steal · Russian (украсть) — Event-Structure Dictionary

Arguments

Thief, Victim, Theme · case by lemma · Russian cloth · working claim, revisable

Voice[Thief] + low Appl(Victim) + complement of the root (Theme)

украсть (св.) / красть (нсв.) · Theme_ACC кого-что · person-source у+GEN · Ushakov Вор у вора дубинку украл · a place is из+GEN where that phrase is printed

обокрасть (св.) / обкрадывать (нсв.) · Victim or place_ACC кого-что · Kuznetsov меня обокрали, обокрали квартиру · the Theme is not a direct object in those examples

ограбить (св.) / грабить (нсв.) · Victim or place_ACC · Kuznetsov О. банк, Меня … ограбили · Ushakov Ограбить прохожего

A theft, on this reading, has a Thief, a Victim, and a Theme. They are not three equal sisters of one Russian verb. Voice adds the Thief. Low Appl introduces the Victim, as a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain: the person who had the thing and no longer has it. That is the same kind of added argument as the dative Victim on stehlen, the indirect Victim on robar, and the dative Victim on voler. It is a working drawing. It is not a settled analysis. The root’s complement is the Theme, the thing taken. On украсть the Theme is the accusative, and the printed person-source is у plus genitive. On обокрасть the accusative is the Victim or the place, and the examples do not put a Theme in that slot.

What is different from the English gloss. English Wiktionary prints the source of steal in from (stolen from the gallery, stolen from us, They stole all my money (from me)) and does not print a bare indirect object as that source. Russian prints the person stolen from as у plus genitive. Ushakov’s proverb is Вор у вора дубинку украл: у вора is the person, дубинку is the accusative Theme. A place, where the entries fill one, is из plus genitive: Kuznetsov К. яблоки из сада, English Wiktionary’s Dostoevsky line украсть из кухни топор. English from covers the person and the place. The two Russian prepositions split that one English marker.

What is different from German. stehlen and rauben put the Theme in the accusative and the Victim in the dative. Russian украсть keeps the accusative Theme and does not print a dative Victim. The person is у plus genitive. berauben puts the Victim in the accusative and the Theme in the genitive (geh. jmdn. einer Sache berauben). обокрасть puts the Victim or the place in the accusative. Kuznetsov’s examples меня обокрали and Воры обокрали квартиру do not add a genitive Theme. The prefix the dictionaries print on the perfective is обо-. The working drawing reads that prefix as re-mapping the Victim to the object. The drawing is revisable. The genitive Theme of berauben has no printed match on обокрасть.

What is different from French and Spanish. voler puts the Victim in the dative, à or lui, beside a direct Theme. robar puts the Victim in the indirect object, le or a plus a noun phrase, and clitic doubling is the ordinary description of that indirect object. Russian prints no dative Victim and no doubled clitic on these articles. у вора is a full genitive phrase after у. French Voler qqn de qqc. and Spanish personal a are not Russian frames. When French prints the person as a direct object with no Theme, and when Spanish prints lo or la for that person, the Russian match among the lines read here is обокрасть and ограбить, whose accusative is the person or the place.

Places · who wears which marking

The three-place lines do not stack every marking in one clause. Ushakov prints the person and the Theme together: Вор у вора дубинку украл. Kuznetsov’s У. шубу, У. машину, and У. деньги print the Theme and no person. Kuznetsov’s К. яблоки из сада prints the Theme and a place. Ozhegov and Shvedova’s government of красть is кого-что, and the perfective example on that article is Украденное счастье. The happiness is not a purse. On обокрасть the accusative is the person or the place, and the Theme is not a second object in the examples.

Printed украсть frame · у + genitive · accusative Theme

✓ Вор у вора дубинку украл. Ushakov · украсть · погов.

a thief stole a club from a thief · у вора is the person · дубинку is the Theme

Printed place · из + genitive · accusative Theme

✓ К. яблоки из сада. Kuznetsov · красть sense 1 · perfective partner украсть

steal apples from the garden · яблоки is the Theme · из сада is the place

Printed обокрасть · the accusative is the Victim or the place

✓ Месяц назад меня обокрали. Воры обокрали квартиру. Магазин обокрали. Kuznetsov · обокрасть · кого-что

they robbed me · the thieves robbed the apartment · they robbed the shop · no Theme is a direct object in these lines

