicited payout.
- ≠ earmark. Earmark’s Purpose is RESTRICTED_FOR. Deduct’s wegens is JUSTIFIED_BY. No FROM-loss on earmark. No Dutch earmark page is opened here.
- ≠ sell / SWAP. Sell: Recipient HAS goods; Price stays inside a price phrase. Deduct’s object is the decrement. sell·Navajo stays deferred. No Dutch sell page is opened here.
- ≠ Hungarian Focus, ≠ Bulgarian object-stays, ≠ Polish GEN-neg, ≠ German accusative ending. Live Hungarian levon separates le- under Focus or nem and keeps the measure accusative. Live Bulgarian отчислявам has no nominal genitive, so the direct object keeps its form under не. Live Polish odjąć rewrites the measuring QP under nie. Live German abbuchen leaves den Betrag accusative under nicht and spells the Domain as von+DAT. Dutch niet leaves het bedrag in place and leaves van elke rekening in place. There is no dative ending on elke rekening for van to govern. Separable af is V2 morphology, not a Focus host.
- Missing defaults. Destruction, house-credit, guilt, and payout are not entailed. A follow-up that denies those sequels does not deny the decrement. HAS_ON_BOOKS ≠ decrement ≠ debit/OWE ≠ HAVE. Absence of GEN-neg ≠ the definition of deduct.
Shells, ApplP, and Case
Merge Merge
Initiator, MeasureP, and Domain are selected. The MeasureP and van+Domain merge under √DEDUCT. Amount and Denomination are inside one MeasureP, not two sisters of V. Separable af is not an argument. No DOC and no ApplHAVE of goods.
Agree Agree
T agrees with the Initiator (subject, φ). v licenses the MeasureP as the structural object, including under sentential niet. van takes the Domain. Dutch does not mark that NP dative, and there is no second Agree for a second Theme. There is no genitive of negation to license.
Move Move
WH fronts. van pied-pipes with the Domain. waarvan resumes it and does not strand van. Amount does not move out of the MeasureP (LBC). V2 puts finite T in C and leaves af at the right edge. A subordinate clause does not strand the prefix. The te-infinitive splits as af te schrijven. There is no unique preverbal Focus slot.
Filter Filter
Voice: weather is not an Initiator. The filter survives Neg and an outer permissive wrap. Gold e2 = decrement. No DOC of two bare Themes. The form of the MeasureP under niet is Case, not a new theta role. FIN bijschrijven / crediteren and FEE in rekening brengen are different roots.
- M1√DEDUCT merges with MeasureP ⟨Amount, Denom⟩
- M2van+Domain merges with the set
- M3Voice merges Initiator
- A4T ↔ Initiator · subject φ · V2 is the T-copy, not a fourth argument
- A5v ↔ MeasureP · structural object, including under niet (het bedrag, drie bedragen)
- V6WH fronts; van pied-pipes; waarvan resumes; Amount stays inside MeasureP
- V7Separable af at the right edge in V2; inside afgeschreven; af te schrijven
- F8Voice filter · weather ≠ Initiator
- G9Gold · e2 = decrement · LBC holds · GEN-neg N/A ≠ a new theta and ≠ the definition
Base tree (van Domain)
VoiceP [ Initiator = de raad
(ReasonP) [ wegens de drempel ] // optional, outer
ApplP_FROM [ van elke rekening ]
VP [ √DEDUCT [ MeasureP [ Amount 0,3 ] [ N ETH ] ] ]
]
— the MeasureP is the structural object (het bedrag / drie bedragen / 0,3 ETH)
— van spells the Domain; Dutch does not mark elke rekening dative
— that preposition is not GEN-neg
— af is the lemma prefix (schrijft … af / afgeschreven / af te schrijven)
Negative field (one MeasureP · form stays · Domain stays)
Neg [ niet ]
VP [ afgeschreven ]
— MeasureP keeps its form under niet (het bedrag / drie bedragen)
— decimal 0,3 ETH was never a case ending
— Domain: van elke rekening unchanged
— no second structural object
— af stays inside the participle; it is not a Focus host
— GEN-neg is N/A (Polish tej kwoty is deduct-pl.html)
— German den Betrag vs des Betrages is deduct-de.html
— object-stays under не is Bulgarian (deduct-bg.html), a different reason
— Focus separation of le- is Hungarian (deduct-hu.html), not this field
afschrijven licenses one structural object: the MeasureP. Under niet that object keeps its form. The Domain wears van. There is no frame in which MeasureP and Domain are both bare Themes. No low ApplHAVE of goods. No √ASCRIBE. No √CHARGE_FEE. High Reason is extra when present. Separable af (schrijft … af, afgeschreven, af te schrijven) is lemma morphology, the same type as FIN’s bij. It is not a Hungarian particle, not FEE’s in rekening, and not a Norwegian stranded-particle diagnostic.
