steal · Portuguese (roubar) — Event-Structure Dictionary

Arguments

Thief, Victim, Theme · function by frame · Portuguese cloth · working claim, revisable

Voice[Thief] + low Appl(Victim) + complement of the root (Theme)

roubar · Theme_DO · Victim/Source_DAT (a + NP, clitic lhe) · Michaelis Roubaram-lhe os documentos · roubou-lhe o celular · Aulete tdi. + a · a quem roubara objetos de valor

Theme_DO · Source de + person or place · Aulete tdr. + com, de · Roubou do rapaz a bicicleta · Michaelis o carro da jovem estudante · do seu quarto

Victim_DO · Theme unexpressed, or Theme in de · Michaelis as viúvas pobres · os turistas de todos os seus pertences · Ciberdúvidas names roubar alguém as the direct-object scheme

A theft, on this reading, has a Thief, a Victim, and a Theme. They are not three equal sisters of one Portuguese verb. Voice adds the Thief. Low Appl introduces the Victim, as a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain: the person who had the thing. That is the same kind of added argument as the dative Victim on robar and on rubare. It is a working drawing. It is not a settled analysis. The root’s complement is the Theme, the thing taken. Priberam calls the conjugation regular and the participle regular. The Dicionário Houaiss, Aurélio, and Luft’s entry for roubar were not opened.

What is different from the English gloss. English Wiktionary prints the source of steal in from (stolen from the gallery, stolen from us, They stole all my money (from me)) and does not print a bare indirect object as that source. One English preposition covers the person and the place. Portuguese prints more than one marker for that person. Michaelis prints the dative clitic beside the Theme: Roubaram-lhe os documentos, roubou-lhe o celular, roubaram-lhe a herança. Aulete’s label tdi. + a prints a quem roubara objetos de valor (Franklin Távora). Michaelis also prints a full a-phrase with the Theme: Roubaram a todos o sossego e a alegria. The older Aulete block prints Roubou-lhe o sossego (Castilho). That a / lhe person is not an English from-phrase.

de of a person or a place. Aulete’s label tdr. + com, de is filled by Roubou do rapaz a bicicleta and by Aluísio Azevedo, cachimbo que o sumítico roubara de um pobre cego decrépito. Michaelis prints Roubou o carro da jovem estudante and, of a place, roubou do seu quarto o perfume. Wikcionário’s crime gloss is subtrair alguma coisa de alguém, and the examples under that article do not fill the person. Ciberdúvidas 34402 confirms that Brazilian Portuguese attests de in an oblique that seems to have the same thematic roles as roubar alguém and as roubar algo a alguém, quoting Maria Helena de Moura Neves, Guia de Uso do Português (2003), só roubava dos ricos, and Francisco Inácio Peixoto, roubar de um homem como Seu Saldanha. The same answer says roubar alguma coisa de alguém may be more characteristic of Brazilian Portuguese, and that dictionary records attest a alguém (it points at Houaiss, which this page did not open), so a is not confined to European Portuguese on that answer. Aulete, a Brazilian dictionary, prints both the a label and the de examples. Priberam sense 5 is the gloss Despojar de and prints no clause. Infopédia’s article, as served, prints no a alguém clause and no de alguém clause.

The person as direct object. Michaelis glosses one frame Despojar alguém de valores ou bens and prints Roubava até as viúvas pobres, with no thing in the clause, and Roubaram os turistas de todos os seus pertences, with the person as the direct object and the thing in de. Ciberdúvidas 34402 names roubar alguém as the scheme with only a direct object. English rob someone is the nearer gloss of the bare person. English rob someone of something is the nearer gloss of the person plus de. Spanish robar prints the direct person in DPD §1b and does not print robar a alguien de algo. Italian derubare prints that flip on another lemma: direct Victim, Theme in di (lo derubarono del portafogli). Portuguese prints the flip on roubar itself.

lhe as possessor. On Roubaram-lhe os documentos and roubou-lhe o celular the clitic is the person, and the direct object is the thing that person had. The working drawing calls that person a possessor-source, the same label this dictionary uses for Spanish le in Le robaron la cartera and for Italian gli in gli rubarono il portafoglio. The dictionaries print the clitic. They do not print the label “dative of possession”. A full a-phrase and lhe are printed in separate strings. A doubled clause is unprinted. me in Aulete’s que me roube meu marido (José de Alencar) does not spell accusative against dative. That line is the seduction sense, not a purse.

