Headword
Language Hungarian · tenth language of load · Theme accusative -t and Goal sublative -ra/-re or illative -ba/-be on rak, felrak, berak, rárak · Location accusative and Theme instrumental -val/-vel on megrak · the preverb licenses that location object · definite conjugation tracks the accusative · terhel and megterhel are the burden · betölt and letölt are the computing gloss
Who loads, Theme, Location or Goal · Hungarian cloth · working claim, revisable
rak / felrak / rárak · Agent as subject + Theme accusative -t + Goal sublative -ra/-re · Czuczor–Fogarasi A szénát felrakni a szekérre · A terhet taligára, kocsira, szekérre, hajóra rakni
rak / berak · Agent as subject + Theme accusative -t + Goal illative -ba/-be · Czuczor–Fogarasi Könyveket, ruhákat szekrénybe rakni · Az árukat berakni a boltba · ÉrtSz A munkások berakták a deszkákat a teherkocsiba
megrak · Agent as subject + Location accusative -t + Theme instrumental -val/-vel · Czuczor–Fogarasi Megrakni a hajót gabonával, a szekeret szénával · the preverb meg- is on this frame · a bare rak with a location accusative and an instrumental theme is unprinted
megrak · Location accusative, theme left out · ÉrtSz and ÉKsz megrakja a szekeret · Czuczor–Fogarasi A szekeret megrakni
terhel / megterhel · burden · accusative + instrumental · ÉrtSz A hajót rakománnyal terheli · ÉKsz A hajót szénnel terheli · a sublative goal of this verb is the gloss vkire, not a printed argument
English load prints both frames on one verb. Cambridge prints load this sand onto the lorry. Oxford prints loading up a truck with timber. German splits the frames. laden takes the freight as an accusative and the goal in auf or in plus accusative. beladen takes the vehicle as an accusative and the freight in mit plus dative. Dutch prints met on plain laden. Russian prints a bare instrumental on нагрузить. Hungarian lines up with German. The dictionaries print the location-object frame on megrak, not on bare rak.
What the Hungarian articles print. The best gloss of load the hay onto the wagon is Czuczor–Fogarasi’s A szénát felrakni a szekérre. The hay is accusative. The wagon is sublative. The best gloss of load the boards into the truck is ÉrtSz A munkások berakták a deszkákat a teherkocsiba. The boards are accusative. The truck is illative. The best gloss of load the ship with grain and load the wagon with hay is Megrakni a hajót gabonával, a szekeret szénával. The ship and the wagon are accusative. The grain and the hay are instrumental. The preverb is meg-. The root rak is not what those dictionaries print on that object choice.
The definite conjugation tracks the accusative, whichever argument wears -t. Felrakja a képeket and megrakja a szekeret are definite. Babits’s Beraksz egy váltás fehérneműt is indefinite. The preverb sits immediately before the verb in felrakja, rárakja, megrakja, and betölti. It follows the verb in Rakd rá, in Móricz amit a kőmíves rakott fel, and in Vastömbökkel terhelték meg. Those are separate printed shapes.
Read the accusative of felrak, berak, rárak, and bare rak as the freight, and the sublative or the illative as the place it goes. Read the accusative of megrak as the place, and the instrumental as the freight. The instrumental is a case suffix. It is not a preposition. English with has no case on the noun. German mit takes the dative. A preverb is a piece of the verb. It is not that goal suffix.
