buy · Mandarin (买) — Event-Structure Dictionary

Arguments

Buyer, Goods, Beneficiary, place · Mandarin cloth · working claim, revisable

Voice[Buyer] + complement of the root (Goods, bare object) + Beneficiary in preverbal 给+person where the usage article fills one + 买+给 where that article fills one + place in 在…里 where that article fills one

A purchase, on this reading, has a Buyer, the Goods, a Beneficiary when a line fills one, and a place when a line fills one. They are not four equal sisters of 买. Voice adds the Buyer, the subject. The root’s complement is the Goods, a bare object, with no case ending. The seventh edition of 现代汉语词典 defines 买 as 拿钱换东西（跟“卖”相对） and fills 买票, 买布, and 卖出粮食，买进化肥. English Wiktionary fills 我买了辆新车. The usage article says the verb takes a noun object, and the filled objects include 一套西装 and 零食. The same article prints the person in two shapes. Preverbal 给 is 从来没给孩子买过零食. Postverbal 买+给 is the pattern 买+给…, filled as 这是买给妈妈的 and 那是买给妹妹的礼物. The place that article prints is 正在商店里买着结婚用的东西. The drawing is working and revisable. It is not a settled analysis.

What is different from the English gloss buy X from Y for Z (for W). Cambridge prints the goods as the object of buy a small car, the seller as from in I bought my camera from a friend of mine, and the person as the first object of [+ two objects] or in for: He bought his mother some flowers / He bought some flowers for his mother. Mandarin prints the goods as a bare object. It does not print 从, 跟, or 向 plus a person on the 买 articles read here. Those three seller shapes are to-verify. It does not print a bare indirect object, the shape of 买他一本书 and of English buy him a book. That bare person is to-verify. It is not starred, because the articles do not reject it. The person that is printed is inside 给. Preverbal 给孩子买过零食 and postverbal 买给妈妈的 are not one marker. The seventh-edition article of 给, sense 3, is the preposition after the verb for handing over, and the filled verbs are 送, 还, 捎, and 留. 买 is not named there. Sense 4 of that article is 为, filled as 他给我们当翻译 and 医生给他们看病, and those lines are not 买. Dutch kopen prints the person and the sum as voor, and prints a bare nominal labeled regionaal. Norwegian kjøpe prints the person as til and leaves the bare indirect object unprinted. Japanese 買う prints the beneficiary as bare に and the seller, where Saito fills one, as から. Mandarin prints neither that bare に nor that から.

Places · who wears which marking

No printed purchase line of 买 stacks a seller, a beneficiary, the goods, and a sum. 给孩子买过零食 has preverbal 给 and the goods. 买给妈妈的 has 买给 and no second noun of goods after the person. 买票 and 我买了辆新车 have the goods and no person. 正在商店里买着结婚用的东西 has the place and the goods.

Printed goods · bare object

✓ ～票｜～布｜卖出粮食，～进化肥第7版 · 买 · sense 1

buy a ticket · buy cloth · sell the grain and buy fertilizer · the buyer is unfilled · no 给 · no seller

Printed beneficiary · preverbal 给, and postverbal 买给

✓ 从来没给孩子～过零食 usage article · noun object · 给 before the verb

✓ 这是～给妈妈的｜那是～给妹妹的礼物 usage article · pattern 买+给… · both lines are attributive

has never bought snacks for the child · this was bought for mother · that is a present bought for the younger sister · a finite theme after 买给+person is unprinted · a bare 买他一本书 is unprinted