Places of Russian steal: introducer, marking, status, English, German, French, and Spanish marking
Place	Introduced by (working)	Russian marking	Status in the sources	English, German, French, and Spanish marking
Thief	Spec,Voice	nominative subject of украсть (вор in the proverb; воры in Kuznetsov Воры обокрали квартиру)	structural subject · Ozhegov prints краду, крадёшь on the imperfective · Kuznetsov prints -краду, -крадёшь; украл, -ла, -ло on украсть · Ushakov prints украду, украдёшь, imperative укради, past украл	subject of steal and of rob · subject of stehlen · subject of voler · subject of robar
Victim · у + genitive, Theme present	low Appl · possessor-source · revisable	у + genitive	Ushakov у вора beside дубинку · Ushakov стянуть sense 6, marked разг., Krylov у попа beside из стога · Ozhegov’s обокрасть definition names у кого-н. and the example does not fill that phrase · a dative Victim is unprinted on these articles	English from + the person · German dative on stehlen (ihm) · French dative lui or à · Spanish indirect le or a + DP, with doubling in the ordinary description of that frame
Theme · accusative	complement of the root	accusative · government кого-что (дубинку, шубу, деньги, яблоки, топор)	Ozhegov and Shvedova кого-что · Kuznetsov У. шубу. У. машину. У. деньги. · Ushakov Украсть вещи. Украсть белье. Украсть чемодан. Украсть деньги. · a genitive noun in this slot under не is unprinted	object of steal · accusative of stehlen · direct object of voler beside lui · direct object of robar beside le
Place · из	not a fourth argument in this drawing	из + genitive	Kuznetsov из сада · English Wiktionary из кухни · Kuznetsov стащить sense 5 из стола · Kuznetsov стянуть sense 8 из кармана, из библиотеки · Ushakov Krylov из стога	English from covers this place and the person · the Russian person-source in the proverb is у, and the place is из
Victim or place · accusative of обокрасть	low Appl · possessor-source · revisable · the case is the accusative, and the Theme is not the direct object	accusative кого-что	Kuznetsov меня обокрали, квартиру, Магазин обокрали · Ozhegov О. ларёк · Ushakov Соседей обокрали, Обокрасть кассу, Обокрасть квартиру · the definition’s у кого-л. is not a filled prepositional phrase beside that accusative	object of English rob · accusative Victim of berauben, whose Theme is genitive · French le / la when no Theme is in the clause · Spanish lo / la in DPD §1b · Russian Wiktionary glosses обокрасть as English rob and French dévaliser
Victim or place · accusative of ограбить	the same accusative slot as обокрасть · working, revisable	accusative кого-что	Kuznetsov О. банк, О. квартиру, учреждение, Меня вчера избили, ограбили, Ограбили женщину · the bag in отняв сумку is inside the participle, not the object of ограбили · Ushakov Ограбить прохожего · the subsense Ограбить дом is marked разг. and glossed Обокрасть · Ozhegov’s грабить is несов., кого-что, perfective ограбить	English He robbed three banks · Spanish Robaron un banco · French Dévaliser une bijouterie · une banque is unprinted on the French page

Marking map. у on украсть is the genitive of the person. из is the genitive of the place. The accusative is the Theme on украсть, and it is the Victim or the place on обокрасть and on ограбить.