Printed goal frame · Theme accusative · Goal sublative or illative
✓ A szénát felrakni a szekérre Czuczor–Fogarasi, A magyar nyelv szótára, 1862 · RAK · the hay is accusative · the wagon is sublative · this is the infinitive the article prints
✓ Megrakni a hajót gabonával, a szekeret szénával Czuczor–Fogarasi · MEGRAK, as the 1862 article is reprinted · the ship and the wagon are accusative · the grain and the hay are instrumental · szénával is the printed form
✓ A terhet taligára, kocsira, szekérre, hajóra rakni · Könyveket, ruhákat szekrénybe rakni · A zsákokat a kamrába rakni · Szénát, szalmát petrenczébe, baglyába, kazalba rakni the same RAK article · bare rak · the burden, the books, the clothes, the sacks, the hay, and the straw are accusative · the barrow, the cart, the wagon, and the ship are sublative · the cupboard, the storeroom, and the stack are illative · spelling as the page prints it
✓ Az árukat berakni a boltba Czuczor–Fogarasi · RAK · the goods are accusative · the shop is illative · the preverb is be-
széna hay · a szekérre onto the wagon · gabonával with grain · szénával with hay · the freight of the first frame is accusative · the place it goes is a case suffix · the second frame is megrak
Finite felrak, berak, rárak · ÉrtSz
✓ Felrakja a képeket a falra. · Felrakták a bútort a társzekérre. · Felrakják a gyerekeket a vonatra. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára · felrak · the pictures, the furniture, and the children are accusative · the wall, the wagon, and the train are sublative · definite -ja / -ják · the children are the passenger line
✓ felrakta a képet a falra · felrakja a kazalba a szalmát Magyar értelmező kéziszótár · the entry writes the verb as a tilde · ~ta a képet a falra · ~ja a kazalba a szalmát · the picture and the straw are accusative · the wall is sublative · the stack is illative · ~ja a lábát az asztalra is a foot on the table and stays off the wagon
✓ Berakja könyveit a szekrénybe, ruháját a bőröndbe. · Berakták a foglyokat a vonatba. · A munkások berakták a deszkákat a teherkocsiba. ÉrtSz · berak · books, clothes, prisoners, and boards are accusative · the cupboard, the suitcase, the train, and the truck are illative · the workers are the subject of the boards line · definite past berakták
✓ Beraksz egy váltás fehérneműt a kis kofferba ÉrtSz · Babits · indefinite 2sg -sz · the object is egy váltás · the case is on fehérneműt · the suitcase is illative
✓ A könyveket rárakja az asztalra. · Rakd rá a maradék kokszot a tűzre! · Rárakta a batyút a vállára. ÉrtSz · rárak · the books, the coke, and the bundle are accusative · the table, the fire, and the shoulder are sublative · Rakd is definite imperative 2sg · the preverb follows the verb · Arany prints A cipót, kulacsot, pecsenyét rárakta and leaves the goal out
he puts the pictures up on the wall · they loaded the furniture onto the wagon · they put the children on the train · he puts the straw into the stack · the workers loaded the boards into the truck · you pack a change of linen into the little case · he piles the books on the table · put the rest of the coke on the fire · the goal suffix and the preverb are different pieces
megrak · Location accusative · Theme instrumental
✓ Megrakja a zsebét pénzzel. · A várat megrakták őrsereggel és eleséggel. Czuczor–Fogarasi · MEGRAK · the pocket and the fort are accusative · the money, the garrison, and the provisions are instrumental
✓ megrakja a szekeret · megrakja a várat őrséggel ÉrtSz under szekér prints megrakja a szekeret and the participle rakott szekér · ÉKsz · Telerak vmivel · megrakja a szekeret · megrak vkit csomagokkal · meg van rakva · megrakja a várat őrséggel · the wagon line leaves the theme out · the fort line prints the instrumental · the two are not one wagon-and-hay line in ÉKsz
load the ship with grain · load the wagon with hay · he loads his pocket with money · they manned the fort with a garrison and provisions · load the wagon · the location object is printed on megrak · German prints the matching frame on beladen · Dutch prints met on plain laden
Hay on a wagon · the two English frames · constructed where the finite line is not the printed one
✓ Felrakja a szénát a szekérre. constructed · the pieces are Czuczor–Fogarasi A szénát felrakni a szekérre and the finite shape felrakja that ÉrtSz prints with the pictures, the furniture, and the children · no article opened here prints this finite stack as one line
* Szénával rakja a szekeret. constructed · location accusative and instrumental theme on bare rak · unprinted · the dictionaries print that object choice on megrak
* A szekeret a szénára megrakja. constructed · sublative of the hay on megrak · unprinted · the hay of this frame is instrumental
* A szénát a szekérrel rakja. constructed · instrumental of the wagon · unprinted · the wagon of the theme-object frame is sublative
English can say both on load. Hungarian prints the onto-frame on felrak and on bare rak, and prints the with-frame on megrak. The finite hay line is constructed. The rejected lines swap the case of the wagon and the hay.
