Headword
Language Italian · sixth language of load · one verb · Theme as direct object and Goal su, in, or sopra, as the source prints it · Location as direct object and Theme di · Sabatini Coletti names con beside di in the gloss and prints di in the example · passengers are a direct object, or the object of a vehicle subject · ricaricare and scaricare only where a dictionary prints the cargo frame
Who loads, Theme, Location or Goal · Italian cloth · working claim, revisable
caricare · Agent as subject + Theme as direct object + Goal (su + noun · in + noun · sopra in the Treccani pattern sopra o in un veicolo)
caricare · Agent as subject + Location as direct object + Theme (di + noun) · Sabatini Coletti’s gloss also names con, and the example of that sense is di
passengers · the person is the direct object, with su or in where that phrase is printed · or the vehicle is the subject and the passengers are the object, with no goal phrase
caricarsi di · the subject takes the weight · di is the thing · there is no vehicle object in that line
English load prints both frames on one verb. Cambridge prints load this sand onto the lorry and, in the business entry, The tanker was loaded with four million gallons of diesel oil. Oxford prints Sacks were being loaded onto the truck and Men were loading up a truck with timber. German splits those frames across two verbs. laden takes the freight as an accusative and the goal in auf or in plus accusative. beladen takes the vehicle as an accusative and the freight in mit plus dative. French keeps both frames on charger, and the freight beside the place is de. Spanish keeps both frames on cargar, and the freight beside the place is de or con, as the source prints it. Russian keeps both frames on грузить, and the freight beside the place is a bare instrumental. Japanese prints one particle frame, Theme を and vehicle に.
What the Italian articles print. One verb keeps both object choices. Treccani’s sense 1.a is Mettere sopra un veicolo, o addosso a un animale, a una persona, un peso da trasportare. With the freight left unnamed it prints c. una nave, un vagone, un camion and come l’hanno caricato quel povero asino. With the vehicle left unnamed it prints c. pietre, rena, legna, bitume, farina. The explicit place-object line is c. l’automobile di bagagli, la nave di merci, la macchina di valigie. The same paragraph calls the other shape more common: c. merci, casse, sacchi sopra o in un veicolo. The freight is the direct object there, and the goal is sopra or in. De Mauro prints the same two shapes in one numbered sense: caricare i bagagli sull’automobile, then riempire di oggetti, cose, merci: caricare la stiva di provviste. Sabatini Coletti numbers them apart. The su sense is Mettere qlcu. o qlco. su altro, spec. su un mezzo di trasporto, with c. le valigie in macchina, i passeggeri sull’autobus. The fill sense is Riempire qlco. di, con un carico, with c. la nave di carbone.
The best English gloss of the car-object line is load the car with luggage. English with is one preposition. The Italian clauses print di. Cambridge’s Italian–English block glosses caricare l’auto di pacchi as overload the car with packages, and files that line under gravare. Collins files caricare di (merci etc) under sovraccaricare and glosses it to overload with. Treccani files l’automobile di bagagli in the ordinary transport sense and calls sopra o in the more common shape. A finite line that prints con of the freight beside a vehicle is unprinted in the articles opened here. Sabatini Coletti’s gloss names con beside di, and the example of that sense is di carbone. French prints de and does not print avec. Spanish prints finite de in one article and finite con in another. German prints mit on a second verb. Russian prints a bare instrumental.
Passengers are printed, on the same verb. Sabatini Coletti puts i passeggeri sull’autobus in the same sense as le valigie in macchina. Hoepli prints c. gli scolari sul pullman under Far salire su un mezzo di trasporto. Cambridge prints caricare gli amici in macchina, glossed to pick up one’s friends in a car. Treccani, De Mauro, and the WordReference Italian definition also print a vehicle subject: l’autobus non può c. più di cinquanta passeggeri, il bus non ha caricato i passeggeri, l’autobus non può c. più di 60 passeggeri. The sources do not assign su to freight and in to passengers, or the reverse. Sabatini’s freight example is in and the passenger example is sull’. Cambridge’s freight example is sul treno and the passenger example is in macchina. Hoepli prints su for the suitcases and for the schoolchildren.
Read the direct object of the su / in / sopra frame as the freight, and the preposition as the place it goes. Read the direct object of the other frame as the car, the ship, the hold, or the shelf, and read di as the freight on the line that prints it. A passenger can be that direct object, with su or in, or the object of a vehicle subject. Reflexive di is the thing the subject takes. It is the freight of caricarsi, and that line has no vehicle object.