Accusative of the Theme, on красть / украсть. Ozhegov and Shvedova head красть as несов., кого-что, definition Присваивать чужое, воровать, and name the perfective украсть. The example under that perfective is Украденное счастье. Kuznetsov’s perfective government is the same кого-что, definition Присвоить чужое; похитить, examples У. шубу, У. машину, У. деньги, and the aspect parenthesis is (нсв. красть). Ushakov’s украсть is the perfective of красть sense 1 and prints Украсть вещи, Украсть белье, Украсть чемодан, Украсть деньги. Those accusatives are the thing taken.
у plus genitive, the person. Ushakov prints the proverb Вор у вора дубинку украл. вора is genitive after у. дубинку is accusative. The same entry’s Krylov line тот не украдет, не обманет has no person and no Theme. Ozhegov and Shvedova’s красть article does not fill у. Kuznetsov’s У нас в доме и к. нечего has у нас as the house one is at, and нечего is the negative pronoun. That у нас is not the proverb’s person-source. On стянуть, Ushakov’s Krylov line, marked разг., is Из стога у попа я клок сенца стянул: у попа is genitive after у, and из стога is the place.
из plus genitive, the place. Kuznetsov красть prints К. яблоки из сада. English Wiktionary’s citation is Dostoevsky, украсть из кухни топор. Kuznetsov стащить sense 5, marked Разг. and defined Украсть, утащить, prints С. деньги из стола and С. с блюда все пирожки. Kuznetsov стянуть sense 8, marked Разг. and defined Утащить, украсть, prints С. из кармана отца деньги and С. из библиотеки книгу. отца is the genitive inside кармана. It is not a second у-phrase.
A dative Victim is unprinted. None of the Ozhegov, Kuznetsov, or Ushakov articles read here puts the person stolen from in the dative. German ihm, French lui, and Spanish le are that person in the dative or the indirect object. The Russian line that prints the person beside a Theme uses у.
Genitive of negation. A genitive noun standing in the Theme’s slot under не is unprinted. Krylov’s не украдет has no object. Kuznetsov’s printed negative is и к. нечего. нечего is the negative pronoun beside the infinitive. Ushakov’s клок сенца has genitive сенца inside the noun phrase клок. The verb’s object in that line is клок.
обокрасть / обкрадывать. The government is кого-что. Ozhegov: Совершить кражу гден., у кого-н., example О. ларёк, imperfective обкрадывать. Kuznetsov: Совершить кражу у кого-л., где-л., examples Воры обокрали квартиру, Месяц назад меня обокрали, Магазин обокрали. Ushakov: Совершить кражу у кого-нибудь или где-нибудь, examples Соседей обокрали, Обокрасть кассу, Обокрасть квартиру. The у words sit in the definitions. The examples put the person or the place in the accusative and do not add a Theme as a direct object. English Wiktionary gives the etymology обо- plus красть and the gloss to rob, imperfective обкрадывать. Russian Wiktionary prints the same prefix обо- and glosses the verb as English rob, French dévaliser, German bestehlen. The German page’s case-flip lemma is berauben, accusative Victim and genitive Theme. That genitive is not in the обокрасть examples. Ushakov sense 2 is figurative plagiarism and is marked разг.. It stays off the wallet frame. Kuznetsov sense 2 of обкрадывать is обкрадывают самих себя, a figurative loss, and the reflexive there is not the Victim of a theft.
похитить / похищать. The government is кого-что. Ozhegov: Тайно присвоить, унести, увести, example П. документы, imperfective похищать. No bookish label is printed there. Kuznetsov: Тайно унести, увести или увезти; выкрасть, examples П. ценные бумаги, П. коня, and the joke Разрешите п. вашего гостя, marked шутл. The noun line is П. невесты. No bookish label is printed there either. Ushakov prints книж. and the example Похитить картину. The picture is the Theme. The labels are not ranked. Kuznetsov’s красть lines К. невесту and К. детей с целью шантажа put the person in the accusative Theme. They are not the proverb’s у-person. They stay off the wallet frame.
стащить, only the printed Разг. theft sense. Kuznetsov sense 5 is marked Разг., defined Украсть, утащить, and prints С. с блюда все пирожки, С. деньги из стола, and Ворона стащила сверкающий осколок зеркала. The imperfective arrow on that article is Стаскивать … (1–3 зн.). Sense 5 is outside that arrow. Ozhegov’s стащить article, as read, prints the dragging senses and no theft sense. Ushakov’s стащить article, as read, prints no theft sense. This page does not supply one.
стянуть, with the label the entry prints. Kuznetsov sense 8 is marked Разг., defined Утащить, украсть, examples С. из кармана отца деньги, С. помидор на рынке, С. кошелёк, С. из библиотеки книгу. The imperfective arrow is Стягивать … (1–7 зн.). Sense 8 is outside that arrow. Ozhegov files a separate headword СТЯНУТЬ 2, sense 2 Утащить, украсть (прост.), example С. кошелёк. прост. is the label printed there. It is not разг. The imperfective стягивать on that headword is tied to sense 1, the dragging sense, and the parenthesis says (к 1 знач.). Ushakov sense 6 is marked разг. and filed as the perfective of тянуть sense 16, with Krylov’s в минуту стянет and Из стога у попа я клок сенца стянул. Ushakov sense 7 is marked прост. and the Chekhov line is не стянуть с вас. That с вас line stays off the wallet frame.
ограбить / грабить. Ozhegov’s ограбить is the cross-reference см. грабить. грабить is несов., кого-что, sense 1 Отнимать, похищать силой, example На дорогах грабили разбойники, perfective ограбить. Sense 2 is figurative and marked разг.. Kuznetsov: кого-что, sense 1 О. банк, О. квартиру, учреждение, Меня вчера избили, ограбили, Ограбили женщину, отняв сумку с деньгами, Ночью ограбили вагоны с товарами. The aspect parenthesis is (нсв. также грабить), and the article also names imperfective ограблять. Ushakov sense 1 is кого-что, Ограбить прохожего, and the Pushkin participle Ограбленный ворами недогадливый купец. The subsense что. Обокрасть is marked разг., example Ограбить дом. Sense 2, Деньги были ограблены подсудимым, is marked устар.
Morphology, the cells the entries print. Ozhegov prints краду, крадёшь and the past крал, крала. Kuznetsov prints украл, -ла, -ло and the participle украденный. Ushakov prints украду, украдёшь, imperative укради, and past украл, and notes an obsolete stress украдёшь and a regional imperative украдь. Russian Wiktionary prints the future cells украду, украдёшь, украдёт, украдём, украдёте, украдут and the past украл, украла, украло, украли. Those are the cells the entries print. The aspect labels несов. and сов. name the pairs.

EN ⇄ RU valency strip

Each row lines up one English slot with a Russian slot. The alignment type says what happens to the slot: = (same object status), or shift (a from-phrase ↔ у or из plus genitive). Printed dictionary lines come first. Every other Russian sentence is constructed, modelled on a printed line. They show the working alignment, not frequency, and not a bilingual corpus.

English–Russian valency alignment for steal, one row per argument
Slot	EN form	RU form	Align	EN example	RU example
Thief	SUBJ of steal	nominative subject	=	They stole all my money English Wiktionary · steal	Вор у вора дубинку украл Ushakov
Victim · person	from + person on steal	у + genitive	shift · one Russian genitive after у · English spells from · German, French, and Spanish spell a dative or an indirect object	stolen from us · (from me) English Wiktionary · steal	у вора Ushakov · proverb · у попа Ushakov · стянуть · разг.
Theme	object of steal	accusative кого-что	=	They stole all my money English Wiktionary	дубинку Ushakov · деньги Kuznetsov · украсть
Place	from + place	из + genitive	shift · English uses from for the person and for the place · Russian prints из for the place	stolen from the gallery English Wiktionary	из сада Kuznetsov · из кухни English Wiktionary · Dostoevsky
Victim · обокрасть	object of rob	accusative	= · the Theme is not a direct object in the examples	He robbed three banks English Wiktionary · rob · the banks are the place	меня обокрали Kuznetsov · Соседей обокрали Ushakov
Theme beside an accusative Victim	of + the thing, where printed	unprinted as a direct object or as a genitive	German berauben spells the genitive · French TLFi spells de · the обокрасть examples leave the Theme out	robbed the soldiers of their pay English Wiktionary · rob	genitive Theme unprinted on обокрасть · not a dictionary line
Dative Victim	unprinted as the source of steal	dative of the person stolen from	German ihm, French lui, and Spanish le are that person · Russian articles read here do not print it	stolen from us English Wiktionary	dative Victim unprinted · not a dictionary line

The strip below is a set of small multiples. Each card holds one frame, with English on top and Russian under it. The subject chip is the Thief. A card that quotes a dictionary line has no added name.