Places · who wears which marking

No printed theft line stacks a named Thief, lhe, and a full a-phrase in one clause. Michaelis prints lhe and os documentos. Aulete prints a quem and objetos de valor. The name in a constructed line below fills one of those slots. It does not double them.

Printed a / lhe · direct Theme

✓ Roubaram-lhe os documentos. Michaelis · Jur · vtdi · michaelis.uol.com.br · roubar

✓ Alguém que estava com ela na mesa do bar roubou-lhe o celular. Michaelis · às escondidas · lhe · direct o celular

✓ Roubaram a todos o sossego e a alegria. Michaelis · a + DP · direct Theme

✓ certo sertanejo, a quem roubara objetos de valor Aulete · sense 1 · label tdi. + a · Franklin Távora · aulete.com.br/roubar

they stole the documents from him or her · the person is dative, not from

Printed de · person or place · direct Theme

✓ Roubou do rapaz a bicicleta. Aulete · label tdr. + com, de · the entry’s own example

✓ Roubou o carro da jovem estudante. Michaelis · da is de plus the article

✓ o pedreiro roubou do seu quarto o perfume Michaelis · de of a place

stole the bicycle from the boy · de is the marker English spells from

Printed direct Victim · Theme absent, or Theme in de

✓ Roubava até as viúvas pobres. Michaelis · person is the direct object · no thing in the clause

✓ Roubaram os turistas de todos os seus pertences. Michaelis · direct person · de of the thing

✓ O grupo era especializado em roubar bancos. Michaelis · the place is the object

robbed the tourists of all their belongings · closest to English rob and to Italian derubare

Places of Portuguese roubar: introducer, marking, status, English and sibling marking
Place	Introduced by (working)	Portuguese marking	Status in the sources	English and sibling marking
Thief	Spec,Voice	subject of roubar	structural subject · Priberam: regular conjugation, regular participle · Wikcionário: 1st conjugation, participle roubado · cells include roubo, roubei, roubado	subject of steal and of rob · subject of robar and of rubare
Victim · a / lhe, Theme present	low Appl · possessor-source · revisable	lhe · a + NP	Michaelis Roubaram-lhe os documentos, roubou-lhe o celular, roubaram-lhe a herança, a todos o sossego · Aulete tdi. + a a quem … objetos de valor · older Aulete Roubou-lhe o sossego · clitic and full a-phrase in separate strings · plural lhes on the lines checked here is the wearing-away roubando-lhes a pureza (José de Alencar) · the abduction line is singular lhe roubaram a filha (Júlio Dinis) · neither is a purse	English from + the person · Spanish le / a · Italian gli / a
Source · de	the printed oblique · person or place · the same low Appl when the person is the Victim	de + NP · do / da	Aulete do rapaz, de um pobre cego · Michaelis da jovem estudante, do seu quarto · Wikcionário gloss de alguém, unfilled in the examples · Ciberdúvidas 34402: de may be more characteristic of Brazilian Portuguese · a alguém is also attested · Aulete’s com in the same label is the accomplice roubava com o pai (Franklin Távora), not this Source	English from · Spanish prints no filled de of the person beside a direct Theme in the lines on that page · Italian place da (dal tegame) beside a direct Theme
Victim · direct	low Appl · the case is the direct object	direct object of the person	Michaelis as viúvas pobres · Ciberdúvidas roubar alguém · with the thing: os turistas de todos os seus pertences · no o / a clitic of a theft Victim is in the lines checked here · roubá-lo da morte is Michaelis’s “save” sense	object of English rob · Spanish lo / la in DPD §1b, with no de-Theme in the examples · Italian derubare direct Victim + di
Theme	complement of the root	direct object beside a / lhe / de of the person · de-phrase when the person is the direct object	os documentos, o celular, a bicicleta, o carro are direct · de todos os seus pertences is the thing beside a direct person · Priberam Despojar de prints no clause	object of steal · of on rob where printed · Spanish Theme stays the direct object · Italian di is on derubare, not on rubare
Place	not a fourth argument in this drawing	de of a room · the place as the direct object	Michaelis do seu quarto beside o perfume · roubando o armazém · roubar bancos · Aulete Roubou uma donzela de casa de seus pais is the older block’s abduction line	English from the gallery and robbed three banks · Spanish Robaron un banco · Italian svaligiare una banca