Printed caricare · Theme direct object · Goal su or in
✓ caricare i bagagli sull’automobile De Mauro · sense 1 · porre su un mezzo di trasporto o su un animale da soma · the bags are the object · the car is su · sull’ is su plus the article
✓ Il mercato stava chiudendo e i venditori caricavano la merce sui camion. WordReference Italian–English · principali traduzioni · label (mettere un peso su qs o qn) · gloss The market is closing and the vendors are loading their goods into their vans · the goods are the object · the trucks are sui · the English gloss uses into and the noun vans
✓ c. le valigie sul treno · c. i bauli sul furgone · c. le valigie in macchina Hoepli · sense 1 · WordReference definizione · sense 1 · Sabatini Coletti · the suitcases, the trunks, and the suitcases again are the object · the train and the van are su · the car in the Sabatini line and in the WordReference line is in
✓ c. merci, casse, sacchi sopra o in un veicolo Treccani · sense 1.a · più com. · the goods, the crates, and the sacks are the object · the vehicle is sopra or in · the paragraph does not print the word su
i bagagli the bags · sull’automobile onto the car · la merce the goods · sui camion onto the trucks · le valigie the suitcases · sul treno onto the train · in macchina into the car · sopra o in un veicolo onto or into a vehicle · the freight is the direct object · the place it goes is su, in, or sopra, as the line prints it
su, in, sopra, and a · what each source assigns to the place
✓ su un mezzo di trasporto · sul treno · sui camion · sull’automobile · sull’autobus · sul pullman · sul furgone Sabatini Coletti · Hoepli · WordReference · De Mauro · su plus the article is sul, sui, or sull’ · the noun is the train, the trucks, the car, the bus, the coach, or the van
✓ in macchina · in un veicolo Sabatini Coletti · WordReference definizione · Collins labels caricare su/in and caricare in macchina · Treccani sopra o in un veicolo · in is the car, or a vehicle in the Treccani pattern
✓ sopra o in un veicolo Treccani · sense 1.a · the pattern · sopra and in are the two goal words of that sentence · a named truck after sopra is unprinted
✓ il piroscafo caricherà le merci al molo centrale Hoepli · sense 1 · the ship is the subject · the goods are the object · al molo is the pier · al is a plus the article · this a is the dock
su is the car, the train, the trucks, the bus, the coach, and the van in the clauses that print it · in is the car in in macchina, and a vehicle in Treccani’s in un veicolo · sopra is Treccani’s other goal word, in the same pattern as in · the articles do not print one of these three for every vehicle · a of a vehicle, as in a goal al camion, is unprinted · the printed al is the pier
The place as direct object · Theme di · or the freight left out
✓ c. l’automobile di bagagli, la nave di merci, la macchina di valigie Treccani · sense 1.a · Più esplicitamente · the car, the ship, and the car are the object · di bagagli, di merci, and di valigie are the freight · the same sense also prints c. una nave, un vagone, un camion with the freight left out
✓ caricare la stiva di provviste · c. la nave di carbone · c. la nave di merci De Mauro · sense 1 · riempire di oggetti, cose, merci · Sabatini Coletti · Riempire qlco. di, con un carico · WordReference definizione · Riempire un mezzo di trasporto · the hold, the ship, and the ship are the object · the stores, the coal, and the goods are di
✓ caricare l’auto di pacchi · caricare la mensola di libri Cambridge Italian–English · label (gravare) · glosses to overload the car with packages and to overload a shelf with books · the car and the shelf are the object · the packages and the books are di · the English gloss uses with
✓ come l’hanno caricato quel povero asino · c. la nave oltre la sua portata Treccani · sense 1.a · Hoepli · sense 2 · the donkey and the ship are the object · lo in l’hanno caricato resumes the donkey · the freight is unexpressed
load the car with luggage · load the hold with stores · load the ship with coal · overload the car with packages · they have loaded that poor donkey · load the ship beyond its capacity · the place is the direct object · the freight, where the line prints it, is di · these lines do not print con
con in a gloss · no finite freight con in the articles opened here
✓ Riempire qlco. di, con un carico: c. la nave di carbone Sabatini Coletti · the frame label names di and con · the example prints di carbone · the ship is the object
✓ caricare di (merci etc) Collins Italian–English · sense 3 · labeled (sovraccaricare) · gloss to overload with · the Italian preposition in the label is di · the English gloss is with · no finite vehicle in the line · the figurative half of the same sense is di lavoro, responsabilità
fill something with a load · load the ship with coal · overload with goods · Sabatini Coletti names con in the gloss and prints di in the example · Collins prints di and glosses it with English with · a finite caricare il camion con il fieno is unprinted · Spanish prints that second preposition in a finite truck line
The vehicle as subject · Theme or passengers as the object · no goal phrase
✓ l’autocarro è andato a c. mattoni · l’autotreno ha caricato legname · la nave ha caricato le merci Treccani · sense 1.b · Hoepli · sense 1 · Sabatini Coletti · Detto di un mezzo di trasporto, accogliere un carico · the truck, the road train, and the ship are the subjects · the bricks, the timber, and the goods are the object · no su and no di