EN · RU · украсть

у + accusative Theme

He stole the club from him

Вор у вора дубинку украл

RU · Ushakov · у + genitive · accusative Theme · EN from

RolesHide roles VictimTheme

Victim him · у вора Theme the club · дубинку

Move the Victim is у + genitive · English spells from · the case is not the German dative

EN · RU · из

яблоки из сада

stolen from the gallery

К. яблоки из сада

RU · Kuznetsov · place in из · accusative Theme

RolesHide roles PlaceTheme

Place the garden · из сада Theme apples · яблоки

Move English from is one marker · Russian prints из for the place and у for the person

EN · RU · обокрасть

меня обокрали

rob him

меня обокрали

RU · Kuznetsov · accusative Victim · no Theme in the clause

RolesHide roles Victim

Victim me · меня

Move closest to rob and to berauben’s accusative Victim · no genitive Theme is printed

EN · RU · place

О. банк

He robbed three banks

О. банк

RU · Kuznetsov · ограбить · the place is the accusative

RolesHide roles Place

Place a bank · банк

Move no separate Theme is in the example

Examples

Argument difference. English steal X from Y puts the Theme in the object and the source in from, whether Y is a person or a place. Russian украсть / красть puts the Theme in the accusative. The person stolen from, in the line that prints one, is у plus genitive, and a place is из plus genitive. That person is not a dative, so the frame is not the dative Victim of stehlen, the lui of voler, or the le of robar. English rob Y (of X) puts the person or the place in the object. обокрасть and ограбить put that person or that place in the accusative, and the examples do not print the Theme as a direct object or as a genitive. The dative Victim is a working comparison with the other steal pages. It is unprinted on the Russian articles read here. The low Appl of the Victim stays inside the verb’s domain on the working drawing.

Senses kept off the wallet frame, and quoted so their objects are not reread as a purse. Ozhegov’s perfective example is Украденное счастье. Kuznetsov’s К. невесту and К. детей с целью шантажа take a person as the Theme. Kuznetsov’s joke вашего гостя is marked шутл. Ushakov’s second sense of обокрасть is plagiarism. Ushakov’s стянуть с вас is the прост. sense, not the hay line. Kuznetsov’s second sense of ограбить is ruin by taxes, О. страну.

Dictionary frames and lines · checked · quoted as printed

несов., кого-что. Присваивать чужое, воровать. · сов. украсть · Украденное счастье Ozhegov and Shvedova · красть · gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/красть · украсть is the cross-reference см. красть

кого-что. Присвоить чужое; похитить. У. шубу. У. машину. У. деньги. Kuznetsov · украсть · (нсв. красть) · gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/украсть

У нас в доме и к. нечего. Он крадёт всё, что плохо лежит. К. яблоки из сада. К. невесту. К. детей с целью шантажа. Kuznetsov · красть sense 1 · (св. украсть) · gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/красть · the bride and the children are the Theme

Вор у вора дубинку украл. · тот не украдет, не обманет. · Украсть вещи. Украсть белье. Украсть чемодан. Украсть деньги. Ushakov · украсть · gufo.me/dict/ushakov/украсть · the proverb is marked погов. · Krylov has no Theme

несов. (разг.). кого-что. Ushakov · красть · gufo.me/dict/ushakov/красть · the разг. label is on this article · Ozhegov and Kuznetsov do not print it on красть

кого-что. Совершить кражу гден., у кого-н. О. ларёк. · несов. обкрадывать Ozhegov · обокрасть · gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/обокрасть · у кого-н. is in the definition · the example is the stall

Воры обокрали квартиру. Месяц назад меня обокрали. Магазин обокрали. Kuznetsov · обокрасть · gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/обокрасть · imperfective обкрадывать sense 1 is к Обокрасть

Соседей обокрали. Обокрасть кассу. Обокрасть квартиру. Ushakov · обокрасть sense 1 · gufo.me/dict/ushakov/обокрасть · imperfective обкрадывать

кого-что. Тайно присвоить, унести, увести. П. документы. · несов. похищать Ozhegov · похитить · gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/похитить · no книжн. label

П. ценные бумаги. П. коня. Разрешите п. вашего гостя (шутл.). Kuznetsov · похитить · gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/похитить · imperfective похищать · the guest is the joke

книж. Похитить картину. Ushakov · похитить · gufo.me/dict/ushakov/похитить · книж. is printed here

Разг. Украсть, утащить. С. с блюда все пирожки. С. деньги из стола. Kuznetsov · стащить sense 5 · gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/стащить · стаскивать is named for senses 1–3

Разг. Утащить, украсть. С. из кармана отца деньги. С. кошелёк. С. из библиотеки книгу. Kuznetsov · стянуть sense 8 · gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/стянуть · стягивать is named for senses 1–7

Утащить, украсть (прост.). С. кошелёк. Ozhegov · СТЯНУТЬ 2 sense 2 · gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/стянуть · the label is прост. · стягивать is tied to sense 1 of that headword

разг. Из стога у попа я клок сенца стянул. Ushakov · стянуть sense 6 · perfective of тянуть · gufo.me/dict/ushakov/стянуть · Krylov

О. банк. О. квартиру. Меня вчера избили, ограбили. Ограбили женщину, отняв сумку с деньгами. Kuznetsov · ограбить · gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/ограбить · (нсв. также грабить) · also ограблять

Ограбить прохожего. Ограбленный ворами недогадливый купец. разг. Ограбить дом. Ushakov · ограбить · gufo.me/dict/ushakov/ограбить · Pushkin · sense 2 Деньги были ограблены is marked устар.