Marking map. One letter can belong to several heads. Read the head, then the marker.

Dative of the person beside a direct Theme. lhe is Michaelis os documentos, o celular, a herança, and the older Aulete o sossego. a + NP is Aulete a quem and Michaelis a todos. The clitic is the person the thing was taken from. On the possessor reading, that person is the possessor of the direct object. The two descriptions name one printed clitic. They are not two printed arguments.
de of the person or the place, Theme direct. Aulete do rapaz and de um pobre cego. Michaelis da jovem estudante and do seu quarto. Ciberdúvidas 34402 treats Brazilian de as able to carry the roles of the direct-object person and of the a-person. It does not withdraw a alguém from Brazilian Portuguese. The question on that page had proposed that ao menino was impossible in Brazil. The answer does not confirm that.
com. In Aulete’s label beside de. The filled com line is o que roubava com o pai e com o Teodósio. Those are companions of the thief. They are not the person stolen from.
Direct object of the person. Michaelis as viúvas pobres leaves the thing out. os turistas de todos os seus pertences puts the thing in de. That de is the Theme. It is not the Source de of do rapaz, where the bicycle is the direct object. Spanish does not print this de-Theme on robar. Italian prints it on derubare.
Place as object. Michaelis roubar bancos and roubando o armazém. The place is the direct object. No separate Theme is in those clauses. Spanish Robaron un banco and Italian svaligiare una banca are the sibling lines.
furtar, only the frames that are printed. Priberam furtar sense 1 is Subtrair algo fraudulentamente, sem violência, and the article prints no clause. Infopédia is apoderar-se de (uma coisa alheia) contra a vontade do dono ou sem que ele o saiba, and glosses roubar, with no theft clause in the article served. Aulete sense 1 is Pegar para si, às escondidas (coisa alheia), label td. furtar uma carteira, and label tdi. + de, a filled by O ladrão furtou o carro do taxista. The label names a. That example fills de. Priberam roubar sense 3 is Subtrair às escondidas, furtar. The two verbs are not one legal definition. furtar is not a page.
The penal wording, only the articles opened. Brazilian Código Penal art. 155 caput, as the Planalto compilation prints it, is Subtrair, para si ou para outrem, coisa alheia móvel. Art. 157 caput is Subtrair coisa móvel alheia, para si ou para outrem, mediante grave ameaça ou violência a pessoa, ou depois de havê-la, por qualquer meio, reduzido à impossibilidade de resistência. The caput of 155 does not add that violence or threat. Portuguese Código Penal art. 203.º n.º 1 (PGDL, DL n.º 48/95) is Quem, com ilegítima intenção de apropriação para si ou para outra pessoa, subtrair coisa móvel ou animal alheios. Art. 210.º n.º 1 is the subtraction, or compelling delivery, por meio de violência contra uma pessoa, de ameaça com perigo iminente para a vida ou para a integridade física, ou pondo-a na impossibilidade de resistir. Wikcionário’s crime sense of the verb says the absence of violence or threat characterizes furto. Infopédia’s verb roubar includes violência, ameaça, fraude ou por outro meio. Michaelis’s Jur line names intimidation or violence and then lists furtar among the glosses. The statute and the general dictionary are both printed. This page does not collapse them. Penalty figures are on the statute pages and are not an argument of the verb.
Senses kept off the purse. Michaelis Roubaram a criança and Aulete Roubou a criança do berçário are abduction. Aulete que me roube meu marido is the seduction sense. Michaelis roubam os consumidores and Aulete roubando nos pesos are the short-measure sense. Michaelis Roubou um beijo da namorada is the kiss, with de. Those objects are not a wallet.
Morphology, not a further place. Priberam: regular conjugation, regular participle. The cells include roubo, roubei, roubado. Wikcionário prints roubamos as the Brazilian spelling of the first-person plural preterite and roubámos as the European spelling. Those forms are the cells the entries print. They are not a claim about an endpoint.