Neo-Davidsonian sketch (entry decrement dual)
∃e [ DECREMENT(e)
∧ INIT(e, raad)
∧ DEGREE(e, 0.3) ∧ UNIT(e, ETH)
∧ FROM_SET(e, R) ∧ Hom(e, ⟨0.3, ETH⟩)
∧ JUSTIFIED_BY(e, Q3) ] // Reason optional
e2: ⟨0.3, ETH⟩ is off the books of R after e
Replace FROM_SET with TO_SET and DECREMENT with INCREMENT and the FIN entry drops out, with HAS_ON_BOOKS as that other e2. The van wrapper does not change the decrement. Keeping the MeasureP’s form under niet does not change the semantics and does not define the root. elke is the quantifier on R, not a second event. Debit/OWE is not a conjunct. Payout is not a conjunct.
Initiator filter
✓ Wie heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven?
✓ Het slimme contract heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. institutional Initiator
✓ Het clearinghouse heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. institutional Initiator
✓ De bank heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. institutional Initiator
* Het slechte weer heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. not a ledger authority
✓ Wat het slimme contract gedaan heeft, is 0,3 ETH van elke rekening af te schrijven. constructed · parallel to the FIN do-test · te-infinitive keeps af before te
* Wat het slechte weer gedaan heeft, is 0,3 ETH van elke rekening af te schrijven. Culicover & Jackendoff
Inanimate Targets are welcome on ATT and blame. Inanimate Initiators fail on deduct unless construed as books or code. An inanimate Domain is fine when it is a book (van elke rekening).
Type A · outer laten wrap
✓ Heeft men de bank niet 0,3 ETH van elke rekening laten afschrijven? outer Neg denies causing · infinitive keeps af attached · parallel to FIN laten bijschrijven
* Heeft men het slechte weer 0,3 ETH van elke rekening laten afschrijven? weather still not inner Initiator
* Heeft men de bank niet 0,3 ETH van elke rekening laten schrijven af? laten does not strand af
Promotion · worden · no raising of van · no krijgen of the Domain
✓ 0,3 ETH werd van elke rekening afgeschreven. worden promotes the MeasureP · agentless · van is the Domain
✓ Het bedrag werd van elke rekening afgeschreven. noun MeasureP promoted
✓ 0,3 ETH werd door de raad van elke rekening afgeschreven. agent door · Domain still van
✓ Men heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. men · object stays · not a promotion of the Domain
* Elke rekening werd 0,3 ETH afgeschreven. Domain does not raise on this root
* Elke rekening kreeg 0,3 ETH afgeschreven. krijgen promotes FIN’s IO Account, not a van-PP
* 0,3 werd ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. Amount ≠ separate promote
Underivables (Dutch deduct)
- * Het slechte weer heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. weather / inanimate as Initiator
- * Wat het slechte weer gedaan heeft, is 0,3 ETH van elke rekening af te schrijven. do-test · Initiator filter
- * Hoeveel heeft de raad ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven? LBC · U stranded
- * Wat heeft de raad 0,3 van elke rekening afgeschreven? LBC · stranded n
- * De raad heeft elke rekening 0,3 ETH afgeschreven. IO ≠ FROM · use bijschrijven / crediteren for TO
- * De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening bijgeschreven. FIN verb + FROM Domain · already starred on credit-fin-nl
- * De raad heeft 0,3 ETH en elke rekening afgeschreven. no DOC of MeasureP + Domain as two bare Themes
- * De raad heeft niet af 0,3 ETH van elke rekening geschreven. af does not split out of the participle