Places of Mandarin buy: introducer, marking, status, English marking
Place	Introduced by (working)	Mandarin marking	Status	English marking
Buyer	Spec,Voice	subject (昨天他买了, 我买了辆新车, 他们买了)	structural subject · the seventh edition’s examples leave it unfilled · the usage article and Wiktionary fill it	subject of buy
Goods	complement of the root	bare object (票, 布, 化肥, 一套西装, 辆新车, 年货)	structural object · no case ending · 第7版 · usage article 带名词宾语 · Wiktionary · 购买年货	object of buy · second object of Cambridge’s [+ two objects]
把 · Goods	disposal of the patient · not a new argument	the shape 把书买了	unprinted on the 买 articles read · the seventh-edition 把 line the send page cites is 把这两封信贴上邮票发出去 · to-verify	English buy does not front the goods with a disposal marker
Seller · 从 / 跟 / 向	coverb + person · unprinted	no filled person	unprinted on 买, 购买, and 购 · 第7版跟 sense 4b glosses 向 and fills 跟大家说说, not 买 · 收购’s gloss is 从各处买进, examples 棉花 and 粮食, no person · to-verify	from + person (from a friend of mine)
Beneficiary · 给 before the verb	给+person · before 买	给孩子买过零食	usage article · inside the noun-object examples · 第7版给 sense 4 is 为 and does not fill 买	for + person (for his mother)
Beneficiary · 买给	买+给 · after the verb	买给妈妈的 · 买给妹妹的礼物	usage article · pattern 买+给… · both printed lines are attributive · a theme after the person is unprinted · 第7版给 sense 3 does not name 买	the for of buy some flowers for his mother · not a printed match of the bare first object
Beneficiary · bare	bare person · no 给	the shape 买他一本书	unprinted · to-verify · not starred · Dutch’s bare nominal is labeled regionaal · Japanese prints bare に, which is still a particle	first object of [+ two objects] (his mother)
Price	amount directly, where a line fills one	数十千钱买一颗 · 这个柜子200块钱可买不下来	國語辭典 · 柳浑 · the amount stands before 买 · the usage article puts 200块钱 inside the note on 买不下来 · 花+amount and 用…买 are unprinted · to-verify as price markers	a numeral for is unprinted in the Cambridge lines the other buy pages opened
Place · 在…里	在+place+里	正在商店里买着	usage article · 在商店买 without 里 is unprinted · to-verify · 去书店购书 is 去 on 购 · 到别的店买买 is 到	a shop phrase is unprinted in the Cambridge lines the Dutch page opened

Marking map. One coverb can belong to more than one place. Read the line, then the marker. 给 before 买 is the person in 给孩子买过零食. 给 after 买 is the pattern 买+给. The seventh-edition article of 给 does not file those two 买 lines under one sense. 在…里 in 正在商店里 is the place. 用 in 结婚用的东西 is inside the noun. It is not a price. 帮 in 帮隔壁的大娘买买粮食 is printed and is not labeled as 给. Full noun phrases do not inflect.