EN ⇄ PT valency strip

Each row lines up one English slot with a Portuguese slot, and names the Spanish or Italian slot where the marking differs. The alignment type says what happens to the slot: = (same object status), or shift (a from-phrase ↔ an a-phrase, a dative clitic, or de). Printed dictionary lines come first. Every other Portuguese sentence is constructed, modelled on a printed line. They show the working alignment. They are not frequency, and not a bilingual corpus.

English–Portuguese valency alignment for steal / roubar, one row per argument
Slot	EN form	PT form	Align	EN example	PT example
Thief	SUBJ of steal	subject	=	They stole all my money English Wiktionary · steal	Roubaram-lhe os documentos. Michaelis
Victim · a / lhe	from + person on steal	lhe or a + NP	shift · one Portuguese dative · English spells from · Spanish le · Italian gli	stolen from us · (from me) English Wiktionary · steal	Roubaram-lhe os documentos. Michaelis · a quem roubara objetos de valor Aulete
Source · de	from + person or place	de + NP	= on the preposition’s job · Ciberdúvidas: de may be more characteristic of Brazilian Portuguese · a remains attested	stolen from the gallery · stolen from us English Wiktionary	Roubou do rapaz a bicicleta. Aulete · do seu quarto Michaelis
Theme	object of steal	direct object	= beside lhe, a, or Source-de	They stole all my money English Wiktionary	os documentos Michaelis · a bicicleta Aulete
Victim · direct, no Theme	object of rob	direct object	= · the thing is not in the clause	He robbed three banks English Wiktionary · rob · the object there is a place	as viúvas pobres Michaelis
Theme beside a direct Victim	of + the thing, where printed	de + the thing	= · Spanish leaves this de unprinted on robar · Italian prints di on derubare	robbed the soldiers of their pay English Wiktionary · Shakespeare citation under rob	os turistas de todos os seus pertences Michaelis
Place as object	object of rob	direct object	=	He robbed three banks English Wiktionary	roubar bancos Michaelis
Named lhe line	from her	lhe + direct Theme	shift · the pieces are printed · this clause is not a dictionary line	They stole the wallet from her gloss	Pat roubou-lhe a carteira. constructed on Michaelis Roubaram-lhe os documentos and roubou-lhe o celular

The strip below is a set of small multiples. Each card holds one frame, with English on top and Portuguese under it. The subject chip is the Thief when the clause has one.

EN · PT · lhe

lhe + direct Theme

They stole the documents from him or her

Roubaram-lhe os documentos.

PT · Michaelis · dative Victim · direct Theme · EN from · ES le · IT gli

RolesHide roles VictimTheme

Victim him or her · lhe Theme the documents · os documentos

Move the Victim is dative · a possessor of the Theme · English spells from

EN · PT · de

de + direct Theme

He stole the bicycle from the boy

Roubou do rapaz a bicicleta.

PT · Aulete · de-Source · direct Theme · Ciberdúvidas: de may be more characteristic of Brazilian Portuguese

RolesHide roles SourceTheme

Source the boy · do rapaz Theme the bicycle · a bicicleta

Move de matches English from · a / lhe is the other printed person

EN · PT · direct Victim

person + de Theme

They robbed the tourists of their belongings

Roubaram os turistas de todos os seus pertences.