✓ l’autobus non può c. più di cinquanta passeggeri · il bus non ha caricato i passeggeri · l’autobus non può c. più di 60 passeggeri Treccani · sense 1.b · De Mauro · sense 1 · far salire a bordo · WordReference definizione · Di mezzo di trasporto, ricevere sopra · the bus is the subject · the passengers are the object
✓ Questo camion può caricare 30 quintali. WordReference Italian–English · label (ricevere un carico) · the truck is the subject · 30 quintali is the object · the English sentences on that block are marked Questa frase non è una traduzione della frase inglese
the truck went to load bricks · the road train has loaded timber · the ship has taken the goods on · the bus cannot take more than fifty passengers · this truck can take thirty quintals · the vehicle is the subject · the freight or the passengers are the object · these lines do not print a goal
Passengers as the direct object · su or in
✓ c. le valigie in macchina, i passeggeri sull’autobus Sabatini Coletti · one sense · the suitcases are in macchina · the passengers are sull’autobus · sull’ is su plus the article
✓ c. gli scolari sul pullman Hoepli · sense 1 · fam. Far salire su un mezzo di trasporto · the schoolchildren are the object · the coach is sul
✓ caricare gli amici in macchina Cambridge · label persona (far salire) · gloss to pick up one’s friends in a car · the friends are the object · the car is in · Collins labels caricare in macchina (passeggero) as to give a lift to, and the same in macchina for suitcases as to put into the car
load the suitcases into the car, the passengers onto the bus · load the schoolchildren onto the coach · pick one’s friends up in the car · the passenger is the direct object · the vehicle is su or in, as the line prints it · French charger un client has the client as the object and prints no sur and no dans · a dictionary block that prints un cliente of a taxi was not in the articles opened here
A person as the object · burden · di · and reflexive caricarsi di
✓ c. uno di noie, d’ingiurie, di botte, di cortesie, di regali · il maestro ci carica di compiti Treccani · sense 2.b · fig. Colmare · the person is the object · ci is the pupils · the nuisances, the insults, the blows, the courtesies, the presents, and the homework are di
✓ c. qualcuno di lavoro, di botte, di responsabilità · c. gli studenti di compiti · caricare gli operai di lavoro · caricare qlcu di responsabilità Hoepli · sense 2 · Sabatini Coletti · Cambridge · the person, the students, the workers, and someone are the object · the work, the blows, the responsibility, and the homework are di
✓ caricarsi di libri, di pacchi, di valigie · non caricarti troppo di libri · c. di pacchi Treccani · sense 2.d · Sabatini Coletti · Sottoporsi a un peso eccessivo · WordReference definizione · Gravarsi di un carico · the subject takes the books, the parcels, or the suitcases · di is the thing · no vehicle object
✓ caricarsi di lavoro, di responsabilità · c. di lavoro · si è ricaricato di lavoro Treccani · sense 2.d · Sabatini Coletti · fig. · Sabatini Coletti ricaricarsi · the work and the responsibility are di · the subject is the person · De Mauro prints caricare di lavoro with the person left out of that line
load someone with nuisances · the teacher loads us with homework · load someone with work, with blows, with responsibility · don’t load yourself up with too many books · load oneself with work · he has loaded himself with work again · the printed burden beside a person is di · a finite caricare qualcuno con lavoro is unprinted · reflexive di has no vehicle object · Spanish intransitive cargar con prints con for that thing
A body, a shelf, a tram · kept beside the vehicle, and off the truck frame where the noun is not a vehicle
✓ caricare lo zaino in spalla · caricarsi un sacco in spalla Cambridge · gloss to put a backpack on one’s back · WordReference definizione · anche tr. pron. · the backpack and the sack are the object · in spalla is the shoulder · this in is the body
✓ c. uno scaffale di libri, un tram di passeggeri, lo stomaco di cibi Treccani · sense 2.a · riempire oltre il bisogno · the shelf, the tram, and the stomach are the object · the books, the passengers, and the food are di · the tram line is this overload sense · the bus-subject line of sense 1.b is the other passenger shape
put the backpack on one’s shoulder · load oneself with a sack on the shoulder · load a shelf with books, a tram with passengers, the stomach with food · in spalla is the body · di libri on a shelf is the same di as the freight, and the shelf is the place · the stomach stays off the truck frame
ricaricare and scaricare · only the lines that show a load, a source, or di of a weight
✓ ricaricare i pacchi sul furgone · r. le casse sul furgone De Mauro · ricaricare sense 1a · the definition is caricare di nuovo un veicolo o un animale di una merce o di un peso da trasportare · the example is the parcels and sul furgone · Sabatini Coletti · Caricare di nuovo qlco. su un mezzo di trasporto · the crates are the object · the van is sul
✓ r. il fucile · r. la batteria · devo r. il mio telefonino Sabatini Coletti · Treccani ricaricare · the gun, the battery, and the phone · Treccani’s ricaricare article prints no cargo line