несов., кого-что. На дорогах грабили разбойники. · сов. ограбить Ozhegov · грабить · gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/грабить

обо- + красть · to rob · imperfective обкрадывать English Wiktionary · обокрасть · en.wiktionary.org/wiki/обокрасть · secondary

rob · dévaliser · bestehlen Russian Wiktionary · обокрасть · ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/обокрасть · secondary · the article prints no filled clause · prefix обо-

украсть из кухни топор English Wiktionary · украсть · Dostoevsky · en.wiktionary.org/wiki/украсть · imperfective красть · secondary

Three irreplaceable paintings were stolen from the gallery. · The problem is the two bicycles stolen from us. · They stole all my money (from me). English Wiktionary · steal · en.wiktionary.org/wiki/steal

He robbed three banks. · I never robbed the soldiers of their pay. English Wiktionary · rob · en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rob

der Dieb hat ihm die Uhr gestohlen · geh. jmdn. einer Sache berauben German · quoted on stehlen · dative Victim, and the genitive Theme

On lui a volé son portefeuille French · quoted on voler · dative Victim · direct Theme

Le robaron la cartera Spanish · quoted on robar · indirect Victim · direct Theme

Strings below are constructed, modelled on the printed lines. They are not spontaneous-speech citations and not dictionary lines. Пат continues the named-participant series on одолжить. A name does not spell case. у него spells the genitive after у. его in обокрал его spells the accusative. No constructed line adds a dative Victim, a genitive Theme, or a genitive noun under не.

✓ Пат украл у него деньги.

RolesHide roles ThiefVictimTheme

Thief Пат Victim у него Theme деньги

constructed · у + genitive is the shape of Ushakov у вора · деньги is Kuznetsov’s accusative of украсть · the proverb’s Theme is дубинку · the two phrases are not one printed clause

✓ Пат обокрал его.

RolesHide roles ThiefVictim

Thief Пат Victim его

constructed · modelled on Kuznetsov меня обокрали and Ushakov Соседей обокрали · accusative Victim · no Theme

✓ Пат ограбил банк.

RolesHide roles ThiefPlace

Thief Пат Place банк

constructed · modelled on Kuznetsov О. банк · the place is the accusative · no Theme

✓ Вор у вора дубинку украл Ushakov · у · accusative
✓ У. деньги Kuznetsov · украсть · accusative Theme · no person
✓ К. яблоки из сада Kuznetsov · из · accusative
✓ украсть из кухни топор English Wiktionary · Dostoevsky · из
✓ меня обокрали Kuznetsov · accusative Victim
✓ Воры обокрали квартиру Kuznetsov · accusative place
✓ С. деньги из стола Kuznetsov · стащить sense 5 · Разг.
✓ С. кошелёк Ozhegov · стянуть · прост. · Kuznetsov sense 8 · Разг.
✓ Из стога у попа я клок сенца стянул Ushakov · разг. · из and у
✓ О. банк Kuznetsov · ограбить · accusative place

What the passive and the principal parts show

The clearest promotion of a Victim is Ushakov’s Pushkin participle Ограбленный ворами недогадливый купец. The merchant is the head of the participle. The thieves are ворами, instrumental. No Theme is in the phrase. Kuznetsov’s Меня вчера избили, ограбили and меня обокрали keep the person in the accusative, in the indefinite-personal clause. Магазин обокрали is the same clause type, with the place in the preverbal accusative slot. Ushakov sense 2 prints Деньги были ограблены подсудимым and marks that sense устар. The money is the subject. That line is quoted. It is not extended to украсть. Kuznetsov prints Красться, крадётся; страд. on sense 1 of красть, and Обкрадываться … страд. on обокрасть. Those are the passive labels the entries print. Nothing further is constructed. The note on promotion is Causative templates and argument selection.

Principal parts, as pairs. красть is the imperfective and украсть is the perfective: Ozhegov несов. / сов. украсть, Kuznetsov (св. украсть) and (нсв. красть), Ushakov (совер. украсть) on красть and совер. к красть on украсть. обкрадывать is the imperfective and обокрасть is the perfective. похищать is the imperfective and похитить is the perfective. грабить is the imperfective Ozhegov names for ограбить; Kuznetsov also names ограблять. The theft sense of стащить is Kuznetsov sense 5, and стаскивать is named for senses 1–3. The theft sense of стянуть is Kuznetsov sense 8, and стягивать is named for senses 1–7; Ozhegov ties стягивать to the dragging sense; Ushakov files the разг. theft line as the perfective of тянуть. The pairs are the morphological pairs the entries print.

