HU · printed frame
vkivel · vmibe
bet with someone for something
Fogad vkivel vmibe.
Értelmező szótár
Opponent vkivel
Stake vmibe
Shift both roles oblique
Headword
bet · fogad
Language Hungarian
Arguments
Four places · betting sense · working claim, revisable
Voice[Bettor] + Opponent -val/-vel + Proposition(hogy) + √FOGAD-( Stake -ba/-be ) + (side -ra/-re or accusative of the horse)
Index 2 lists fogad in the betting sense, and notes that the verb also means ‘receive’ (Vols. 2, 3, 6). A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára prints the betting sense as intransitive: agree with one or more people that whoever is right about a disputed fact or a coming event receives from the other, by the agreement, something (a sum, a value, a service). The frame it prints is Fogad vkivel vmibe. The Opponent is -val/-vel (vkivel, velem, vele). The Stake is inessive -ba/-be (vmibe, egy pohár sörbe, Öt forintba), not a second bare accusative. The Proposition is hogy. A side can be -ra/-re (lóra, színre) or an accusative of the horse (a favoritot). That accusative is the side, not the stake. English bet Paul 5 BTC is not two bare objects.
The long first part of the same entry is ‘receive’ (magához vesz). Index 2’s “also receive” is that sense. It is not merged with the wager.
Four places · who wears which case
Printed frame · Opponent + Stake
✓ Fogad vkivel vmibe. Értelmező szótár · betting sense
✓ Öt forintba fogadtam vele. same entry · Stake inessive before the verb · Opponent vele
✓ Fogadjunk egy pohár sörbe. same entry · Stake after the verb
| Place | Marking | Status | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bettor | subject · agreement on the verb | structural | subject |
| Opponent | -val/-vel (vkivel, velem, vele) | oblique · printed | bare first object |
| Stake | inessive -ba/-be | oblique · not a second accusative | direct object |
| Proposition | hogy-clause | complement · printed | that-clause |
| Side | -ra/-re, or accusative of the horse | the contestant backed · not the stake | on + NP |
- hogy. Fogadjunk, hogy nem bírod felemelni. Arany: Fogadsz velem Hogy jobb a szöcske a rigónál? Opponent and clause can co-occur. The stake is not in that verse line.
- Side versus stake. Melyik lóra, színre fogadtál? The horse or the colour is what is backed. Separately, transitive Az ötödik futamban a favoritot fogadta makes the favourite the accusative. The entry’s betting sense calls the stake vmibe, not that accusative. The favourite is not 5 BTC.
- No two bare objects. Nothing in the entry prints a person in the accusative beside an accusative stake.
EN ⇄ HU valency strip
| Slot | EN | HU | Align | Printed Hungarian |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opponent | DOC | -val/-vel | shift | Fogad vkivel vmibe. ÉKsz |
| Stake | object | -ba/-be | shift · structural → oblique | Fogadjunk egy pohár sörbe. ÉKsz |
| Proposition | that | hogy | = complement | Fogadjunk, hogy nem bírod felemelni. ÉKsz |
| Side | on NP | -ra/-re or ACC of the horse | oblique, or one accusative that is not the stake | Melyik lóra, színre fogadtál? · a favoritot fogadta ÉKsz |
| English DOC | person + stake, both bare | not printed | rejected as a copy | fogad Paul 5 BTC-t constructed |
HU · printed order
Stake before or after the verb
Öt forintba fogadtam vele.
Fogadjunk egy pohár sörbe.
ÉKsz · both orders printed · Focus not tested
Open which order is Focus is not in the dictionary
Examples
- ✓ Fogad vkivel vmibe. ÉKsz · frame
- ✓ Fogadjunk, hogy nem bírod felemelni. ÉKsz · hogy · no stake
- ✓ Ki hajlandó fogadni? ÉKsz · Bettor only
- ✓ Fogadjunk egy pohár sörbe. ÉKsz · inessive stake
- ✓ Öt forintba fogadtam vele. ÉKsz · stake + vele
- ✓ Fogadsz velem Hogy jobb a szöcske a rigónál? ÉKsz · Arany · velem + hogy
- ✓ Melyik lóra, színre fogadtál? ÉKsz · side
- ✓ Az ötödik futamban a favoritot fogadta. ÉKsz · accusative is the favourite, not a sum
- ✓ Öt forintba fogadtam vele, hogy esni fog. constructed · stake + Opponent + hogy stacked · each piece is printed, the stack is not
- * Fogadtam Pault öt forintot. constructed · two bare accusatives
Events · settlement not entailed
The definition says the person who is right receives something according to the agreement. That receiving is the content of the agreement. It is not asserted as already true when the bet is made. The ‘receive’ senses earlier in the entry are a different use of fogad.
