Headword
Language Bulgarian · imperfective крада · perfective открадна, and the secondary imperfective открадвам · three-place theft · обирам / обера, ограбвам, грабя, and задигам on this page, not separate pages · only where the Речник на българския език, the one-volume dictionary, or a Wiktionary page prints a theft frame
Thief, Victim, Theme · marking by lemma · Bulgarian cloth · working claim, revisable
Voice[Thief] + low Appl(Victim) + complement of the root (Theme)
крада · Theme direct object · one-volume Какво · Крада пари · place от · РБЕ от бейското гумно · person beside the honey is dative ми
открадвам / открадна · same Theme object · one-volume government Какво · the theft example is unfilled · РБЕ открадне чужда вещ
обирам / обера · person or place as object · one-volume Кого, какво · Обраха пощата · РБЕ обраха ме · обират касите си
A theft, on this reading, has a Thief, a Victim, and a Theme. They are not three equal sisters of one Bulgarian verb. Voice adds the Thief. Low Appl introduces the Victim, as a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain: the person who had the thing and no longer has it. That is the same kind of added argument as the dative Victim on stehlen, the indirect Victim on robar, the dative Victim on voler, the у-phrase of украсть, the a-phrase of rubare, the の possessor of 盗む, the bare dative of kraść, the ablative of rabol, the bare indirect of ontstelen, and the fra-phrase of stjele. It is a working drawing. It is not a settled analysis. The root’s complement is the Theme, the thing taken. A full noun phrase shows no case ending. The definite article on меда, парите, пощата, and касите is the article. It is not an accusative ending. A clitic, ми or ме, is a clitic, not a case ending on a noun. Пат and Крис continue the named-participant series on заемам.
What the one-volume dictionary prints for крада. The headword is крада̀, a transitive verb of imperfective aspect, type 145ti. The header is крадѐш, мин. св. кра̀дох, мин. прич. крал, несв. Sense 1 is Какво. Тайно присвоявам нещо чуждо. The examples are Крада пари. Крада скъпоценности. Крада картини. The government word is Какво. The money, the jewels, and the pictures are bare objects. No person and no place are in those three lines. Sense 2 is marked Остар. and the government is Кого: Отвличам мома, с нейно или без нейно съгласие, за да се оженя за нея. The girl is the object of that sense. She is the person taken, not the possessor of a purse. Sense 3 is ideas: Крада открития във физиката. The synonyms include открадвам, ограбвам, грабя, обирам, and задигам. They are names in that list. The frames of those names are the articles opened below. The aorist cell крадох is the aorist of this imperfective. It is the tense the table calls минало свършено. It is not the perfective откраднах.
What РБЕ prints for крада. The header is КРАДА̀, -ѐш, мин. св. кра̀дох, прич. мин. св. деят. крал, несв., прех. Sense 1 is Присвоявам незаконно нещо чуждо без знанието или съгласието на притежателя му. The possessor is inside that definition, as на притежателя. The definition does not print от. Талев prints the place and the theme together: крадяха от бейското гумно овършано жито и слама. The grain and the straw are the theme. от бейското гумно is the threshing floor. Йовков prints the person as a clitic before the verb: Чужди пчели дохождат и ми крадат меда. The honey is the theme. ми stands before крадат. It is a dative clitic of the verb, not a possessive after the noun. The other sense-1 lines are a bare theme or no theme: започна да краде, краде или подправя картите, крадяха на поразия, не кради. The impersonal is се краде от кооперативните хамбари. The granaries are от. Sense 2 takes the girl as the theme: крадат мома, мома крадат, and крадат децата. Sense 3 is marked Прен. Непрех. и прех. Обикн. с предл. от, and the complement is time or rest: от малкото си свободно време, от мимолетния си детски сън, от съня и от почивката си, and от сладкото безмълвие крадя времето ти. The ти of времето ти follows the noun. No theft citation of sense 1 prints от plus a person beside the grain or the honey.
What is different from the English gloss, from Russian у against из, and from Norwegian fra. English Wiktionary prints the source of steal in from (stolen from the gallery, stolen from us, They stole all my money (from me)). One English preposition covers the person and the place. украсть prints у plus genitive for the person and из plus genitive for the place. kraść prints a bare dative for the person and z plus genitive for the place. stjele prints one fra for fra ham and for fra et lager. Bulgarian крада prints от for the threshing floor and for the granaries, and English Wiktionary prints пари от касата. The person beside the honey, in the РБЕ line, is ми. The articles opened here do not print one от for that person and for that place in a single purse clause, and they do not print Russian у against из. A full noun has no dative ending. On заемам the dative clitic is the Recipient of a loan, and от is the person one borrows from. On крада the filled от of sense 1 is a place, and the filled dative of sense 1 is the possessor of the honey.