terhel and megterhel · burden · accusative and instrumental
✓ A hajót rakománnyal terheli. · Gabonás zsákokkal terheli a szekeret. ÉrtSz · terhel · the ship and the wagon are accusative · the cargo and the sacks are instrumental · definite terheli
✓ A hajót szénnel terheli. · A vezetéket árammal terheli. · emlékezetét sok adattal terheli · Nehéz zsák terheli a vállát. · A költség őt terheli. ÉKsz · the entry writes the verb as a tilde · sense 1 is Terhet tesz, rak vmire and the example is the ship plus szénnel · the ship, the wire, the memory, and the shoulder are accusative · the coal, the current, and the data are instrumental · the sack and the cost are the subject · őt is accusative · vmire is the definition · a sublative noun is not the example
✓ Az útiköltség a vállalatot terheli. · Téged nem terhel felelősség. · Kit terhel a felelősség a szerencsétlenségért? · Nem terhellek már több kérdéssel. ÉrtSz · the cost and the responsibility are the subject · the company and the person are accusative · Téged nem terhel is indefinite, because the object is second person · terhellek is 1sg to 2sg · the questions are instrumental · -ért on the last line is the misfortune, not the goal of the load
✓ Vkinek szívét, lelkét terheli vmi. · A terem falait szentek képeivel terhelte. ÉrtSz · the dative vkinek is the possessor of the accusative heart or soul · Kemény prints the walls as accusative and the pictures as instrumental · a goal dative of terhel is not this line
✓ Vastömbökkel terhelték meg az új hidat. · Ezzel az összeggel számláját megterhelem. · A számla összegével Önöket megterheltük. ÉrtSz · megterhel · the beams, the sum, and the amount are instrumental · the bridge, the bill, and Önöket are accusative · Önök is grammatically third person, and the verb is definite megterheltük · in the bridge line the instrumental stands before the verb and meg follows it · Jókai prints Egy kisebb szánt megterheltem with bundaneműekkel
he loads the ship with cargo · he loads the wagon with sacks of grain · he loads the ship with coal · a heavy sack weighs on his shoulder · the cost charges him · the travel cost charges the company · no responsibility rests on you · I will not burden you with more questions · they loaded the new bridge with iron blocks · English on and German dative jemandem are not the printed case of the person · the person is accusative · ÉKsz sense 1 defines the verb as rak vmire and then prints the ship as an accusative · the responsibility sense says the burden vkire hárul and prints A költség őt terheli · a finite terhel with a sublative noun is unprinted in the articles opened here
Pour betölt · kept off the truck · computing gloss has no printed object
✓ A bort betölti a palackokba. · A búzát betölti a zsákokba. · A vizet betölti a pohárba. ÉrtSz · betölt · the wine, the wheat, and the water are accusative · the bottles, the sacks, and the glass are illative · definite betölti · this sense is pour · the same entry also prints filling a hole, a post, and an age · a program is not among them · the ÉKsz page for betölt returned no entry
✓ Betölti a programot. constructed · English Wiktionary, last resort, glosses betölt as “to load (e.g. a program or application)” and prints no Hungarian line · the finite shape is the definite betölti of the pour examples · the program object is unprinted in ÉrtSz and in the ÉKsz entry that opened
✓ Letölti a fájlt. constructed · Hungarian Wiktionary, last resort, glosses letölt as English download and German herunterladen and prints no line · the ÉKsz page for letölt opened empty · the file object is unprinted
he pours the wine into the bottles · the pour frame is theme accusative and illative, the same cases as berak, and the verb is not the truck · English uses load and download for the computing glosses · Hungarian uses the preverbs be- and le- · the two computing lines are constructed
Preverb and the place immediately before the verb
✓ felrakja · rárakja · megrakja · betölti · megterhelem ÉrtSz and ÉKsz · in these lines the preverb stands immediately before the verb
✓ Rakd rá a maradék kokszot a tűzre! ÉrtSz · imperative · the preverb follows the verb
✓ amit a kőmíves rakott fel ÉrtSz · Móricz · the relative amit stands before the verb · fel follows rakott
✓ Vastömbökkel terhelték meg az új hidat. ÉrtSz · the instrumental stands before the verb · meg follows terhelték
✓ nem tölt be · be is tölt English Wiktionary, last resort · the note says the prefix can split from the stem · these are the two shapes the note prints · they are not a cargo line
The neutral lines keep the preverb in the place immediately before the verb. The imperative, the relative, and the fronted instrumental print the preverb after the verb. Wiktionary prints nem tölt be and be is tölt. This page does not rank those shapes as one rule. It does not read meg- as a mark of completion.