Derivations · working sketches, revisable

Each sketch is a working drawing, not a locked analysis. The drawing gives the Thief to Voice, the Victim to low Appl, and the Theme to the root. The Victim is a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain, analogous to the dative Victim on stehlen, to the indirect Victim on robar, and to the dative Victim on voler. The marking on украсть is у plus genitive, the preposition занять prints for a Source, and the roles are not claimed to be one role. The function of the Victim changes with the lemma. Open one sketch at a time. Which phrase is the structural object, when обокрасть puts the person in the accusative and prints no Theme, is not settled here. Which theta role is the object is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.

Voice · the Thief is the external argument

Constructed · one external argument

[CP Пат_1
  [TP t_1
    [VoiceP t_1 Voice                     ← Thief = Spec,Voice
      … украсть … ]]]

✓ Пат украл у него деньги. constructed

✓ Вор у вора дубинку украл Ushakov · вор is the Thief

The external argument is the Thief. English keeps that one subject on steal and on rob. Russian does not keep the Victim and the Theme in one function under that subject: the Theme is accusative on украсть, and the Victim is accusative on обокрасть, whose examples print no Theme.

Low Appl · the Victim as possessor-source · the root takes the Theme

украсть · у + genitive Victim · accusative Theme · working, revisable

[VoiceP Пат Voice
  [ApplP_LOW [у него]_GEN Appl               ← Victim · possessor-source · у + genitive
    [VP √крас-
       [Theme деньги ]_ACC ]]]               ← Theme · accusative

обокрасть keeps the three roles where a Theme is understood, and the printed function of the Victim is the accusative. The examples leave the root’s complement unexpressed. The prefix printed on this perfective is обо-.

[VoiceP Пат Voice
  [ApplP_LOW [его]_ACC Appl                  ← Victim · accusative · prefix обо-
    [VP √крас-
       [Theme     ] ]]]                      ← Theme unexpressed in меня обокрали

✓ Вор у вора дубинку украл Ushakov · у + genitive · accusative Theme

✓ меня обокрали Kuznetsov · accusative Victim · no Theme

✓ geh. jmdn. einer Sache berauben German · WDG · accusative Victim · genitive Theme · that genitive has no match in the обокрасть examples

English, German, French, and Spanish · from, the dative, and le

Working · no English steal page is opened · the German page is stehlen · the French page is voler · the Spanish page is robar

[VoiceP Pat Voice                                  ← Thief
  [VP √STEAL
     [Theme a wallet ]
     [PP from [ her ]]]]                        ← source in from
                                                · Russian у + genitive is that person
                                                · из + genitive is the place
                                                · not a dative
                                                · not a bare indirect object

English Wiktionary’s steal lines put the source in from. Russian у вора in the proverb is the person, and из кухни is the place. German ihm in der Dieb hat ihm die Uhr gestohlen is the same person, in the dative. French lui and Spanish le are that person as well. A dative of that person is unprinted on the Russian articles read here. German berauben flips the Victim to the accusative and prints a genitive Theme. Russian обокрасть flips the Victim to the accusative and prints no Theme in the object slot.

Layer-by-layer parallel: English steal and rob, German stehlen and berauben, Spanish robar, French voler, Russian украсть and обокрасть
Layer	steal / rob (EN)	stehlen / berauben	robar · voler	украсть / обокрасть
Spec,Voice	Thief	Thief	Thief	Thief
Victim	from-phrase on steal · object of rob	dative on stehlen · accusative on berauben	Spanish indirect le / a, with doubling in the ordinary description · French dative lui / à · direct le / la when no Theme is in the clause	у + genitive on украсть when the Theme is accusative · accusative on обокрасть · a dative is unprinted
Theme	object of steal · of-phrase on rob, where printed	accusative on stehlen · genitive on berauben, marked gehoben	direct object beside le and beside lui · French de in TLFi Voler qqn de qqc.	accusative on украсть · unexpressed as a direct object in the обокрасть examples · a genitive Theme is unprinted
Place	from on steal · object of rob in three banks	aus is a place on one rauben line, on the German page	Spanish Robaron un banco · French dévaliser takes a place as object	из + genitive beside украсть and the colloquial lines · accusative place on обокрасть and on ограбить

On преподавать the added argument is a dative Learner and the accusative is the Content. On украсть the added argument is the Victim in у plus genitive, and the accusative is the Theme. The analogy is the added possessor-source. It is not a claim that a Learner and a Victim are one role, and it is not a claim that у and the dative are one case.

обокрасть, похитить, стащить, стянуть, and ограбить are notes on this page, not further pages. стащить and стянуть stay notes, and only with the printed Разг. or прост. label. Languages of steal: German · stehlen / rauben / berauben · Spanish · robar · French · voler · Russian · украсть / красть · Italian · rubare · Japanese · 盗む · Polish · kraść / ukraść · Hungarian · lop / ellop · Dutch · stelen · Norwegian · stjele · Bulgarian · крада / открадна · Chinese · 偷 (tōu). The same у on a Source: lend · Russian · занять. No English steal page.

Notes

Working paper · October 2026 · Russian micro-entry · Beyond Index 2

Theft in Russian is not one function frame. Thief (Voice, subject), Victim (low Appl, a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain, working and revisable), Theme (complement of the root). On украсть / красть the Theme is accusative and the person stolen from is у plus genitive. A place is из plus genitive. On обокрасть / обкрадывать the Victim or the place is accusative, and the Theme is not a direct object in the examples. A dative Victim is unprinted. English steal takes the source in from.