What открадвам and открадна print. The one-volume headword открадна is perfective and says вж. открадвам. The one-volume открадвам is imperfective, несв. и откра̀дна, св. Sense 1 is Какво. Извършвам кражба. No example fills that Какво. Sense 2 is marked Остар. and the government is Кого, the girl. Sense 3 is time: Откраднах пет минути, за да се видим. РБЕ’s article открадна is only the cross-reference Вж. открадвам и откраднувам. The откраднувам article was not opened. РБЕ открадвам is imperfective, and the perfective cells it names are two: открада, aorist открадох, participle открал, and открадна, aorist -ах, passive participle откраднат. Sense 1 is Извършвам кражба; присвоявам. The citations are Не съм откраднал чуждо, да не откраднеш, and открадне чужда вещ. The thing is the object. No person and no от are in those three lines. Sense 2, the girl, prints открадвам те от къщи and откраднем Милкана. те and Милкана are the person taken. от къщи is the house. Sense 3 prints часове от съня си. The passive lines promote the thing: се откраднаха едни хубави капистри, ще се открадне. English Wiktionary’s article of крада names the perfective as крадна. That label is on the крада page. A separate крадна article was not opened. The English Wiktionary pages of открадна, открадвам, and обирам were not served.
What English Wiktionary prints on крада, and what обирам prints. English Wiktionary’s theft sense prints Не кради чужди вещи and Крадецът крадеше пари от касата. The money is the theme and от касата is the cash box. The ideas sense prints краде идеи от по-млади писатели. Those writers are persons after от, and the theme is ideas. The time sense prints крадат време от истинската работа and крадяха съня ѝ. The ѝ follows съня. Bulgarian Wiktionary’s крада page says the meaning has not been entered. Its synonym list matches the one-volume list, and the only filled translation is Russian красть. The one-volume обирам is imperfective, несв. и обера̀, св. Sense 1 is Кого, какво. Извършвам обир. Обраха пощата! The post office is the object. Sense 2 is gathering fruit: Обрах падналите круши. РБЕ splits the homonyms the other way. ОБИРАМ 1 is gathering. ОБИРАМ 2 is the theft homonym, imperfective, perfective обера, aorist обрах. Sense 1 is Извършвам кражба, обир на някого или на нещо. The object is a person or a place: да го обираш, обираха кабинета, обират касите си, обраха ме, го обирал. A further subsense takes the things: обираха хляба, Обираха дрехите на хората по нивите, обира прането. Sense 2’s definition is Отнемам нещо (пари, скъпоценности и под.) от някого насила. The citations make the person the object: го обрали, ги обират. No citation fills that от някого with a noun phrase. Sense 3, overcharging, prints да им обира парите. The money is the theme and им is the dative clitic. The one-volume ограбвам is Кого, какво, example Ограбиха банката. грабя sense 1 is Кого, какво, example Те грабеха селата. задигам sense 1 is marked Разг., government Какво, example Крадецът задигнал пари и ценни предмети.
The lines do not stack every marking in one clause. Крада пари prints the theme and prints no person and no от. от бейското гумно овършано жито prints the theme and от plus a place, and prints no clitic. ми крадат меда prints the theme and dative ми, and prints no от. Обраха пощата and обраха ме print the place or the person as the object, and print no theme beside it.