The Buyer is the subject. The usage article prints 昨天他买了一套西装, 他们买了一条狼狗, and 我想买一套休闲装. English Wiktionary prints 我买了辆新车. The seventh edition’s examples 买票 and 买布 leave the subject unfilled. The buyer is not the noun after 给.
The Goods are the one bare object. 把 with 买 is unprinted. Seventh edition: 票, 布, 化肥. Usage article: 带名词宾语, with 一套西装, 零食, 结婚用的东西, 粮食, 一条狼狗, 一套休闲装, 几条观赏鱼. 汉语用法词典: 买米, 几本书, 一只鸡, 菜, 鱼, 电子琴. 國語辭典: 买田, 买书, 买茶. Wiktionary: 辆新车. 两岸通用词典: 买衣服. A second bare object is not printed as the goods. 把 plus those goods is unprinted on these articles. To-verify. The seventh edition of 卖 does print 把余粮卖给国家. That 把 is on the converse, not on 买.
The person-seller is unprinted. No line read here is 从他买, 跟他买, or 向他买. Seventh-edition 跟 sense 4 introduces the target of an action. Sense 4b glosses that use as 向 and fills 跟大家说说. It does not fill 买. Seventh-edition 收购 is 从各处买进, examples 收购棉花, 收购粮食, and 完成羊毛收购计划. 从各处 is inside the definition. No person follows 从. The examples are the goods. A seller phrase on 买 is to-verify. Japanese から and Norwegian av are printed on those verbs. They are not copied onto a line these articles do not print.
The Beneficiary splits. Preverbal 给 is not postverbal 买给. The bare indirect object is unprinted. The usage article’s noun-object string includes 从来没给孩子买过零食. 给孩子 stands before 买. The goods are 零食. The same article then prints a separate pattern, 买+给…, filled only as 这是买给妈妈的 and 那是买给妹妹的礼物. Both of those lines are attributive. Neither is 买给妈妈一本书 and neither is 买一本书给妈妈. A theme after the person, and a theme between 买 and 给, are unprinted. To-verify. Seventh-edition 给 sense 3 is after the verb, 表示交与，付出. The note says a verb that already has a giving meaning may take 给 or omit it, and a verb without that meaning must take 给. The filled pairs are 还（给）他一本书, 送（给）我一支笔, 捎给他一个包袱, and 留给你钥匙. 买 is not in that list, so the note is not a classification of 买. Sense 4, 为, does not fill 买 either. A bare person beside the goods, the shape of English buy him a book, is unprinted. To-verify. It is not given Dutch’s label regionaal, because the articles do not print the line and do not print that label. 帮隔壁的大娘买买粮食 is 帮, not this 给.
Price is an amount standing with the verb, where a line fills one. 花 and 用 are unprinted as price markers of 买. 國語辭典 quotes 柳浑: 数十千钱买一颗. The amount stands before 买. The usage article’s note on 买不下来 is 这个柜子200块钱可买不下来. 200块钱 is inside that note. The same article prints 钱花光了，衣服也买不成了. 花 there is its own clause, the object is 钱, and 买 is the next clause. It is not 花+amount+买. 便宜了一百多块钱 is the note on 买着了. 汉语用法词典 prints 你买的鱼多少钱一斤. 多少钱 asks the price of the fish. It is not a complement of 买. 钱买不了良心 makes 钱 the subject, and the object is not the goods of a purchase. 用…买 is unprinted. 结婚用的东西 has 用 inside the noun. On 卖 the live page files price with 以, 用, and 多少钱. Those markers are not printed here on 买.
The place that is printed on 买 is 在…里. The usage article: 我见他的时候，他正在商店里买着结婚用的东西呢. 汉语用法词典 prints 还可到别的店买买 and 这次进城. Seventh-edition 购 prints 去书店购书. 國語辭典 quotes 白居易: 前月浮梁买茶去. 浮梁 is a place name in that verse, with no 在. 我上街买买去 is 上街. A string 在商店买 with no 里 is unprinted. To-verify.
购买, 购, and 收购 only where the articles print a frame. Seventh-edition 购买 is 买, example 购买年货. The goods are 年货. No person and no price. Seventh-edition 购 is 买, examples 采购, 认购公债, and 去书店购书. 书 is the object. 书店 is the place of 去. CC-CEDICT glosses 购 “to buy / to purchase” and prints no clause. Seventh-edition 收购 is 从各处买进, with 棉花 and 粮食. CC-CEDICT glosses 收购 as bulk or official purchase, and as acquisition of a company. That English gloss is not a Mandarin frame. 买通 in the usage article is 用钱贿赂过来. It stays off the purchase frame. Seventh-edition 买好 is a separate headword, 故意讨人喜欢. It is not this verb.

EN ⇄ ZH valency strip

Each row lines up one English slot with a Mandarin slot. The alignment type says what happens to the slot: = (same object status), or shift (from / for / the double object beside the marker the line prints). Printed dictionary lines come first. Every other sentence is constructed, modelled on a printed line. They show the working alignment, not frequency, and not a bilingual corpus.

English–Mandarin valency alignment for buy / 买, one row per argument
Slot	EN form	ZH form	Align	EN example	ZH example
Buyer	SUBJ of buy	subject	=	I bought my camera from a friend of mine Cambridge	我买了辆新车 English Wiktionary
Goods	OBJ of buy	bare object	=	buy a small car Cambridge	买票 · 买布第7版
把	object stays after the verb	unprinted	to-verify · not a new argument if a line fills one	buy a small car Cambridge	—
Seller	from + person	从 / 跟 / 向 unprinted	to-verify · Japanese prints から · Norwegian prints av	I bought my camera from a friend of mine Cambridge	—
Beneficiary · 给 before	for + person	给+person before 买	shift · English for and the double object ↔ preverbal 给	He bought some flowers for his mother Cambridge	给孩子买过零食 usage article
Beneficiary · 买给	for + person	买+给	shift · the printed lines are attributive · not the bare first object	He bought some flowers for his mother Cambridge	买给妈妈的 usage article
Beneficiary · bare	first object of [+ two objects]	unprinted	to-verify · Dutch prints it and labels it regionaal	He bought his mother some flowers Cambridge	—
Price	unprinted as a numeral for in the lines opened	amount directly, where a line fills one	花+amount and 用…买 unprinted · to-verify	—	数十千钱买一颗國語辭典 · 柳浑
Place	shop phrase unprinted in the lines opened	在…里	printed as 正在商店里 · 在商店买 without 里 to-verify	—	正在商店里买着 usage article

The strip below is a set of small multiples. Each card holds one frame, with English on top and Mandarin under it. The goods card stays inside the bare object. The 给 card stays before the verb. The 买给 card stays inside 买+给. The place card stays inside 在…里.