RU micro-entry live Beyond Index 2 Low Appl of the Victim unranked DE stehlen live ES robar live FR voler live RU занять live

Sense × language: steal · Russian (украсть / красть). The theft sense is the page. The bride, the children, the guest, the happiness, and the tax sense stay off the wallet frame. обокрасть, похитить, стащить, стянуть, and ограбить stay notes. No English steal hub. German: steal · stehlen / rauben / berauben. Spanish: steal · robar. French: steal · voler. The у of a Source is on lend · занять. Index 2 does not list Russian, and it does not list украсть.

Places
EN ⇄ RU strip
Examples
Voice
Derivations
Hierarchy
Geometry
Open items
Corpus and sources

Working paper. Russian micro-entry of steal, beside the German, Spanish, and French pages. Dictionary frames were checked on Ozhegov and Shvedova (красть, украсть, обокрасть, похитить, стащить, стянуть, грабить), on Kuznetsov’s Большой толковый словарь (украсть, красть, обокрасть, обкрадывать, похитить, стащить, стянуть, ограбить), on Ushakov (красть, украсть, обокрасть, обкрадывать, похитить, стащить, стянуть, ограбить), and on Russian and English Wiktionary as secondary.

Constructed examples. Dictionary lines are marked as printed. Every other full clause is marked constructed. Пат украл у него деньги keeps Ushakov’s у and Kuznetsov’s деньги in one clause the sources print separately. Пат обокрал его follows меня обокрали. Пат ограбил банк follows О. банк. A dative Victim and a genitive Theme are unprinted and are not constructed.

Arity. Index 2 does not list украсть. Surface count can name a thief, a victim, and a thing taken. The lexicon does not list three co-arguments of one flat V, and it does not list one function frame for every line. Voice adds the Thief. Low Appl adds the Victim. The root takes the Theme. из of a place, and the place-object of обокрасть or ограбить, are not a further sister of the wallet frame.

What this page does not do. It does not open a separate page for обокрасть, похитить, стащить, стянуть, or ограбить. It does not open an English page of steal. It does not give стащить a theft sense on the Ozhegov or Ushakov articles that do not print one.

Hierarchy

Not a flat grid of three sisters, and not one function frame copied from the English gloss. Voice adds the Thief. Low Appl adds the Victim, as a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain. The root takes the Theme. The function of those two dependents is the lemma’s. The drawing is working and revisable.

What Russian changes, against English steal X from Y, is the Victim’s marker, and the split of person and place. The person is у plus genitive, in Ushakov’s Вор у вора дубинку украл, and the place is из plus genitive. English spells both with from. The Theme stays accusative, the government кого-что. What Russian changes, against the dative Victim of stehlen, the lui of voler, and the le of robar, is the case: a dative of that person is unprinted, and Spanish-style doubling of a clitic with a full phrase is unprinted. What обокрасть changes, against украсть, is which phrase is the accusative. The Victim or the place is the object, and the Theme is not a direct object in the examples. berauben makes the same accusative Victim and prints a genitive Theme. That genitive is unprinted here.

Geometry · Russian theft beside the live dative and the live indirect object

English steal. Source in from, person or place. Theme as object. A bare him is not that source. No English page is opened.
English rob. The person or place is the object. of is printed for the thing in the deprive citations. No English page is opened.
stehlen and rauben. Accusative Theme, dative Victim. Russian украсть matches the accusative Theme. The Victim’s case does not match: Russian prints у plus genitive.
berauben. Accusative Victim, genitive Theme, marked gehoben. обокрасть matches the accusative Victim. The genitive Theme is unprinted on обокрасть.
voler. Dative Victim, direct Theme, clitic lui. With no Theme the person is le or la. TLFi prints de for a Theme beside that person. Russian prints у, not à, and prints no de-Theme.
robar. Indirect Victim, direct Theme, clitic le. Doubling is the ordinary description of that indirect object. Russian prints a full у-phrase and no dative clitic.
украсть / красть. Accusative Theme. Person in у plus genitive. Place in из plus genitive. The aspect pair is the pair the entries name.
обокрасть / обкрадывать. Accusative Victim or place. Prefix обо-, as Wiktionary prints it. The Theme is not a direct object in the examples.
похитить / похищать. Accusative Theme. Ushakov prints книжн. Ozhegov and Kuznetsov do not. The person as Theme, in К. невесту and in the joke about the guest, stays off the wallet frame.
стащить and стянуть. Theft senses only with the printed label: Kuznetsov Разг. on both, Ozhegov прост. on стянуть, Ushakov разг. on стянуть sense 6. Ozhegov and Ushakov, as read, print no theft sense of стащить.
ограбить / грабить. Accusative person or place: прохожего, банк, квартиру, дом under Ushakov’s разг. subsense.
занять. Source in у plus genitive. The preposition is the one this page cites. A lender’s Recipient on одолжить is dative. That dative is not the Victim of украсть.