✓ gli operatori stavano scaricando dal camion i sacchi di cemento · s. le valigie dal taxi sul marciapiede Treccani · scaricare sense 1.a · Sabatini Coletti · the sacks and the suitcases are the object · the truck and the taxi are dal · dal is da plus the article · the pavement is sul
✓ s. una nave, un autotreno · bisogna scaricarlo di qualche quintale Treccani · sense 1.b · the ship and the road train are the object · lo resumes the trailer · di qualche quintale is the weight · Sabatini Coletti prints s. una nave with the freight left out, and il tram ha scaricato i passeggeri with the tram as the subject
✓ gli automezzi scaricarono le truppe a pochi chilometri dal fronte Treccani · sense 1.a · the trucks are the subject · the troops are the object · a pochi chilometri is the place they are set down · this a is that place
load the parcels onto the van again · load the crates onto the van again · the stevedores were unloading the sacks of cement from the truck · unload the suitcases from the taxi onto the pavement · unload a ship · it has to be unloaded of a few quintals · the trucks set the troops down a few kilometres from the front · ricaricare prints the freight as the object and the van in su · De Mauro’s definition of that verb also says di una merce, and the example does not print that di · scaricare prints the freight as the object with the vehicle in da, or the vehicle as the object with the weight in di
Participle · which argument is the subject
✓ un battello già c. Treccani · caricato sense 1 · Che ha ricevuto il carico · the boat is the noun · the freight is unexpressed · the same sense prints un orologio poco c. and fucile c., the clock and the gun
✓ un camion su cui era stato caricato suo marito GDLI · truncated citation hit on the camion search, in the range CARICABBASSO to CARICARE, vol. II p. 763 · the same fragment is also listed under another headword · the husband is the subject of era stato caricato · the truck is su cui · the hit does not print the author
a boat already loaded · a truck onto which her husband had been loaded · the Treccani participle modifies the boat and leaves the freight out · the truncated GDLI hit makes the person the subject and keeps su · a participle that makes the ship the subject and keeps di is unprinted · a participle that makes the bags the subject and keeps su or in is unprinted in the articles opened here · French était chargée de charbon makes the barge the subject and keeps de
Hay on a truck · the two English frames · constructed where the clause is not the printed one
✓ Caricare il fieno sul camion. constructed · modelled on De Mauro i bagagli sull’automobile and on WordReference la merce sui camion · fieno is not the noun
✓ Caricare il fieno in un veicolo. constructed · modelled on Treccani sacchi sopra o in un veicolo and on le valigie in macchina · fieno is not the noun · in un veicolo is the printed pattern
✓ Caricare il fieno sopra un veicolo. constructed · modelled on Treccani sopra o in un veicolo · fieno is not the noun · a named truck after sopra is unprinted
✓ Caricare il camion di fieno. constructed · modelled on Treccani l’automobile di bagagli and on Sabatini Coletti la nave di carbone · fieno is not the noun · di of a freight noun is printed
* Caricare il camion con il fieno. constructed · con of the freight beside a vehicle · unprinted as a finite line · Sabatini Coletti names con in di, con un carico and prints di carbone
* Caricare il fieno al camion. constructed · a of the vehicle as the goal · unprinted · the printed al is al molo centrale · the goal of the freight in the clauses is su, in, or sopra
il fieno the hay · sul camion onto the truck · in un veicolo into a vehicle · sopra un veicolo onto a vehicle · di fieno of hay · con il fieno with the hay · English can say both on load and marks the second freight with with · French prints de · Spanish prints de and con · Italian prints di in the clauses · these hay lines are constructed · con il fieno and al camion are not the printed freight and the printed goal
| Place | Introduced by (working) | Italian marking | Status in the sources | English marking |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agent | subject of the finite verb, when the subject is the loader | subject · no case ending printed | i venditori · omitted in the bare infinitive lines · the truck, the ship, and the bus are the subject where the line says the vehicle takes the load | subject of load |
| Theme | the freight, when it is the direct object | direct object · no case ending | i bagagli · la merce · le valigie · i bauli · merci, casse, sacchi · mattoni · legname · i pacchi on ricaricare · i sacchi di cemento on scaricare | object of load onto / into · this sand · sacks |
| Goal | where the freight goes | su + noun · in + noun · sopra in the Treccani pattern | sull’automobile · sui camion · sul treno · sul furgone · in macchina · sopra o in un veicolo · a of a vehicle unprinted · the printed al is the pier | onto · into · Cambridge onto the lorry · Oxford onto the truck |
| Location | the vehicle, hold, animal, or shelf that receives the load | direct object · or the noun modified by caricato, where that noun is the boat | l’automobile · la nave · la macchina · la stiva · l’auto · un camion with the freight left out · l’asino · un battello già caricato | object of load or of load with · a truck · the tanker |