Participle · which argument is the noun
✓ rakott szekér ÉrtSz · szekér · the wagon is the noun the participle modifies · the freight is unexpressed
✓ meg van rakva ÉKsz · megrak · the subject is left to the line that uses the phrase · the freight is unexpressed
a loaded wagon · the participle that is printed modifies the place, or leaves the subject unstated · a theme subject that keeps the sublative is unprinted
| Place | Introduced by (working) | Hungarian marking | Status in the sources | English marking |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agent | subject of the finite verb, when the subject is the loader | nominative · no suffix printed on the full noun | A munkások of berakták · many lines leave the subject to the verb ending | subject of load |
| Theme | the freight, when it is the accusative | accusative -t | a szénát · a képeket · a deszkákat · a könyveket · indefinite egy váltás fehérneműt with beraksz | object of load onto / into |
| Goal | where the freight goes | sublative -ra/-re · illative -ba/-be | a szekérre · a falra · a vonatra · a boltba · a teherkocsiba · a szekrénybe · a case suffix, not a free preposition | onto · into |
| Location | the place that receives the load, when that place is the accusative | accusative -t on megrak, terhel, megterhel | a hajót · a szekeret · a várat · az új hidat · bare rak with this accusative and an instrumental theme is unprinted | object of load with |
| Theme | the freight, when the place is the accusative | instrumental -val/-vel | gabonával · szénával · pénzzel · rakománnyal · szénnel · a case suffix · German mit is dative and sits on beladen · Russian prints a bare instrumental | with |
| Passenger | the person taken on | accusative -t · goal sublative or illative | ÉrtSz Felrakják a gyerekeket a vonatra · Berakták a foglyokat a vonatba | passengers onto a train |
| Source | where the freight is taken off | unloading case unprinted | no unloading line is filed on this page | from |
| Passive subject | the noun of the participle | the wagon of rakott szekér · the subject of meg van rakva is left to the line | ÉrtSz rakott szekér · ÉKsz meg van rakva · a theme subject that keeps the sublative is unprinted | was loaded |
Marking map. On rak, felrak, berak, and rárak, the accusative is the freight and the sublative or the illative is the goal. On megrak, the accusative is the place and the instrumental is the freight, and the preverb is meg-. terhel and megterhel print that same accusative-plus-instrumental pair for a burden. The definite conjugation follows the accusative. Do not read the pour lines of betölt as the truck. Do not read fészket rakni, which Czuczor–Fogarasi also prints, as cargo.