Open items

Whether low Appl is the right head for the Victim. The drawing puts a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain, on the analogy of the dative Victim of stehlen, of the indirect Victim of robar, and of the dative Victim of voler. The dictionaries print у plus genitive and the accusative of обокрасть. They do not print that head. The ranking stays open.
A dative Victim. Unprinted on the Ozhegov, Kuznetsov, and Ushakov articles read here. Not constructed. German ihm, French lui, and Spanish le remain the other languages’ marking.
Genitive of negation. A genitive noun in the Theme’s slot under не is unprinted. Krylov’s не украдет has no Theme. Kuznetsov’s нечего is the negative pronoun. Not constructed.
The definition’s у кого-н. on обокрасть. Ozhegov, Kuznetsov, and Ushakov put у in the definition of the accusative. The examples fill ларёк, меня, квартиру, соседей, and кассу. A clause that adds у beside that accusative is unprinted. Not constructed.
A genitive Theme beside обокрасть. Unprinted. berauben prints one. French TLFi prints de. Not constructed.
разг. on красть. Printed on Ushakov’s красть. Unprinted on the Ozhegov article and on the Kuznetsov article. Not ranked. The украсть article of Ushakov does not repeat the label.
книжн. on похитить. Printed on Ushakov. Unprinted on Ozhegov and on Kuznetsov. Not ranked.
прост. and разг. on стянуть. Ozhegov prints прост. Kuznetsov and Ushakov print разг. on the theft sense. The labels are quoted as printed. They are not collapsed into one label.
Imperfective of the colloquial theft senses. Kuznetsov’s стаскивать covers senses 1–3 of стащить, and sense 5 is the theft sense. Kuznetsov’s стягивать covers senses 1–7 of стянуть, and sense 8 is the theft sense. Ozhegov ties стягивать to the dragging sense. A theft-sense imperfective is not supplied here.
Красться … страд. Kuznetsov prints that passive label on sense 1 of красть. No passive clause of the proverb is printed. Not constructed.

Corpus filenames and sources checked

Dictionary frames: Ozhegov and Shvedova, Толковый словарь, красть, украсть, обокрасть, похитить, стащить, стянуть, and грабить; Kuznetsov, Большой толковый словарь русского языка, украсть, красть, обокрасть, обкрадывать, похитить, стащить, стянуть, and ограбить; Ushakov, красть, украсть, обокрасть, обкрадывать, похитить, стащить, стянуть, and ограбить; Russian Wiktionary украсть and обокрасть; English Wiktionary украсть, обокрасть, steal, and rob. The texts read are the gufo.me copies of Ozhegov, Kuznetsov, and Ushakov. The German, French, and Spanish theft frames are the lines already on steal-de.html, steal-fr.html, and steal-es.html. Constructed clauses put a printed function on a named thief. Index 2 does not list this lemma.

Ozhegov and Shvedova · красть gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/красть · кого-что · сов. украсть · Украденное счастье
Ozhegov and Shvedova · украсть gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/украсть · см. красть
Ozhegov and Shvedova · обокрасть gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/обокрасть · у кого-н. in the definition · О. ларёк · обкрадывать
Ozhegov and Shvedova · похитить gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/похитить · П. документы · похищать · no книжн.
Ozhegov and Shvedova · стянуть gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/стянуть · СТЯНУТЬ 2 · прост. · С. кошелёк
Ozhegov and Shvedova · грабить gufo.me/dict/ozhegov/грабить · кого-что · сов. ограбить
Kuznetsov · украсть gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/украсть · У. шубу · У. машину · У. деньги · (нсв. красть)
Kuznetsov · красть gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/красть · из сада · нечего · К. невесту · К. детей
Kuznetsov · обокрасть gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/обокрасть · меня обокрали · квартиру · Магазин обокрали
Kuznetsov · обкрадывать gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/обкрадывать · sense 1 к Обокрасть
Kuznetsov · похитить gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/похитить · П. коня · шутл. the guest
Kuznetsov · стащить gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/стащить · sense 5 Разг. · из стола
Kuznetsov · стянуть gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/стянуть · sense 8 Разг. · из кармана отца · кошелёк
Kuznetsov · ограбить gufo.me/dict/kuznetsov/ограбить · О. банк · Меня … ограбили
Ushakov · украсть gufo.me/dict/ushakov/украсть · у вора дубинку · не украдет · укради
Ushakov · красть gufo.me/dict/ushakov/красть · header разг. · кого-что
Ushakov · обокрасть gufo.me/dict/ushakov/обокрасть · Соседей обокрали · кассу · квартиру
Ushakov · похитить gufo.me/dict/ushakov/похитить · книж. · Похитить картину
Ushakov · стащить gufo.me/dict/ushakov/стащить · the article as read prints no theft sense
Ushakov · стянуть gufo.me/dict/ushakov/стянуть · sense 6 разг. · у попа · из стога
Ushakov · ограбить gufo.me/dict/ushakov/ограбить · прохожего · разг. дом · устар. the money passive
Russian Wiktionary · украсть ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/украсть · future and past cells · imperfective красть · secondary
Russian Wiktionary · обокрасть ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/обокрасть · prefix обо- · gloss rob, dévaliser, bestehlen · no filled clause
English Wiktionary · украсть en.wiktionary.org/wiki/украсть · из кухни топор · imperfective красть
English Wiktionary · обокрасть en.wiktionary.org/wiki/обокрасть · обо- + красть · to rob
English Wiktionary · steal en.wiktionary.org/wiki/steal · from the gallery · from us · (from me)
English Wiktionary · rob en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rob · He robbed three banks · of their pay

Records the accusative Theme and the у-genitive person of украсть, the из-genitive place, the accusative Victim of обокрасть with no direct Theme, and the printed frames of похитить, стащить, стянуть, and ограбить. Records the aspect pairs as pairs. Does not open an English page.