EN · ZH · printed object

买票

buy a small car.

买票

ZH · 第7版 · EN · Cambridge · bare object · no seller · no 给

RolesHide roles Goods

Goods a ticket · 票

Move the goods are the bare object · Wiktionary fills the buyer in 我买了辆新车 · 把 is unprinted

EN · ZH · preverbal 给

给孩子买

He bought some flowers for his mother.

从来没给孩子买过零食

ZH · usage article · EN · Cambridge · for · 给 stands before 买

RolesHide roles BeneficiaryGoods

Beneficiary 给孩子 Goods snacks · 零食

Move English for and the first object of [+ two objects] meet preverbal 给 on this line · Norwegian writes til · Dutch writes voor · Japanese writes bare に

EN · ZH · 买给

买给妈妈的

He bought some flowers for his mother.

这是买给妈妈的

ZH · usage article · pattern 买+给… · attributive · EN gloss of the Cambridge for line

RolesHide roles Beneficiary

Beneficiary 给妈妈

Move 买给 is 买+给 · the printed line has 的 · 第7版给 sense 3 names 送 and does not name 买 · a bare indirect object is unprinted

EN · ZH · printed 在…里

在商店里

—

正在商店里买着结婚用的东西

ZH · usage article · place · 用 is inside the noun · a shop phrase is unprinted in the Cambridge lines opened

RolesHide roles PlaceGoods

Place 在商店里 Goods 结婚用的东西

Move the place is 在…里 · 在商店买 without 里 is to-verify · Japanese place is で · Norwegian place is på nettet

Examples

Argument difference. English from is one seller marker, English for in the Cambridge lines is the person, and English also prints that person as a bare first object. Mandarin prints the person in 给 before 买, and in 买给 after it. Those two shapes are both printed, and they are not the bare double object. 从, 跟, and 向 of a seller are unprinted. 花 plus an amount is unprinted. The amount that 國語辭典 prints stands directly before the verb. Dutch prints the person and the sum with one preposition, voor. Norwegian prints the person as til and the price-name as for. Japanese prints the beneficiary as に and the seller as から.

Dictionary frames and lines · checked · quoted as printed

拿钱换东西（跟“卖”相对）：～票｜～布｜卖出粮食，～进化肥。第7版 · 买 · sense 1 · bare object · sense 2 is the surname

拿钱换东西（跟‘卖’相对）。可带‘了、着、过’。可重叠。带名词宾语。 · 昨天他～了一套西装｜从来没给孩子～过零食｜我见他的时候，他正在商店里～着结婚用的东西呢｜帮隔壁的大娘～～粮食 usage article · 给 before the verb · place 在…里 · 帮 is not 给

买+给…。这是～给妈妈的｜那是～给妹妹的礼物 usage article · postverbal 买给 · attributive

我买了辆新车。 English Wiktionary · 買 · sense 1 · buyer subject · goods object · antonym 卖

以金钱购进物产。如：「买田」、「买书」、「买空卖空」。 · 数十千钱买一颗。 · 前月浮梁买茶去。國語辭典 · 柳浑 · 白居易 · amount directly · place name with no 在

～米｜很～了几本书｜～了一只鸡｜你～的鱼多少钱一斤｜还可到别的店～～汉语用法词典 · noun object · 多少钱 asks about the fish · 到 of the shop

用钱购进实物、技术等。［例］招兵～马︱～衣服。两岸通用词典 · 大陆本 · sense 1 · 买衣服

买：～年货。 · 〈动〉买：采～｜认～公债｜去书店～书。 · 从各处买进：～棉花｜～粮食｜完成羊毛～计划。第7版 · 购买 · 购 · 收购 · 从各处 is the gloss · no person

He bought his mother some flowers / He bought some flowers for his mother. · I bought my camera from a friend of mine. · buy a small car. Cambridge · buy · [+ two objects] is the entry’s label · the slash is the entry’s

Strings below are constructed, modelled on the printed lines. They are not dictionary lines. 帕特 and 克里斯 continue the named-participant series on 偷 and 寄. A name does not spell a case.