| English frame | Printed Hungarian line | Hungarian that prints it | Where the frame parts from the gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| load X onto Y | Czuczor–Fogarasi A szénát felrakni a szekérre · ÉrtSz Felrakja a képeket a falra · A könyveket rárakja az asztalra | felrak or rárak · also bare rak plus sublative · Theme -t · Goal -ra/-re | same object choice · the finite hay line is constructed · the goal is a case suffix, not onto · the preverb is not the goal suffix |
| load X into Y | ÉrtSz A munkások berakták a deszkákat a teherkocsiba · Czuczor–Fogarasi Az árukat berakni a boltba · Könyveket szekrénybe rakni | berak · also bare rak plus illative · Theme -t · Goal -ba/-be | same object choice · into a closed place is illative · onto a surface is sublative · English into does not make that split by case |
| load Y with X | Czuczor–Fogarasi Megrakni a hajót gabonával, a szekeret szénával | megrak · Location -t · Theme -val/-vel | English keeps this frame on load · Hungarian prints it on the preverb meg- · the root does not license the location object in the articles opened here · the freight is a case suffix · German needs be- and dative · Dutch prints met on plain laden · Russian prints a bare instrumental |
| load Y | ÉrtSz and ÉKsz megrakja a szekeret · Czuczor–Fogarasi A szekeret megrakni | megrak · location accusative · theme left out | the location-only frame is on megrak · a theme-only finite cargo line with the goal left out is thin · Arany’s rárakta leaves the goal out |
| burden | ÉrtSz A hajót rakománnyal terheli · Az útiköltség a vállalatot terheli · ÉKsz A hajót szénnel terheli · A költség őt terheli | terhel / megterhel · accusative + instrumental · or a burden as subject and a person as accusative | not English on · not German dative jemandem · the person is accusative · ÉKsz defines sense 1 as rak vmire and prints no sublative noun · vkire is the responsibility gloss · the printed dative is a possessor, vkinek szívét |
| computing load / download | no program line and no file line in the articles opened here | betölt glosses load · letölt glosses download · Wiktionary, last resort | English uses two verbs · Hungarian uses the preverbs be- and le- · ÉrtSz betölt is pour, theme accusative and illative · Betölti a programot and Letölti a fájlt are constructed |
| one verb, both frames | both English rows are load | the onto-frame and the into-frame are rak plus a directional preverb · the with-frame is megrak | the preverb, not the verb root, is what changes the object · German be- is the close match · Dutch does not need be- before the truck is the object |
| definite conjugation | felrakja a képeket · megrakja a szekeret · Beraksz egy váltás · Téged nem terhel · Nem terhellek | definite when the accusative is definite · indefinite when it is not, and with a second-person object of a third-person verb | English has no second conjugation that tracks the object · the Hungarian choice follows the accusative, whether that accusative is the theme or the location |
| preverb and Focus | felrakja · Rakd rá · rakott fel · terhelték meg · nem tölt be | immediately before the verb, or after it when another word takes that place | English load has no preverb to move · the printed Hungarian shapes are not ranked here as one rule |
Hungarian felrak and megrak beside the two English frames, German beladen, Russian нагрузить, and the other siblings. The Hungarian cards use lines the sources print.
HU · felrak
A szénát felrakni a szekérre
Czuczor–Fogarasi · Theme accusative · Goal sublative
Move English load the hay onto the wagon. The freight is accusative. The wagon is -ra. The preverb is fel-.
HU · megrak
Megrakni a hajót gabonával, a szekeret szénával
Czuczor–Fogarasi · Location accusative · Theme instrumental
Move English load the ship with grain. The preverb meg- is on this frame. German prints it on beladen.
HU · terhel
A hajót rakománnyal terheli
ÉrtSz · accusative + instrumental · burden
Move A burden, not the cargo alternation of rak. The person of the responsibility line is also accusative.
EN · load onto
load this sand onto the lorry
Cambridge · Theme object · Goal onto
Move One bare verb. The Hungarian gloss is felrak or rárak.
EN · load with
loading up a truck with timber
Oxford · Location object · Theme with
Move The same verb as the onto-frame. Hungarian moves this frame onto megrak.
DE · beladen
einen Wagen mit Kohle beladen
sibling page · Location accusative · Theme mit+dative
Move be- is required for this frame. Hungarian meg- is the close match. mit is a preposition. -val/-vel is a suffix.
RU · нагрузить
Г. баржу лесом
sibling page · Ozhegov · Location accusative · bare instrumental
Move A bare instrumental, with no preposition. Hungarian also uses a bare case suffix, and prints it on megrak.
NL · laden
een vrachtwagen laden met fruit
woorden.org · plain laden · Location object · Theme met
Move Dutch prints this frame on plain laden. Hungarian does not print it on bare rak.