Structural and oblique
In the betting frame the dictionary prints, neither the Opponent nor the Stake is a bare accusative. Both are cased phrases: comitative and inessive. The one accusative the entry does print in a betting example is the favourite in a race. That is the side. On fizet the amount is an accusative MeasureP and the Recipient is dative-like -nak/-nek. fogad in the betting sense does not use that pair. The ‘receive’ sense of fogad is closer to taking something in. It is not this wager, and it is not fizet.
Focus: the dictionary prints the stake before the verb (Öt forintba fogadtam vele) and after it (Fogadjunk egy pohár sörbe). It does not test which phrase is the unique preverbal Focus host. Focus on this verb stays open. One preverbal host is the usual Hungarian clause shape on this site. It is not given a new diagnostic here.
Passive · open
The entry does not print a passive of the stake. No passive is constructed as if it were attested. Because the stake is inessive rather than accusative, there is no obvious promotee in the printed frame. That observation is not a passive paradigm.
Derivations · working sketches, revisable
Fogad vkivel vmibe
[VoiceP Bettor
[PP vele ] ← Opponent · -val/-vel
[VP √fogad
[PP öt forintba ] ← Stake · -ba/-be · not accusative
[CP hogy … ] ]] ← Proposition · printed in other lines
✓ Öt forintba fogadtam vele. ÉKsz · no hogy in this line
✓ Fogadsz velem Hogy jobb a szöcske a rigónál? ÉKsz · Arany · no inessive stake
The three-piece stack is constructed above and tagged open.
English counterpart · Voice, low Appl, MeasureP
Parallel to English bet and payGIVE · fizet
[VoiceP Kim Voice
[ApplP_LOW Paul Appl_CP
[VP √BET [MeasureP 5 BTC] [CP that it rains] ]]]
English puts Paul and 5 BTC in two structural objects. Hungarian fogad puts the person in -val/-vel and the stake in -ba/-be.
| Layer | fizet | bet (EN) | fogad betting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spec,Voice | Payer | Bettor | Bettor |
| person | -nak/-nek · HAS Amount | low ApplCP · no HAVE | -val/-vel · no HAVE |
| measure | accusative | MeasureP object | inessive -ba/-be |
| relation | -ért | CONTENT | hogy |
| objects | one accusative | two in the DOC | no two bare accusatives · horse-ACC is the side |
Japanese -sase- is a derivational outer wrap on 賭ける. It is not a place of fogad.
Notes
Working paper · October 2026 · Hungarian micro-entry · Risk / Betting
Betting fogad: Opponent -val/-vel, Stake -ba/-be, Proposition hogy, side -ra/-re or accusative of the horse. Printed frame Fogad vkivel vmibe. The ‘receive’ senses stay separate. Focus and passive open. English bet Paul 5 BTC is not two bare objects.
HU micro-entry live
Index 2 · also ‘receive’
Focus open
Passive unprinted
Working paper. Quotations are short phrases from the Értelmező szótár entry that was opened. The three-piece stack is constructed.
Open items
- Stack. Inessive stake + -val/-vel + hogy in one clause is constructed, not printed as one example.
- Focus. Both orders of the stake are printed. The dictionary does not say which is Focus.
- Passive. Unprinted. The stake is not accusative in the frame.
- Horse accusative. Printed. It is the side. It is not ranked as a second stake cloth.
- Navajo. Index 2: no dedicated four-place stem; periphrastic. No stem is supplied.
- A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (MTA, 1959–1962) · fogad ertelmezo.oszk.hu · fogad · betting sense Fogad vkivel vmibe · egy pohár sörbe · Öt forintba fogadtam vele · Arany · lóra, színre · a favoritot fogadta · earlier senses are ‘receive’
- Index 2 · Risk / Betting Hungarian fogad (betting sense; also ‘receive’) — Vols. 2, 3, 6
Index 2 citations for this class
| Code | Language | Index 2 citation | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| EN | English | bet EN micro-entry, wager | Vols. 1, 2, 3 |
| ES | Spanish | apostar ES micro-entry | Vols. 2, 5 |
| FR | French | parier FR micro-entry | Vols. 2, 5 |
| IT | Italian | scommettere IT micro-entry | Vols. 2, 5 |
| HU | Hungarian | fogad (betting sense; also ‘receive’) HU micro-entry | Vols. 2, 3, 6 |
| BG | Bulgarian | залагам / обзалагам се BG micro-entry | Vols. 2, 6 |
| PL | Polish | stawiać / postawić, obstawiać, założyć się PL micro-entry | Vols. 2, 6 |
| DE | German | wetten DE micro-entry | Vols. 2, 7 |
| NL | Dutch | wedden NL micro-entry | Vol. 7 |
| NO | Norwegian | satse NO micro-entry | Vol. 7 |
| JA | Japanese | 賭ける JA micro-entry | Vols. 2, 4 |
| ZH | Mandarin | 赌 ZH micro-entry | Vols. 2, 4 |
| NV | Navajo | no dedicated four-place stem; periphrastic no stem given | Vol. 4. Index 2 gives no stem. None is added. |