✓ 帕特买一本书。

RolesHide roles BuyerGoods

Buyer 帕特 Goods 一本书

constructed · modelled on 买书 and 我买了辆新车 · bare object · no 给 · no seller

✓ 帕特给克里斯买零食。

RolesHide roles BuyerBeneficiaryGoods

Buyer 帕特 Beneficiary 给克里斯 Goods 零食

constructed · modelled on 给孩子买过零食 · 给 before the verb · not 买给 · not a bare indirect object

✓ 这是买给克里斯的。

RolesHide roles Beneficiary

Beneficiary 给克里斯

constructed · modelled on 这是买给妈妈的 · 买+给 · attributive · the printed goods of a finite clause are not in this line

✓ 帕特正在商店里买东西。

RolesHide roles BuyerPlaceGoods

Buyer 帕特 Place 在商店里 Goods 东西

constructed · modelled on 正在商店里买着结婚用的东西 · 在…里 · no seller

✓ 买票 · 买布 · 我买了辆新车第7版 · English Wiktionary · goods · bare object
✓ 给孩子买过零食 usage article · beneficiary · 给 before the verb
✓ 买给妈妈的 · 买给妹妹的礼物 usage article · 买+给 · attributive
✓ 正在商店里买着 usage article · place · 在…里
✓ 数十千钱买一颗國語辭典 · amount directly · 花+amount unprinted · to-verify
从他买 · 跟他买 · 向他买 to-verify · seller · unprinted
买他一本书 to-verify · bare indirect object · unprinted · Dutch’s bare nominal is labeled regionaal
把书买了 to-verify · 把 · unprinted on 买 · printed on 卖 as 把余粮卖给国家

What the passive shows

No article read here prints a 被 clause of 买. 汉语用法词典 prints 这种衣服买的人不多 and 你买的鱼多少钱一斤. 买的人 is the buyer inside a modifier. 你买的鱼 is the fish inside a modifier. Neither line is a passive, and neither makes the goods the subject of 被. A passive that makes the goods the subject, and a passive that names the buyer after 被, are unprinted. Nothing further is constructed. The usage article prints 了, 着, 过, and the complements 买来, 买到, 买光, 买完. Those are the morphology the article lists. They are not a passive.

The other senses stay off the purchase frame. The usage article’s 买通 is 用钱贿赂过来. English Wiktionary’s later senses are to bribe, to persuade, and to bet money on. 两岸通用词典 sense 2 is 用钱或其他手段取得, examples 收买人心, 买好, and 买面子. Seventh-edition 买 sense 2 is the surname. Seventh-edition 买好 is a different headword. On 卖 the seventh edition prints 拿东西换钱, the converse of 拿钱换东西, and fills 把余粮卖给国家. The subject of that converse is the seller. The person after 给 is the recipient. That recipient is not the seller of 买.

Derivations · working sketches, revisable

Each sketch is a working drawing, not a locked analysis. The drawing gives the Buyer to Voice, the Goods to the root, a Beneficiary to preverbal 给 where the usage article prints one, and 买+给 where that article prints the pattern. The place goes to 在…里 where the line prints one. The bare indirect object is not drawn, because it is unprinted. 从, 跟, and 向 are not drawn, because no 买 line fills them. 把 is not drawn. Open one sketch at a time. Which theta role is the object is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.

Voice · the Buyer is the external argument

Printed · the finite verb · one external argument

[TP 我
  [VoiceP 我 Voice                 ← Buyer = Spec,Voice
    … 买了 … ]]

✓ 我买了辆新车 English Wiktionary

The external argument is the Buyer. English keeps that one subject on buy. No passive of 买 is printed, so no goods-subject is drawn. On 卖 the external argument is the Seller, not this Buyer. The seller of 买 is unprinted.