| Theme | the freight, when the place is the object | di + noun | di bagagli · di merci · di valigie · di provviste · di carbone · di pacchi · Sabatini Coletti names con in the gloss · a finite con of that freight is unprinted · a stack of di and con on one vehicle is unprinted | with · with timber · French de · Spanish de or con · German mit plus dative · Russian bare instrumental |
| Passenger | the person taken on | direct object, with su or in · or object of a vehicle subject | i passeggeri sull’autobus · gli scolari sul pullman · gli amici in macchina · cinquanta passeggeri and 60 passeggeri with the bus as subject · un cliente unprinted in the dictionary blocks | pick up · take passengers · French un client |
| Source | where the freight is taken off | da + noun · dal in the printed line | dal camion · dal taxi on scaricare · a source beside a freight object of caricare is unprinted | from · unload from the truck |
| Passive subject | the noun of caricato, or the subject of era stato caricato | the boat, with the freight left out · the person, with su, in the truncated GDLI hit | un battello già caricato · suo marito in the truncated hit, truck su cui · a vehicle subject that keeps di is unprinted · a freight subject that keeps su or in is unprinted in the articles opened here | was loaded with · were loaded onto |
Marking map. On the su / in / sopra frame, the direct object is the freight and the preposition is the goal. On the other frame, the direct object is the place, and the freight is di. con is a word in Sabatini Coletti’s gloss di, con un carico. The example of that gloss is di. al molo is the pier. in spalla is the shoulder. Reflexive caricarsi di has no place object. Do not read caricare il fucile, caricare la batteria, or caricare un programma as this cargo frame.
| English or sibling frame | Printed line | Italian that prints it | What the gloss does |
|---|---|---|---|
| load X onto/into Y | Cambridge load this sand onto the lorry · Oxford onto the truck · German Kisten auf einen Lkw laden · French les bagages dans la voiture · Spanish patatas en la furgoneta | caricare · Theme direct object · Goal su, in, or sopra · i bagagli sull’automobile · le valigie in macchina · sopra o in un veicolo | same frame · the hay line is constructed · a of a vehicle is unprinted · the WordReference gloss of sui camion uses English into |
| load Y with X | Oxford loading up a truck with timber · Cambridge business loaded with diesel oil · German einen Wagen mit Kohle beladen · French était chargée de charbon · Spanish de patatas and con mercadería | same verb · Location direct object · Theme di · l’automobile di bagagli · la nave di carbone · la stiva di provviste · l’auto di pacchi | English has one preposition, with · Italian prints di · Cambridge and Collins gloss that di as overload with · Treccani files the car-and-luggage line in the ordinary sense |
| one verb, both frames | both rows above are load · both rows are French charger · both rows are Spanish cargar | both rows are caricare · Treccani and De Mauro keep them in one numbered sense · Sabatini Coletti numbers the su sense and the di sense apart | Italian matches English, French, and Spanish in keeping one verb · German uses two verbs |
| Spanish de and con | la furgoneta de patatas · el camión con mercadería · finite clauses, split by source | di is printed on the place-object lines · con is named in Sabatini Coletti’s gloss di, con un carico · the example is di carbone | Spanish prints both prepositions in finite lines · Italian prints di in the clauses |
| French de only | La péniche était chargée de charbon · avec unprinted | di is printed on an active place-object line · a participle that keeps di on a vehicle subject is unprinted · con of the freight is unprinted as a finite line | French prints de on a participle whose subject is the barge · Italian prints di on the active car, ship, and hold |
| German be- | beladen · Location accusative · Theme mit plus dative | the place-object frame of caricare · freight di · one verb | one Italian verb covers the German pair · English with and German mit meet Italian di in the clauses |
| Russian bare instrumental | Г. баржу лесом · no с | di · a preposition · reflexive caricarsi di is a different shape, with no vehicle object | Russian prints no preposition on that freight · Italian prints di |
| Japanese を + に | トラックに新米を積む · both English glosses sit on this shape | the su / in frame is the close match · the place-object frame is the other object choice | Japanese does not print Location を plus Theme で · Italian does print the place as object, with di |
| passengers | French charger un client · no sur and no dans · Spanish passenger of a vehicle unprinted | i passeggeri sull’autobus · gli scolari sul pullman · gli amici in macchina · l’autobus … cinquanta passeggeri | Italian prints the passenger as an object, with su or in, and also as the object of a vehicle subject · un cliente is unprinted in the dictionary blocks |
Italian caricare beside the two English frames, Spanish cargar, the two German verbs, French charger, Japanese 積む, and Russian грузить. The Italian cards use lines the dictionaries print.