Printed крада · bare Theme · government Какво
✓ Крада пари. Крада скъпоценности. Крада картини. one-volume · sense 1 · Какво · no person · no от
the money, the jewels, and the pictures are the Theme · the government word is Какво · a full noun has no case ending
Printed крада · Theme · от of a place
✓ крадяха от бейското гумно овършано жито и слама РБЕ · Талев · Theme · от · threshing floor
✓ Крадецът крадеше пари от касата English Wiktionary · Theme · от касата
the grain and the money are the Theme · the floor and the cash box are от · no person in these lines
Printed крада · Theme · dative clitic of the person
✓ Чужди пчели дохождат и ми крадат меда. РБЕ · Йовков · Theme · dative ми · no от
the honey is the Theme · ми stands before the verb · it is not a possessive after меда · it is not a case ending
Printed обирам · person or place as object
✓ Обраха пощата! · обраха ме · обират касите си one-volume · РБЕ обирам 2 · Йовков · place object · person object
the post office, the cash boxes, and ме are the object · the thing is unfilled in these lines · ме is the accusative clitic
| Place | Introduced by (working) | Bulgarian marking | Status in the sources | English and the live siblings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thief | Spec,Voice | subject · a full noun shows no case | Селските люде крадяха · Крадецът крадеше · Чужди пчели · a се line has no overt thief | subject of steal and of rob · subject of stehlen · subject of украсть · subject of kraść · subject of stjele · subject of stelen · subject of voler · subject of robar · subject of rubare · subject of 盗む · subject of lop |
| Victim · person beside a Theme | low Appl · possessor-source · revisable | dative clitic on крада · ми крадат меда · им обира парите on the overcharge sense of обирам · not a case ending · от plus a person beside a purse is unprinted | РБЕ Йовков ми крадат меда · English Wiktionary от по-млади писатели is ideas · РБЕ sense 3 от is time · a purse line with от plus a person is unprinted | English from + the person · Russian у + genitive · Polish bare dative · Norwegian fra · German dative · French dative lui · Spanish indirect le · Italian a · Japanese の · Hungarian ablative |
| Theme · крада | complement of the root | direct object · government Какво · no case ending on a full noun | пари · скъпоценности · картини · овършано жито и слама · меда · чужда вещ · чужди вещи | object of steal · accusative of украсть and of kraść · bare object of stjele · accusative of stehlen · direct object of stelen, voler, robar, rubare · を of 盗む · accusative of lop |
| Place of the goods · крада | not a fourth argument in this drawing | от + place · от бейското гумно · от кооперативните хамбари · от касата | РБЕ Талев · РБЕ impersonal · English Wiktionary · no purse line stacks this от with ми · от къщи is the abduction line | English from covers the person and the place · Russian из + genitive · Polish z + genitive · Norwegian fra, the same spelling as the person · Dutch uit · Italian da · Japanese から |
| обирам / ограбвам / грабя · person or place | the object the examples fill | direct object · government Кого, какво · ме · го · пощата · касите · банката · селата | one-volume Обраха пощата · РБЕ обраха ме · обират касите си · Ограбиха банката · грабеха селата | object of English rob · accusative of обокрасть · accusative of okraść · object of rane and of bestjele · accusative of berauben · accusative of kirabol |
| Theme beside a direct Victim | the object when the line fills the things · or a dative beside that object | direct object of the things · дрехите на хората · хляба · прането · dative им beside парите on the overcharge sense · за and a genitive are unprinted | РБЕ Гинчев · Елин Пелин · Каралийчев · Немиров им обира парите · a renarrative обрали ми са дрехите is unprinted · a bicycle in a second slot is unprinted | of of English rob · genitive of berauben · for of bestjele · van of beroven · di of derubare · z + genitive of okraść · French de |
Marking map. On крада the Theme is the direct object. от is printed for a threshing floor, for granaries, and, on the English Wiktionary line, for a cash box. The person beside the honey is dative ми. On обирам the person or the place can be the object. ме is that person. им beside the money is printed on the overcharge sense.
Each row lines up one English slot with a Bulgarian slot. The alignment type says what happens to the slot: = (same object status), or shift (a from-phrase ↔ от or a dative clitic, or of ↔ the object of обирам). Printed dictionary lines come first. Every other Bulgarian sentence is constructed, modelled on a printed line. They show the working alignment, not frequency, and not a bilingual corpus.
| Slot | EN form | BG form | Align | EN example | BG example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thief | SUBJ of steal | subject | = | They stole all my money English Wiktionary · steal | Селските люде крадяха РБЕ · Талев |
| Victim · person beside a Theme | from + person on steal | dative clitic on крада | shift · the printed person beside the honey is ми · English, Norwegian, and the place lines use a preposition · Russian spells у · Polish spells a bare dative | stolen from us · (from me) English Wiktionary · steal | ми крадат меда РБЕ · Йовков |
| Theme · крада | object of steal | direct object · Какво | = | They stole all my money English Wiktionary | Крада пари · меда one-volume · РБЕ |
| Place of the goods | from + place | от + noun phrase | shift · English uses from for the person and for the place · Bulgarian prints от for the place · the person beside the honey is the clitic | stolen from the gallery English Wiktionary | от бейското гумно · от касата РБЕ · English Wiktionary |
| Victim · English rob | object of rob | direct object of обирам / ограбвам / грабя | shift · the person or the place is the object · on крада the printed person is ми | He robbed three banks English Wiktionary · rob | Обраха пощата · обраха ме one-volume · РБЕ |
| Theme beside a direct Victim | of + the thing, where printed | direct object of the things, where the line fills one · dative им on the overcharge line | shift · English spells of · German berauben spells a bare genitive · Norwegian spells for · Bulgarian spells the things as the object, or leaves them out | of their pay English Wiktionary · rob | дрехите на хората · им обира парите РБЕ · Гинчев · Немиров |
The strip below is a set of small multiples. Each card holds one frame, with English on top and Bulgarian under it. A card that quotes a dictionary line has no added name.