JA · 積む
トラックに新米を積む
sibling page · Theme を · Goal に
Move The close Hungarian match is felrak. A location を plus theme で is unprinted on the Japanese page.
The articles print finite shapes. They do not print a full grid on this page. Definite forms in the cargo and burden lines are felrakja, felrakják, felrakták, berakja, berakták, rárakja, rárakta, Rakd, megrakja, megrakták, terheli, megterhelem, and megterheltük. Indefinite forms are Babits’s beraksz and ÉrtSz Téged nem terhel. Nem terhellek is first person to second person. The accusative’s definiteness picks the conjugation. The preverb does not. An outer Japanese -sase- wrap is not a form of this verb. It is not a second headword, and this page does not draw it. Which theta role is the object is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.
| Lemma | Shape, as printed | Preverb | What the object is |
|---|---|---|---|
| rak | rakni | none | theme accusative · goal sublative or illative |
| felrak | felrakja · rakott fel | fel- · follows the verb in the Móricz line | theme accusative · goal sublative, or illative in the ÉKsz straw line |
| berak | berakták · beraksz | be- | theme accusative · goal illative · -sz with an indefinite object |
| rárak | rárakja · Rakd rá | rá- · follows the imperative | theme accusative · goal sublative |
| megrak | megrakja · megrakták | meg- | location accusative · theme instrumental, or left out |
| terhel | terheli · terhellek | none on these lines | accusative + instrumental · or a subject that is the burden |
| megterhel | megterhelem · terhelték meg | meg- · follows the verb in the bridge line | accusative + instrumental |
| betölt | betölti · nem tölt be | be- · Wiktionary prints the split | pour is accusative + illative · a program object is unprinted |
rakott szekér modifies the wagon. meg van rakva leaves the subject to the line. The pour sense of betölt shares betölti with the computing gloss and is not the truck.
A nest. Czuczor–Fogarasi also prints fészket rakni. That accusative is a nest. It stays off the wagon.
Pour, a post, and an age. ÉrtSz betölt prints A bort betölti a palackokba, and the entry also fills a hole, a role, and an age. Those lines stay off the truck and off the program. The ÉKsz page for this verb returned no entry.
A beating, a dance, and a fire. The MEGRAK reprint files a beating sense and a dance sense beside the cargo lines. ÉKsz sense 3 of megrak is Megver, and the same entry prints megrakja a tüzet for laying a fire. They stay off the ship.
A wire and a bill. ÉKsz A vezetéket árammal terheli is a current. ÉrtSz számláját megterhelem is a bill. The cases match the burden frame. They are not hay.
Argument difference. English load hay onto the wagon and load the wagon with hay are one verb, and the second freight is with. Hungarian prints the first frame on felrak, with accusative hay and sublative wagon, and prints the second frame on megrak, with accusative wagon and instrumental hay. The preverb licenses the location object. The definite conjugation follows whichever accusative is the object. German prints the second frame on beladen and marks the freight with dative mit. Dutch prints met on plain laden. Russian prints a bare instrumental. The finite hay line is constructed. The dictionary cousins are the lines with the real tags.
Printed cousins · then the constructed hay line
✓ A szénát felrakni a szekérre Czuczor–Fogarasi
✓ Megrakni a hajót gabonával, a szekeret szénával Czuczor–Fogarasi
✓ A munkások berakták a deszkákat a teherkocsiba ÉrtSz
✓ Felrakja a szénát a szekérre. constructed on the infinitive and on finite felrakja
* Szénával rakja a szekeret. constructed · unprinted on bare rak
* A szekeret a szénára megrakja. constructed · unprinted · sublative of the hay
Each sketch is a working drawing. The subject is the loader, except where a burden is the subject of terhel. On one frame the accusative is the freight and the sublative or the illative is the goal. On the other the accusative is the place and the instrumental is the freight, and that frame is printed on megrak. The preverb is outside the root. Open one sketch at a time. Which theta role is the object is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. That note, following Dowty, chooses the object by Proto-Patient properties, and the property it uses is incremental theme. The moving freight is the closer match to that property. Whether the filled place is that property is open. This page does not edit that note, and it does not draw an outer Japanese -sase- wrap.