IT · caricare · su / in
caricare i bagagli sull’automobile
De Mauro · Theme direct object · Goal su
Move English load the bags onto the car. The freight is the object. The car is in su. Sabatini Coletti also prints in macchina. Treccani prints sopra o in.
IT · caricare · di
c. l’automobile di bagagli, la nave di merci, la macchina di valigie
Treccani · Location direct object · Theme di
Move English load the car with luggage. The Italian preposition in the clause is di. Sabatini Coletti names con in the gloss and prints di carbone.
EN · load onto / into
How long will it take to load this sand onto the lorry? Sacks were being loaded onto the truck.
Cambridge learner · Oxford
Move Same English verb as the with-card. Italian prints this frame as a direct object plus su, in, or sopra.
EN · load with
Men were loading up a truck with timber. The tanker was loaded with four million gallons of diesel oil.
Oxford · Cambridge business
Move The truck is the English object. Italian prints di. Cambridge glosses l’auto di pacchi with English with, under overload.
ES · cargar · de / con
Cargaron la furgoneta de patatas. Cargaron el camión con mercadería.
Diccionario del estudiante · Cambridge · see the Spanish page
Move Spanish prints finite de and finite con, split by source. Italian prints di in the clauses. con stays in Sabatini Coletti’s gloss.
DE · laden / beladen
Kisten auf einen Lkw laden. einen Wagen mit Kohle beladen.
Duden · DWDS · two verbs · see the German page
Move German splits the frames across two verbs. Italian prints both on caricare. mit is a preposition. Italian prints di.
FR · charger · de
La péniche était chargée de charbon.
Académie · see the French page · place is the subject · Theme de
Move One French verb, and the freight beside the place is de. Italian prints di on an active car, ship, and hold. avec is unprinted. Italian con is unprinted as a finite freight line.
JA · 積む · に + を
トラックに新米を積む。
デジタル大辞泉 · Theme を · Goal に · both English glosses sit on this shape
Move One particle frame. Italian has the second object choice on caricare. An outer -sase- wrap is not a second headword and is not drawn.
RU · грузить · instrumental
Г. баржу лесом.
Ozhegov · Location accusative · Theme bare instrumental · see the Russian page
Move The barge is the object. Russian prints no preposition on the timber. Italian prints di.
The shapes below are the ones Treccani, Hoepli, Sabatini Coletti, De Mauro, and WordReference print. Treccani’s headword line prints io càrico, tu càrichi. Hoepli prints càrico, -chi, càricano, the present participle caricànte, and the past participle caricàto. Sabatini Coletti prints càrico, càrichi ecc. The past participle is the Treccani headword caricato. Lo Zingarelli online was not opened. Nothing is quoted from it. An outer Japanese -sase- wrap is not a form of this verb. It is not a second headword, and this page does not draw it. Which theta role is the object is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.