EN · BG · dative of a person
They stole all my money (from me)
Чужди пчели дохождат и ми крадат меда.
BG · РБЕ · Йовков · Theme · dative ми
Move the Theme is the object · English from of a person is the clitic ми · Russian spells у
EN · BG · от of a place
stolen from the gallery
крадяха от бейското гумно овършано жито и слама
BG · РБЕ · Талев · Theme · от · place
Move English from of a place is от · the same от is not filled with a person in this line · Russian spells the place as из
EN · BG · bare Theme
They stole all my money (from me)
Крада пари.
BG · one-volume · Какво · person unfilled
Move the Theme is the object · English from of a person is unfilled in this line
EN · BG · object flip
He robbed three banks
Обраха пощата!
BG · one-volume · обирам · Кого, какво · place object
Move English rob makes the place the object · обраха ме makes the person the object · the thing is unfilled
Argument difference. English steal X from Y puts the Theme in the object and the source in from, whether Y is a person or a place. Russian украсть puts the Theme in the accusative, the person in у plus genitive, and the place in из plus genitive. Bulgarian крада puts the Theme in the direct object. The one-volume government of that sense is Какво, and the examples are Крада пари, скъпоценности, and картини. РБЕ prints the place as от: от бейското гумно, and the impersonal от кооперативните хамбари. English Wiktionary prints пари от касата. The person beside the honey is not that от. Йовков prints dative ми: ми крадат меда. English rob Y of X puts the person or the place in the object. обирам / обера prints that object. The one-volume government is Кого, какво, and the example is Обраха пощата. РБЕ prints обраха ме and обират касите си. A line обра касата and a line обрали ми са дрехите are unprinted in the articles opened here.
Senses kept off the wallet frame, and quoted so their objects are not reread as a purse. The girl is sense 2. Time and sleep are sense 3. Gathering fruit is the other homonym of обирам.
Dictionary frames and lines · checked · quoted as printed
Какво. Тайно присвоявам нещо чуждо. · Крада пари · Крада скъпоценности · Крада картини one-volume · rechnik.chitanka.info · крада · sense 1 · Какво
от бейското гумно овършано жито и слама · ми крадат меда · се краде от кооперативните хамбари РБЕ · ibl.bas.bg · крада · Талев · Йовков · Каралиева
пари от касата · идеи от по-млади писатели · Не кради чужди вещи English Wiktionary · en.wiktionary · крада · place · ideas · bare Theme
Какво. Извършвам кражба. · Откраднах пет минути one-volume · открадвам · theft example unfilled · time sense filled
открадне чужда вещ · открадвам те от къщи · Вж. открадвам и откраднувам РБЕ · открадвам · открадна is the cross-reference · от къщи is abduction
Кого, какво. Обраха пощата! one-volume · обирам · place object
обраха ме · обират касите си · Обираха дрехите на хората · да им обира парите · от някого in the definition РБЕ · обирам 2 · Йовков · Гинчев · Немиров · the от of the definition is unfilled
Кого, какво. Ограбиха банката. · Те грабеха селата. · Крадецът задигнал пари и ценни предмети. one-volume · ограбвам · грабя · задигам · notes
stolen from the gallery · stolen from us · (from me) · He robbed three banks · of their pay English Wiktionary · steal · rob
Constructed · the printed function, on Пат and Крис · not a corpus line
✓ Пат краде пари. constructed · one-volume Крада пари · Theme · no person
✓ Пат краде жито от гумното. constructed · Талев от бейското гумно овършано жито · Theme · place
✓ Пат краде пари от касата. constructed · English Wiktionary пари от касата · Theme · place
✓ Крис ми краде меда. constructed · Йовков ми крадат меда · Theme · dative clitic
✓ Пат открадна парите. constructed · РБЕ открадне чужда вещ · one-volume Какво · person unfilled
✓ Обраха пощата. · Обраха Крис. constructed · Обраха пощата · обраха ме
A person after от beside the money, a stack of ми and от, обрали ми са дрехите, and a singular обра касата are unprinted and are not constructed.