- * De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening voor een bitcoin afgeschreven. voor ≠ Reason · FEE Consideration
- * Elke rekening werd 0,3 ETH afgeschreven. van-Domain does not promote
- * Elke rekening kreeg 0,3 ETH afgeschreven. no krijgen-passive of this Domain
- * Van welke heeft de raad rekening 0,3 ETH afgeschreven? van does not strand the noun
- * Waar heeft de raad 0,3 ETH van afgeschreven? waarvan does not strand van
- * De raad heeft de aannemer 0,3 ETH van elke rekening toegeschreven. ATT/MERIT verb + decrement MeasureP hybrid
- ✓ institution / contract as Initiator: Het slimme contract heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening afgeschreven. book-keeper fine
N/A · not Dutch deduct diagnostics
Sibling deduct pages omit diagnostics the language does not have. Dutch deduct matches the FIN page’s local cuts: van+Domain, structural MeasureP, no genitive of negation, separable af as lemma morphology, and worden promotion of the MeasureP. krijgen is FIN’s IO promotion. It is not a diagnostic of this van-Domain. Hungarian Focus and prefix separation stay on deduct-hu.html. Bulgarian’s lack of nominal case stays on deduct-bg.html. Polish genitive of negation stays on deduct-pl.html. German von+DAT and the accusative ending on den Betrag stay on deduct-de.html.
- Genitive of negation as a Dutch fact, or as the definition of deduct. N/A. Dutch does not rewrite the MeasureP under niet. The Polish rewrite hits the measuring QP of zapisać and of obciążyć as well as odjąć. √DEDUCT is the decrement. Do not read the missing genitive as the sense, and do not star a German genitive the Dutch page does not write. The FEE page already marks a genitive rewrite of the QP under niet as N/A, with no Dutch genitive string printed.
- van as genitive of negation, or as a dative ending. N/A. elke rekening has the form it has because Dutch full NPs do not show case. van is the Domain preposition in the affirmative and under niet. There is no second genitive to write on the Domain, and there is no German jedem ending to copy.
- Hungarian Focus + nem as a unique preverbal host. N/A. Dutch negation is not a slot that strands a prefix out of the participle. Two or three WH phrases are an open cluster flag, not a Focus-uniqueness reject. Do not mark Wie heeft hoeveel ETH waarvan afgeschreven? ungrammatical on Hungarian grounds. The starred niet af … geschreven string is a fake Focus split, not a Dutch V2 fact.
- Separable af as a Norwegian stranded-particle test, as Hungarian le-, or as FEE’s in rekening. N/A. af is lemma morphology, like FIN bij: right edge in V2 (schrijft … af), inside the participle (afgeschreven), before te (af te schrijven). A subordinate clause keeps it attached (dat … afschrijft). in rekening stays with brengen / gebracht and is not this prefix.
- Hungarian definite versus indefinite conjugation. N/A. heeft afgeschreven does not conjugate for definiteness of the measure.
- krijgen promotion of a van-Domain, or Norwegian få of a dative Domain. N/A. This cloth has no IO Domain. worden promotes the MeasureP. krijgen promotes FIN’s IO Account (Elke rekening kreeg 0,3 ETH bijgeschreven). It does not promote van elke rekening. German bekommen is the same cut on a dative Account, filed on deduct-de.html.
- Romance en / ne. N/A. Quantity is the MeasureP, or a degree WH with the unit bound. waarvan resumes the Domain, not a partitive of the measure.