Beneficiary 给 · 买给 · place 在…里

One bare object · one added phrase where the line prints one · working, revisable

[VoiceP 买 Voice
  [给P 给孩子 给              ← usage article · before the verb
    [VP √买-
       [Theme 零食 ]]]]
                                  ← bare 他 unprinted
                                  ← 从 / 跟 / 向 unprinted

[VoiceP 买 Voice
  [VP √买-
     [给 给妈妈 ]]]            ← usage article · 买+给
                                  ← attributive 的
                                  ← theme after the person unprinted

[VoiceP 买 Voice
  [VP √买-
     [Theme 东西 ]
     [在 在商店里 ]]]          ← usage article
                                  ← 在商店买 without 里 unprinted

Preverbal 给 and postverbal 买给 are not one marker. The usage article prints them as two shapes. Seventh-edition 给 sense 3 files 送给 and does not file 买给. 在…里 is the place. Dutch writes the unlabeled person and the sum as voor. Norwegian writes the person as til. Japanese writes the beneficiary as に and the seller as から.

✓ 给孩子买过零食 usage article · 给 before the verb

✓ 买给妈妈的 usage article · 买+给

✓ 正在商店里买着 usage article · place

买他一本书 to-verify · bare indirect object · unprinted · not drawn

English counterpart · from, for, and the double object · Norwegian til · Japanese に

Working · no English buy page is opened · Norwegian is kjøpe · Dutch is kopen · Japanese is 買う · the converse is 卖

[VoiceP I Voice
  [VP √BUY
     [Theme my camera ]
     [PP from [ a friend of mine ]]]]     ← Cambridge
                                          · 买: 从 / 跟 / 向 unprinted
                                          · 收购 gloss 从各处, no person
                                          · Japanese から
                                          · Norwegian av

[VoiceP he Voice
  [ApplP his mother Appl                 ← Beneficiary · bare object
    [VP √BUY
       [Theme some flowers ]]]]          ← Cambridge [+ two objects]
                                          · 买: unprinted
                                          · Dutch voor, or regionaal bare
                                          · Japanese に

[VoiceP he Voice
  [VP √BUY
     [Theme some flowers ]
     [PP for [ his mother ]]]]           ← the same Cambridge line
                                          · 买: 给 before the verb
                                          · 买给 is 买+给
                                          · Norwegian til
                                          · for a price is unprinted here

Cambridge’s from is the seller. The 买 articles read here do not print 从, 跟, or 向 plus a person. Cambridge’s for of a person, and the first object of [+ two objects], are the beneficiary. Mandarin spells the printed beneficiary as 给 before the verb, and as 买给 after it. The bare indirect object is unprinted. The divergence from English buy X from Y for Z (for W) is those gaps and that split: no printed seller coverb, no bare buy him a book, and two 给 shapes where English has for and a bare first object. 花+amount and 用…买 are not the printed price.

Layer-by-layer parallel: English buy, Mandarin 买, Norwegian kjøpe, and Japanese 買う
Layer	buy (EN) · no page	买	kjøpe	買う
Spec,Voice	Buyer	Buyer · on 卖 this layer is the Seller	Buyer · on selge this layer is the Seller	Buyer · on 売る this layer is the Seller
Beneficiary	bare first object, or for + person	preverbal 给 · 买给 · bare indirect object unprinted · to-verify	til+person · bare indirect object unprinted · to-verify	bare に · IPAL 娘に
Seller	from + person	从 / 跟 / 向 unprinted · to-verify	av+person · fra unprinted	から · Saito · unprinted in several articles
Goods	object	bare object · no case ending · 把 unprinted	bare direct object · no case ending	を
Price	unprinted as a numeral for in the lines opened	amount directly where a line fills one · 花 and 用 unprinted · to-verify	for+price-name · numeral on the goods unprinted	で or に
Place	unprinted in the lines opened	在…里 · 正在商店里	på nettet · i butikken unprinted	で · あの店で買う

On 买 the subject is the buyer. A beneficiary phrase, where the usage article prints one, is 给 before the verb or 买给 after it. A seller phrase is unprinted. The analogy with English from and for is the missing seller and the split person-marker. It is not a claim that 给 before the verb and 买给 are one role, and it is not a claim that the unprinted bare indirect object is the English double object.