се promotes the theme of крада in the impersonal се краде от кооперативните хамбари, and the от-phrase stays. как се краде човешкият труд promotes the labour. се откраднаха едни хубави капистри and ще се открадне promote the thing of открадвам. се обираха promotes the traders, and Царска хазна лесно не се обира promotes the treasury. обраха ме is active. The person is the object, and the clitic is accusative ме. Nothing further is constructed. Which phrase is the structural object, once обирам makes the person the object, is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.
What the entries print of the verb. One-volume крада is imperfective. The cells it prints in the header are крадеш, aorist крадох, participle крал. The imperative is кради. That aorist is the aorist of the imperfective. The table’s label минало свършено is the tense name. РБЕ’s header matches those cells and adds несв., прех. One-volume открадвам is imperfective and names perfective открадна. The perfective header is откраднеш, мин. св. откраднах, мин. прич. откраднал. РБЕ also names perfective открада, aorist открадох, participle открал, beside открадна, passive participle откраднат. English Wiktionary names a perfective крадна on the крада article and prints the cells крада, крадеш, крадох, крал, краден. One-volume обирам is imperfective and names perfective обера. РБЕ’s perfective aorist is обрах. The aspect labels are the labels the entries print. They are not a telicity claim.
Prefixes. крада has no particle that separates. от- on открадна and on открадвам is written together in the forms the articles print. The treatment of a piece that does separate is the one on the languages that have such a piece. Nothing on the theft articles read here splits that way. о- on обирам and ограбвам is written together. A prefix is part of the lemma’s shape. It is not a fourth argument. The РБЕ articles of ограбвам, грабя, and задигам were not opened. The one-volume articles were.
Each sketch is a working drawing, not a locked analysis. The drawing gives the Thief to Voice, the Victim to low Appl, and the Theme to the root. The Victim is a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain, analogous to the dative Victim on stehlen, to the indirect Victim on robar, to the dative Victim on voler, to the у-phrase of украсть, to the a-phrase of rubare, to the の possessor of 盗む, to the bare dative of kraść, to the ablative of rabol, to the bare indirect of ontstelen, and to the fra-phrase of stjele. On крада the printed person beside the honey is dative ми. The printed place beside the grain is от. On обирам the object the example fills can be the person or the place. The на-phrase of дрехите на хората is on the noun. Open one sketch at a time. Which phrase is the structural object, once обирам makes the person the object, is not settled here. Which theta role is the object is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.
Constructed · one external argument
[CP Пат_1
[TP t_1
[VoiceP t_1 Voice ← Thief = Spec,Voice
… краде … ]]]
✓ Пат краде пари. constructed
✓ Селските люде крадяха от бейското гумно овършано жито и слама РБЕ · Талев · the subject is the thief · от is not a second subject
The external argument is the Thief. English keeps that one subject on steal and on rob. Bulgarian keeps one subject on крада and on обирам. ми is not a second subject.
крада · dative clitic · direct Theme · working, revisable
[VoiceP Пчелите Voice
[ApplP_LOW ми Appl ← Victim · possessor-source · dative clitic
[VP √крад-
[Theme меда ]]]] ← РБЕ ми крадат меда
The place от is a different string. The drawing does not make that place the Victim head. The dictionaries do not print the head.
[VoiceP Пат Voice
[VP √крад-
[Theme жито ]
[PP от [ бейското гумно ]]]] ← place · РБЕ Талев · not a person
обирам prints the person or the place as the object.