- Bulgarian absence of GEN-neg as this page’s reason for keeping the MeasureP’s form. N/A. Bulgarian has no nominal case for не to write. Dutch has no genitive-of-negation rule to write. The two “form stays” facts have different reasons. The Bulgarian fact is filed on deduct-bg.html.
- Polish z+GEN, or Polish tej kwoty, or German von+DAT, as this Domain or this MeasureP. N/A. Dutch van does not spell a case ending on the Domain. The MeasureP keeps its form. Those clothes of the same Appl_FROM are filed on deduct-pl.html and deduct-de.html.
- FEE Payer promotion as a deduct cloth. N/A. Dutch FEE leaves Payer Case open. Deduct keeps Domain oblique (van) and does not file a second object. in rekening is the levy’s predicate piece, not this MeasureP.
- IO Account and op+Account as this root’s Domain. N/A. That pair is the TO dual on bijschrijven / crediteren. This root’s ranked Domain is van.
- A filled aftrekken string. N/A as corpus. The lemma is named. The participle is not printed on the FIN or FEE page. Do not read a missing quotation as a second geometry.
NegQ pointer · association sites
Negative questions on deduct keep the decrement map from Negative_Questions_Deduct. They do not invent a fifth theta name, a Charge, or a fee Consideration. niet associates with the MeasureP. That associate keeps its form. The van-Domain stays the book the measure comes from. Reason stays outer wegens. Payout, guilt, and HAS_ON_BOOKS are systematically missing as default Neg targets. The FIN polar string below is the pattern already on that page. The deduct strings are constructed parallels of that negative. Dutch has no ли. The polar question is verb-first. The site treats that finite fronting as the V2 T-copy, not as a fourth argument. The open FIN question about whether NegQ on debiteren copies the ledger map stays on the FIN page. This page’s map is the decrement.
Dutch NegQ / WH–Neg core (constructed · decrement map)
✓ Heeft de raad 0,3 ETH van elke rekening niet afgeschreven? MeasureP host · Domain stays van
✓ Heeft de raad het bedrag van elke rekening niet afgeschreven? noun MeasureP · form unchanged · Domain stays van
✓ Werd 0,3 ETH van elke rekening niet afgeschreven? worden · MeasureP promoted · van is the Domain
✓ Waarvan heeft de raad 0,3 ETH niet afgeschreven? R-pronoun · Domain · does not strand van
✓ Van welke rekening heeft de raad 0,3 ETH niet afgeschreven? van pied-pipes
✓ Hoeveel ETH heeft de raad van elke rekening niet afgeschreven?
✓ Hoeveel heeft de raad van elke rekening niet afgeschreven? U bound
* Hoeveel heeft de raad ETH van elke rekening niet afgeschreven? LBC under Neg
✓ Waarom heeft de raad 0,3 ETH van elke rekening niet afgeschreven? Reason · waarom · not waarvoor
✓ FIN contrast, on the FIN page: Heeft de raad elke rekening 0,3 ETH niet bijgeschreven? credit-fin-nl.html
* Heeft het slechte weer 0,3 ETH van elke rekening niet afgeschreven?
* Welke rekening kreeg 0,3 ETH niet afgeschreven? krijgen is the IO Account, not this Domain
Missing defaults: no payout-true; no HAS_ON_BOOKS as e2; no debit/OWE as e2. A bare niet most readily challenges the decrement event or the MeasureP. Challenging the Domain wants that book already under van. This page does not file a genitive versus accusative contrast under negation. Dutch does not write that contrast.
Open items
- aftrekken productivity. Companion lemma named on the FIN open item beside afschrijven. Relative productivity is scout. No filled string is filed, because none was printed. Do not invent a second geometry, an arithmetic-only frame, or a corpus quotation. The separable af on the primary lemma is not a second sense. spec
- A second source preposition. Not ranked beside van. The ranked Domain is the preposition credit-fin-nl.html already rejects for bijschrijven. Do not file another preposition as elicited, and do not star it ungrammatical. spec
- Payout reading of afschrijven. The FIN page lists the lemma among later payout names (uitbetalen / overmaken). That list is not e2 of this cloth and is not a second sense page. Index 2 Payment stays betalen, overmaken.