Notes

Working paper · October 2026 · Mandarin micro-entry · Beyond Index 2

Buying in Mandarin is not one from and not one bare indirect object copied from English buy him a book. Buyer (Voice, subject), Goods (complement of the root, bare object). Beneficiary in preverbal 给, and in 买给. A bare indirect object is unprinted. 从, 跟, and 向 of a seller are unprinted. 把 is unprinted. Price is an amount standing with the verb where a line fills one. 花 and 用 are unprinted as price markers. Place is 在…里.

ZH micro-entry live Beyond Index 2 给 before · 买给 · bare object NO kjøpe live NL kopen live JA 買う live HU vesz live PL kupić live RU купить live PT comprar live IT comprare live ES comprar live FR acheter live DE kaufen live

Sense × language: buy · Mandarin (买). 购买, 购, and 收购 stay on this page where a dictionary prints them. The purchase sense is the page. 买通 and 买好 stay off the frame. No English buy hub. Geometry neighbors: buy · kjøpe, buy · kopen, buy · 買う, sell · 卖. No Index 2 Mandarin cell lists this verb. Index 2 lists Mandarin only under Risk / Betting (赌).

Places
EN ⇄ ZH strip
Examples
Voice
Derivations
Hierarchy
Geometry
Open items
Corpus and sources

Working paper. Mandarin micro-entry, the twelfth language of buy. Dictionary frames were read in the seventh edition of 现代汉语词典, in the usage article of 买, in 汉语用法词典, in 國語辭典, in 两岸通用词典, in English Wiktionary, in CC-CEDICT, and in 汉典’s basic explanation, with Cambridge for English buy.

Constructed examples. Dictionary lines are marked as printed. Every other full clause is marked constructed. The seller coverbs, the bare indirect object, 把, 花+amount, and 用…买 are marked to-verify. They are not starred, because the articles do not reject them. They are not checked, because the articles do not print them.

Arity: several places, not one flat verb. Index 2 does not list 买. Surface count can name a buyer, the goods, a beneficiary, and a place. The lexicon does not list those as co-arguments of one flat V. Voice adds the Buyer. The root takes the Goods. Preverbal 给 adds a Beneficiary where the usage article fills one. 买给 is the postverbal pattern that article prints. 在…里 adds a place where a line fills one. No telicity claim is made from 了, 着, 过, 买到, or 买来.

What this page does not do. It does not open an English page of buy. It does not edit the other buy pages. It does not treat preverbal 给 and 买给 as one marker. It does not treat the bare indirect object as the English double object. It does not rank an unprinted 从, 跟, or 向 as the seller. The bribe sense stops at the citation.

Hierarchy

Not a flat grid of four sisters, and not one preposition copied from the English gloss. Voice adds the Buyer. The root takes the Goods. Preverbal 给 adds the Beneficiary where the line is 给孩子买过零食. 买给 is the pattern 买+给, filled as an attributive. 在…里 adds the place where the line is 正在商店里. An amount adds a price only where a line fills one, as in 数十千钱买一颗. The seller coverbs are unprinted. The drawing is working and revisable.

What Mandarin changes, against English from, is that 从, 跟, and 向 plus a person are unprinted. What Mandarin changes, against English buy him a book, is that the bare indirect object is unprinted, and the printed person is 给 before the verb or 买给 after it. What Mandarin changes, against for Z as a sum, is that 花+amount and 用…买 are unprinted, and the amount 國語辭典 prints stands directly before the verb.

Geometry · buy beside kjøpe, kopen, and 買う

English buy. Beneficiary as the first object of [+ two objects], the shape of buy him a book, or in for. Seller in from. A numeral for is unprinted in the lines opened. No English page is opened.
买. Subject buyer. Bare object goods. 把 unprinted. Seller coverbs unprinted. Beneficiary as preverbal 给 and as 买给. Bare indirect object unprinted. Price as an amount directly where a line fills one. Place 正在商店里. 购买年货 and 去书店购书 are printed. 收购 is 从各处买进, with the goods as the object.
kjøpe. Seller as av+person in NAOB. Place på nettet. Beneficiary as til+person. Bare indirect object unprinted. Price for+price-name. Mandarin 给 is the person Norwegian writes with til. Mandarin does not print Norwegian av.
kopen. Seller as van or bij. Beneficiary as voor+NP. Bare nominal labeled regionaal. Price voor+amount, the same preposition as the person. Mandarin prints two 给 shapes and does not print that one preposition for the person and the sum. The bare nominal Dutch labels is unprinted for 买.
買う. Goods を. Seller から where Saito fills one. Beneficiary bare に. Price で or に. Place で. Mandarin has no case particle on the goods. The printed person is 给, not a bare noun and not に. 购买 matches 購入する in printing the goods and no seller.
卖. The seventh edition’s gloss is the converse, 拿东西换钱. The filled line 把余粮卖给国家 fronts the goods with 把 and puts the recipient in 给 after the verb. On 买 the subject is the buyer, 把 is unprinted, and 给 before the verb is printed beside 买给.