[VoiceP Пат Voice
[VP √обир-
[Victim / Place пощата ]]] ← one-volume Обраха пощата
· РБЕ обраха ме
✓ ми крадат меда РБЕ · dative · Theme · no от
✓ от бейското гумно овършано жито РБЕ · от · Theme · no clitic
✓ Обраха пощата · обраха ме one-volume · РБЕ · place object · person object
✓ Вор у вора дубинку украл Russian · the person is у plus genitive · the honey line of крада spells ми
✓ stjele varer fra et lager Norwegian · fra is the warehouse and the person · Bulgarian prints от for the floor
Working · no English steal page is opened · the Russian page is украсть · the Polish page is kraść · the Norwegian page is stjele · the German page is stehlen · the Dutch page is stelen · the French page is voler · the Spanish page is robar · the Italian page is rubare · the Japanese page is 盗む · the Hungarian page is lop
[VoiceP Pat Voice ← Thief
[VP √STEAL
[Theme a wallet ]
[PP from [ him ]]]] ← source in from
· крада’s ми is the person
· крада’s от is the place
· обирам’s object is the person or the place
· not Russian у against из
· not one fra for both
English Wiktionary’s steal lines put the source in from. Bulgarian ми and от бейското гумно are two markings. Russian у вора is the person, and a place is из. Polish mi is the person in the dative, and a place is z plus genitive. Norwegian fra ham and fra et lager are one preposition. German ihm is the person in the dative. Dutch uit mijn zak is the container. French lui, Spanish le, and Italian gli are that person as well. Japanese メアリーの is that person as の on the Theme, and a place is から. дрехите на хората puts a possessor on the noun, the nearer match to の than to the Polish dative. Hungarian bankártól is that person in the ablative. German berauben, Russian обокрасть, Polish okraść, Norwegian rane, and Hungarian kirabol flip the Victim or the place to the direct object. Bulgarian обирам and ограбвам print that object.
| Layer | steal / rob (EN) | украсть · kraść | stjele · 盗む | крада / обирам |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spec,Voice | Thief | Thief | Thief | Thief |
| Victim | from-phrase on steal · object of rob | Russian у + genitive · Polish bare dative · direct object on обокрасть and on okraść | Norwegian fra + person · Japanese の on the Theme · direct object on bestjele and on rane | dative ми on крада · direct object on обирам · от plus a person beside a purse is unprinted |
| Theme | object of steal · of-phrase on rob, where printed | accusative of украсть and of kraść · absent from the обокрасть examples | bare object of stjele · を of 盗む · for on bestjele | direct object of крада · government Какво · the things of обирам when a line fills them · unfilled beside Обраха пощата and обраха ме |
| Place | from on steal · object of rob in three banks | Russian из + genitive · Polish z + genitive · a place can be the object of обокрасть | fra on stjele, the same spelling as the person · Japanese から · a bank can be the object of rane | от on крада · a post office, the cash boxes, or a bank can be the object of обирам or of ограбвам |
On заемам the give reading prints a dative clitic or на някого for the Recipient, and the get reading prints от for the person. On крада the filled person beside the honey is the same kind of clitic, and the filled от of the theft sense is a place. On уча the Learner is one bare object and the Content is на or a да-clause. A Learner and a Victim are not one role. The analogy is the added argument.
Working paper · October 2026 · Bulgarian micro-entry · Beyond Index 2
Theft in Bulgarian is not one function frame copied from English from. Thief (Voice, subject), Victim (low Appl, a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain, working and revisable), Theme (complement of the root). On крада the Theme is the direct object, a place is от, and the person beside the honey is dative ми. On обирам the person or the place is the object. English steal takes the source in from. Russian украсть takes the person in у and the place in из.
Not a flat grid of three sisters, and not one function frame copied from the English gloss. Voice adds the Thief. Low Appl adds the Victim, as a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain. The root takes the Theme. The function of those two dependents is the lemma’s. The drawing is working and revisable.
What Bulgarian changes, against English steal X from Y, is the marking of the person beside the thing. The place is от, in от бейското гумно and in от касата. The person beside the honey is dative ми. What it changes against Russian у plus genitive against из plus genitive is that the two Bulgarian markings are a clitic and a preposition, not two prepositions and not two cases. Norwegian keeps one fra for the person and for the warehouse. обирам changes the object: the person or the place is what Кого, какво fills, in обраха ме and in Обраха пощата.
Dictionary frames: Речник на българския език (БАН), online at ibl.bas.bg, under крада, открадвам, открадна, and обирам. The one-volume Речник на българския език at rechnik.chitanka.info, under крада, открадвам, открадна, обирам, ограбвам, грабя, and задигам. Bulgarian Wiktionary, крада. English Wiktionary, крада, steal, and rob. The English Wiktionary pages of открадна, открадвам, and обирам were not served. откраднувам was named and not opened. Infolex was not opened. The German, French, Spanish, Russian, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Hungarian, Dutch, and Norwegian theft frames are the lines already on the live sibling pages. Constructed clauses put a printed function on Пат and Крис. Index 2 does not list this lemma. The РБЕ articles of ограбвам, грабя, and задигам were not opened.
Records the direct Theme of крада, the от-phrase of a place, the dative clitic of the person, and the person-or-place object of обирам. Does not open an English page.