- Norwegian deduct. Live at deduct-no.html (Done=98). trekke fra / fradrag, the FROM dual of live creditFIN · godskrive. Closes Group D deduct. Not this page.
- Group D FEE. Stays closed (German, Dutch, Norwegian). This page does not reopen it. FEE’s open Payer Case stays on charge-fee-nl.html.
- Group C deduct, FIN, and FEE. Stay closed. Deduct: levon / terhel (Done=93), отчислявам / удържам (Done=94), odjąć / potrącić (Done=95). FIN: jóváír, zapisać, записа. FEE: felszámol, таксувам, obciążyć / naliczyć. This page continues Group D deduct beside closed Group D FIN and FEE, after German Done=96.
- debiteren. The FIN open item asks whether NegQ on debiteren copies the ledger map. That question stays there. This page does not answer it and does not file a debiteren string.
- Multiple WH. Wie heeft hoeveel ETH waarvan afgeschreven? stays an open cluster flag. Not an elicited ranking, and not Hungarian Focus uniqueness.
- Navajo sell. Still deferred. No
credit-merit-bg.html. No credit-merit-pl.html.
Corpus filenames
Primary extract is Lexical_Entry_Deduct_Argument_Structure (Parse B, MeasureP, Appl_FROM, Voice filter, decrement e2) plus WH_Movement_Denominations_Deduct and Negative_Questions_Deduct. The Dutch clothes are the affirmative of the van reject already printed on credit-fin-nl.html (*De raad heeft 0,3 ETH van elke rekening bijgeschreven), beside the printed FIN affirmative De raad heeft elke rekening 0,3 ETH gecrediteerd and the printed op cloth een bedrag bijschrijven op een rekening. The companion lemma aftrekken is the name in that page’s open item. No participle of it is quoted, because none is printed. FEE, ATT, MERIT, and blame contrasts are the strings already on those pages. Group D plate: separable prefix as lemma morphology (the FIN page’s treatment of bij), V2 as a T-copy, R-pronoun waarvan that does not strand van (the cut already stated on blame). Constructed NL frames diagnose packaging. They are not new elicitation, and they are not a corpus quotation of aftrekken. Index 2 Payment remains betalen, overmaken.
- Lexical_Entry_Deduct_Argument_Structure.docx primary · √DEDUCT · Parse B · FROM_SET decrement
- WH_Movement_Denominations_Deduct.docx MeasureP LBC · Amount vs unit
- Negative_Questions_Deduct.docx Neg association · missing payout · Domain ≠ Loc
- Lexical_Entry_Credit_Argument_Structure.docx TO dual · bijschrijven / crediteren · IO / op Account · HAS_ON_BOOKS
- Lexical_Entry_Charge_Argument_Structure.docx FEE contrast · in rekening brengen · ACCUSE aanklagen
- INDEX2_Verbs.txt NL Payment = betalen, overmaken — deduct not Index 2
Series placement: Dutch sense×language twin of English deduct, Japanese deduct, Spanish deduct, French deduct, Italian deduct, Mandarin deduct, Hungarian deduct, Bulgarian deduct, Polish deduct, and German deduct. Continues Group D deduct beside live creditFIN · bijschrijven / crediteren and live chargeFEE · in rekening brengen. VERB_COUNT stays 10. Done=97. Norwegian trekke fra / fradrag are live at deduct-no.html (Done=98) and close Group D deduct. Does not invent a Polish or Bulgarian MERIT page, a filled aftrekken quotation, or Navajo. Speculation flagged.
Index 2 citations for neighbouring Payment class
deduct is Beyond Index 2. The Payment cell stays betalen, overmaken. Attitude on the same language line is de schuld geven, toeschrijven.