Open items

从, 跟, or 向 plus a person. Unprinted on the 买 articles read. To-verify. 收购’s 从各处 has no person.
A bare indirect object, 买他一本书. Unprinted. To-verify. Not labeled standard, and not labeled regionaal. The printed person is 给孩子 or 买给妈妈.
A theme after 买给+person, or between 买 and 给. Unprinted. The printed 买给 lines are attributive. To-verify.
把 plus the goods. Unprinted on 买. To-verify. Printed on 卖 as 把余粮卖给国家.
花+amount, and 用…买. Unprinted as price markers of 买. To-verify. 钱花光了 is a separate clause. 数十千钱买一颗 is the amount directly.
在商店买 without 里. Unprinted. To-verify. The printed place is 正在商店里.
Seller, beneficiary, goods, and a sum in one clause. Unprinted as one schema. Not constructed as a stack.
A passive that names the buyer, or one that makes the goods the subject. Unprinted. 买的人 is a modifier. Not constructed.
帮 beside 给. 帮隔壁的大娘买买粮食 is printed. The article does not file 帮 as 给. Left as the printed coverb.

Corpus filenames and sources

Dictionary frames: the seventh edition of 现代汉语词典, as the character pages and the headword pages print it; the usage article of 买; 汉语用法词典; 國語辭典; 两岸通用词典; English Wiktionary; CC-CEDICT; 汉典’s basic explanation; Cambridge buy. Literary lines are quoted only as those entries print them. 白居易 and 柳浑 are the 國語辭典 citations. Index 2 does not list this lemma.

第7版 · 买 hanzi8 · 买 · 拿钱换东西 · 买票 · 买布 · 买进化肥 · surname
第7版 · 购买 · 购 · 收购购买 · 购买年货 · 购 · 去书店购书 · 收购 · 从各处买进 · 棉花 · 粮食
第7版 · 给 · 跟 · 卖给 · sense 3 does not name 买 · sense 4 为 · 跟 · 跟大家说说 · 卖 · 把余粮卖给国家
usage article · 买 cd.mdict.net · j111 · 带名词宾语 · 给孩子买过零食 · 买+给 · 正在商店里 · 买来 · 买到 · 买通 off the frame
汉语用法词典 · 买 cu.newdu.com · 1710 · 买米 · 买的鱼多少钱一斤 · 到别的店买买 · near synonym 购
國語辭典 · 两岸通用词典 hanzi8 · 买 · 买田 · 买书 · 数十千钱买一颗 · 买衣服
English Wiktionary · 買 en.wiktionary.org · 買 · 我买了辆新车 · antonym 卖
CC-CEDICT MDBG · 买 · to buy / to purchase · 购买 · 购 · no clause
汉典 zdic.net · 买 · basic explanation · 拿钱换东西，与“卖”相对 · compounds · no clause of 从 or 给
Cambridge · buy dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/buy · [+ two objects] · for his mother · from a friend of mine
Norwegian buy · kjøpe · av · til · for of a price-name · bare indirect object unprinted
Dutch buy · kopen · van or bij · voor of a person and of a sum · bare nominal labeled regionaal
Japanese buy · 買う · から · bare に · で or に of the price · place で
Mandarin sell sell · 卖 · seller is the subject · 把余粮卖给国家

Records the subject Buyer and the bare object Goods of 买. Records preverbal 给 and postverbal 买给 as two printed shapes, and the bare indirect object as unprinted. Records 从, 跟, 向, and 把 as to-verify. Records 正在商店里 as the place. Records an amount directly before the verb where 國語辭典 prints one, and 花 and 用 as to-verify. Records 购买, 购, and 收购 where the articles print them. Records the divergence from English from, from English for, and from English buy him a book. Does not open an English page.