| Lemma | As printed | Shapes in the lines above | What stays off the cargo frame |
|---|---|---|---|
| caricare | Treccani transitive sense 1 for the weight and the vehicle · De Mauro sense 1 · Sabatini Coletti the su sense and the di, con sense · present càrico, càrichi | caricare · caricavano · caricato · caricherà · ha caricato · l’hanno caricato | a weapon, a battery, a clock, a camera, a file, a fee, an attack, a game |
| caricarsi | Treccani sense 2.d · Sabatini Coletti Sottoporsi a un peso eccessivo · WordReference definizione Gravarsi di un carico | caricarsi · caricarti | caricarsi per una gara is the concentration sense · the stomach and the insults stay off the truck |
| ricaricare | De Mauro sense 1a · Sabatini Coletti le casse sul furgone · Treccani’s article prints the gun, the clock, the pipe, and the phone | ricaricare · ricaricato | ricaricare il fucile · la batteria · il telefonino |
| scaricare | Treccani senses 1.a and 1.b · Sabatini Coletti the dal line and s. una nave | scaricando · scaricarlo · scaricarono · ha scaricato | a weapon, a battery, a file, a river, a person one is done with |
The participle caricato is the form in un battello già caricato and in the truncated era stato caricato. caricherà is Hoepli’s future of the ship at the pier. lo in l’hanno caricato is the donkey. ci in ci carica di compiti is the pupils of the burden line. mi in Treccani’s l’autobus mi scarica proprio davanti a casa is the passenger set down.
Weapon, battery, clock, camera, computer, fee. Treccani prints c. il fucile, c. l’orologio, c. un accumulatore, and the computing sense of putting data or a program into memory. Cambridge prints caricare un fucile, caricare l’orologio, caricare la macchina fotografica, and caricare un programma sul disco rigido. WordReference prints caricare la pistola and caricare il cellulare. Hoepli files the commercial sense as Addebitare. Treccani’s commercial line is c. sul prezzo le spese di trasporto. That su is the price. The cargo su is the one whose noun is the vehicle.
Attack and sport. Treccani prints la cavalleria caricò all’improvviso and la polizia stava caricando la folla dei dimostranti. Sabatini Coletti prints c. i dimostranti and c. il portiere. Hoepli prints la polizia ha caricato i dimostranti. The crowd and the goalkeeper are the object of the attack. That object stays off the truck frame.
Exaggeration and encouragement. Treccani prints c. la dose and l’allenatore ha caricato la squadra. Sabatini Coletti prints c. i colori and la vittoria lo ha caricato. The dose, the colours, and the team stay off the truck.
A taxi client as its own object. The dictionary blocks opened here print passengers as passeggeri, scolari, and amici. A block that prints un cliente, the way the French page prints un client, was not among them. Forum thread titles on WordReference are not filed. The labeled translation blocks and the dictionary senses are the ones used.
Argument difference. English load hay onto the truck and load the truck with hay are one verb, and the second freight is with. German prints the first frame on laden and the second on beladen. French prints both on charger, and the freight beside the place is de. Spanish prints both on cargar, and the freight beside the place is de or con, as the source prints it. Russian prints both on грузить, and the freight beside the place is a bare instrumental. Japanese prints Theme を and vehicle に. Italian prints both object choices on caricare. The goal of the freight is su, in, or sopra, as the source prints it. The freight beside the place is di in the clauses. Sabatini Coletti names con in the gloss and prints di in the example. The hay sentences are constructed. The dictionary cousins are the lines with the real tags.
Printed cousins · then the constructed hay lines
✓ caricare i bagagli sull’automobile De Mauro
✓ c. l’automobile di bagagli, la nave di merci, la macchina di valigie Treccani
✓ c. le valigie in macchina, i passeggeri sull’autobus Sabatini Coletti
✓ c. la nave di carbone Sabatini Coletti
✓ Caricare il fieno sul camion. constructed on i bagagli sull’automobile
✓ Caricare il camion di fieno. constructed on l’automobile di bagagli
* Caricare il camion con il fieno. constructed · unprinted · con of the freight
* Caricare il fieno al camion. constructed · unprinted · a of the vehicle
Each sketch is a working drawing. The subject is the loader, except where the vehicle is the subject of the printed line. On one frame the direct object is the freight and su, in, or sopra is the goal. On the other the direct object is the place and di is the freight. Open one sketch at a time. Which theta role is the object is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. That note, following Dowty, chooses the object by Proto-Patient properties, and the property it uses is incremental theme. The moving freight is the closer match to that property. Whether the filled place is that property is open. This page does not edit that note, and it does not draw an outer Japanese -sase- wrap.
caricare · working, revisable
[ —
[ √caric-
[Theme i bagagli ]
[PP su [ l’automobile ]]]] ← De Mauro
[ —
[ √caric-
[Theme le valigie ]
[PP in [ macchina ]]]] ← Sabatini Coletti
[ —
[ √caric-
[Theme sacchi ]
[PP sopra [ un veicolo ]]]] ← Treccani · sopra o in
su, in, and sopra are the goal in these lines. The articles do not reserve one of them for freight and another for passengers. a of a vehicle is unprinted. al molo centrale is the pier, and the ship is the subject of that Hoepli line. caricare un programma sul disco rigido has this su and a program. That line stays off the cargo frame.