felrak / berak · working, revisable
[ —
[ fel- [ √rak- ]
[Theme a szénát ]
[Goal a szekérre ]]] ← Czuczor–Fogarasi
← sublative -ra
[ —
[ be- [ √rak- ]
[Theme a deszkákat ]
[Goal a teherkocsiba ]]] ← ÉrtSz
← illative -ba
fel- and be- are preverbs. -ra and -ba are the goal suffixes. Bare rak prints the same two suffixes. A finite Felrakja a szénát a szekérre is constructed.
✓ A szénát felrakni a szekérre Czuczor–Fogarasi
* A szénát a szekérrel rakja. constructed · unprinted
megrak · the preverb licenses the location object · working, revisable
[ —
[ meg- [ √rak- ]
[Location a hajót ]
[Theme gabonával ]]] ← Czuczor–Fogarasi
← instrumental -val
[ —
[ meg- [ √rak- ]
[Location a szekeret ]]] ← ÉrtSz · theme left out
German prints this shape on beladen. Dutch prints it on plain laden. A bare rak with the wagon as accusative and the hay as instrumental is unprinted. The instrumental is a suffix, not German mit plus dative.
✓ Megrakni a hajót gabonával, a szekeret szénával Czuczor–Fogarasi
* Szénával rakja a szekeret. constructed · unprinted
Accusative + instrumental · working, revisable
[ —
[ √terhel- ]
[Location a hajót ]
[Theme rakománnyal ]] ← ÉrtSz
[ Az útiköltség
[ √terhel- ]
[ a vállalatot ]] ← the burden is the subject
← the person is accusative
The sense gloss says the burden vkire hárul. A finite line with that sublative as an argument of terhel is unprinted. Vkinek szívét is a possessor dative plus an accusative. meg- on megterhel follows the verb when the instrumental is fronted: Vastömbökkel terhelték meg.
✓ A hajót rakománnyal terheli ÉrtSz
The place immediately before the verb · working, revisable
[ felrakja
[Theme a képeket ]
[Goal a falra ]] ← preverb before the verb
[ Rakd
[Theme a kokszot ]
rá
[Goal a tűzre ]] ← imperative · preverb after
[ amit
[ a kőmíves rakott fel ]] ← Móricz · fel after the verb
[ Vastömbökkel
[ terhelték meg
[Location az új hidat ]]] ← meg after the verb
Neutral lines keep the preverb immediately before the verb. The imperative, the relative, and the fronted instrumental print it after the verb. Wiktionary, last resort, prints nem tölt be and be is tölt. These shapes are not collapsed into one rule here.
✓ Rakd rá a maradék kokszot a tűzre ÉrtSz
Working paper · October 2026 · Hungarian micro-entry · beyond Index 2
rak, felrak, berak, and rárak print the freight as an accusative and the goal as a sublative or an illative. megrak prints the place as an accusative and the freight as an instrumental. The preverb, not the root, licenses that location object. The definite conjugation tracks the accusative. terhel is the burden. A program object of betölt is unprinted.
Hungarian frames: Czuczor–Fogarasi, A magyar nyelv szótára (1862), RAK, and the MEGRAK reprint of that dictionary. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (ÉrtSz) for felrak, berak, rárak, szekér, terhel, megterhel, and betölt. Magyar értelmező kéziszótár (ÉKsz) for megrak, terhel, and felrak. The ÉKsz pages for betölt, letölt, rárak, and ráterhel returned no entry. English Wiktionary and Hungarian Wiktionary, last resort, for the computing gloss and the split prefix, with no Hungarian computing line. The Hungarian National Corpus was not opened. English, German, Dutch, Russian, and Japanese frames are the ones already on the sibling load pages.
Records rak with the freight as an accusative and the goal in the sublative or the illative, and megrak with the place as an accusative and the freight in the instrumental. The preverb licenses the location object. The definite conjugation tracks that accusative. All of this is a working claim, revisable.