✓ caricare i bagagli sull’automobile De Mauro
* Caricare il fieno al camion. constructed · unprinted
caricare · the place is the object · working, revisable
[ —
[ √caric-
[Location l’automobile ]
[PP di [ bagagli ]]]] ← Treccani · sense 1.a
[ —
[ √caric-
[Location la nave ]
[PP di [ carbone ]]]] ← Sabatini Coletti
gloss also names con
The clauses print di. Sabatini Coletti’s sense gloss is di, con un carico, and the example is di carbone. Collins prints caricare di and glosses it to overload with. Cambridge files l’auto di pacchi under gravare. Treccani files l’automobile di bagagli in the ordinary transport sense. A clause that prints con of the freight, or that stacks di and con on one vehicle, is unprinted. Reflexive caricarsi di libri has di and no location object.
✓ c. l’automobile di bagagli Treccani
✓ c. la nave di carbone Sabatini Coletti
The subject takes the weight · working, revisable
[ —
[ √caric- si
[PP di [ libri ]]]] ← no vehicle object
Treccani files this as Gravarsi di un carico. Sabatini Coletti prints non caricarti troppo di libri. The thing is di. The preposition is the same di as in l’automobile di bagagli, and the line has no vehicle object. The reflexive is the same verb. It is not a second headword.
✓ non caricarti troppo di libri Sabatini Coletti
Participle · working, revisable
[ un battello
[ già caricato ]] ← vehicle · freight left out
[ suo marito
[ era stato caricato
[PP su [ cui ]]]] ← truncated GDLI hit · person subject
Treccani’s un battello già caricato modifies the boat and leaves the freight out. The truncated GDLI hit makes the husband the subject and keeps su. French était chargée de charbon makes the barge the subject and keeps de. An Italian participle that makes the ship the subject and keeps di is unprinted. A participle that makes the bags the subject and keeps su or in is unprinted in the articles opened here. scaricando dal camion i sacchi di cemento is active. The sacks are the object and dal camion stays.
✓ un battello già caricato Treccani · caricato
Working · the printed Italian freight preposition in the clauses is di
[ —
[ √LOAD
[Theme bags ]
[PP onto [ the car ]]]] ← English onto
← Italian su / in / sopra
← French sur / dans
← Spanish en
← German laden
← Japanese を + に
← Russian accusative + на/в
[ —
[ √LOAD
[Location a car ]
[PP with [ luggage ]]]] ← English with
← German beladen
← French de
← Spanish de or con
← Italian di
← Russian bare instrumental
← Japanese gloss only
Treccani prints both Italian object choices in one sense of caricare and does not split them onto two verbs. It prints di beside the car. Sabatini Coletti also names con in the gloss and prints di in the example. Spanish prints finite con as well as finite de. French prints de and does not print avec. German prints the second frame on beladen. Russian prints a bare instrumental. Japanese prints both English glosses on Theme を plus Goal に.
Working paper · October 2026 · Italian micro-entry · beyond Index 2
caricare prints both frames on one verb. The freight is the direct object and the goal is su, in, or sopra. The place is the direct object and the freight is di. Sabatini Coletti names con beside di in the gloss and prints di in the example. Spanish prints finite de and finite con. French prints de. German splits the frames across laden and beladen. Russian prints a bare instrumental. Japanese prints one を plus に frame.
Italian frames: Treccani for caricare, caricato, ricaricare, and scaricare. Sabatini Coletti, on Corriere, for caricare, ricaricare, and scaricare. De Mauro, on Internazionale, for caricare and ricaricare. Hoepli for caricare. Cambridge Italian–English for caricare. Collins Italian–English for the construction labels caricare su/in, caricare in macchina, and caricare di. WordReference Italian–English, the labeled principali traduzioni, and the WordReference Italian definition. The GDLI camion search, for two truncated hits. English, Spanish, German, French, Japanese, and Russian frames are the ones already on the sibling load pages. Lo Zingarelli online, Garzanti, and a Crusca consulenza were not opened.
Records caricare with the freight as the direct object and the goal in su, in, or sopra, and with the place as the direct object and the freight in di. English load prints both frames on one verb and uses with. Spanish prints de and con. French prints de. German prints the second frame on beladen. Russian prints a bare instrumental. Japanese prints both English glosses on を plus に. All of this is a working claim, revisable.