PT · Michaelis · direct Victim · de Theme · IT derubare + di · ES prints no such de on robar

RolesHide roles VictimTheme

Victim the tourists · os turistas Theme their belongings · de todos os seus pertences

Move the person is the object · the thing is de · English rob … of

EN · PT · place

bancos

He robbed three banks

roubar bancos

PT · Michaelis · the place is the object · ES Robaron un banco

RolesHide roles Place

Place banks · bancos

Move no separate Theme is in the example

Examples

Argument difference. English steal X from Y puts the Theme in the object and the source in from. Portuguese roubar puts the Theme in the direct object and the person in a / lhe or in de. English rob Y of X puts the person in the object and the thing in of. Portuguese prints that person as a direct object and the thing in de. Spanish le matches the Portuguese dative. Spanish does not print the de-Theme beside a direct person. Italian gli matches the dative. Italian derubare matches the direct person and the oblique thing, on another lemma.

Dictionary frames and lines · checked · quoted as printed

Tirar o que está em casa alheia ou o que outrem leva consigo. Priberam · roubar sense 1 · no a and no de in the gloss · dicionario.priberam.org/roubar

Subtrair às escondidas, furtar. Priberam · sense 3

Despojar de. Priberam · sense 5 · no clause

apropriar-se de (bem alheio) através de violência, ameaça, fraude ou por outro meio Infopédia · Porto Editora · no a alguém clause and no de alguém clause in the article served · infopedia.pt · roubar

Roubaram-lhe os documentos. · Roubou o carro da jovem estudante. · Roubava até as viúvas pobres. · Roubaram os turistas de todos os seus pertences. · roubou-lhe o celular. · roubar bancos. Michaelis

Roubou do rapaz a bicicleta. · a quem roubara objetos de valor · Roubou-lhe o sossego. Aulete · the last is the older block, Castilho

subtrair alguma coisa de alguém mediante violência ou ameaça (a ausência de violência ou ameaça caracteriza furto) Wikcionário · crime sense · de alguém is in the gloss · the examples do not fill it · pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/roubar

só roubava dos ricos · roubar de um homem como Seu Saldanha · roubar algo a alguém Ciberdúvidas 34402 · Neves 2003 · Peixoto · the answer’s name for the a-scheme · ciberduvidas · 34402

Subtrair algo fraudulentamente, sem violência. Priberam · furtar sense 1 · no clause · dicionario.priberam.org/furtar

O ladrão furtou o carro do taxista. Aulete · furtar · label tdi. + de, a · the example fills de · aulete.com.br/furtar

Subtrair, para si ou para outrem, coisa alheia móvel Código Penal brasileiro · art. 155 caput · Planalto · del2848

Subtrair coisa móvel alheia, para si ou para outrem, mediante grave ameaça ou violência a pessoa, ou depois de havê-la, por qualquer meio, reduzido à impossibilidade de resistência Código Penal brasileiro · art. 157 caput

subtrair coisa móvel ou animal alheios Código Penal português · art. 203.º n.º 1 · furto · PGDL · art. 203.º

por meio de violência contra uma pessoa, de ameaça com perigo iminente para a vida ou para a integridade física, ou pondo-a na impossibilidade de resistir Código Penal português · art. 210.º n.º 1 · roubo · PGDL · art. 210.º

They stole all my money (from me). · stolen from us · stolen from the gallery English Wiktionary · steal

He robbed three banks. · of their pay English Wiktionary · rob

The string below is constructed, modelled on the printed lhe lines. It is not a dictionary line. Pat continues the named-participant series. A name does not spell function. lhe spells the dative. a carteira is the Theme those lines spell as a direct object. No served line puts this clitic on a carteira.

✓ Pat roubou-lhe a carteira.

RolesHide roles ThiefVictimTheme

Thief Pat Victim lhe Theme a carteira

constructed · modelled on Michaelis Roubaram-lhe os documentos and roubou-lhe o celular · the possessor of the wallet is the clitic · a full a-phrase is not doubled onto lhe

✓ Pat roubou a carteira ao João.

RolesHide roles ThiefVictimTheme

Thief Pat Victim ao João Theme a carteira

constructed · modelled on Aulete a quem … objetos de valor and on Michaelis a todos o sossego · no clitic in the clause

✓ Roubaram-lhe os documentos Michaelis · dative · direct Theme · possessor of the documents
✓ roubou-lhe o celular Michaelis · dative · direct Theme
✓ a quem roubara objetos de valor Aulete · a · direct Theme
✓ Roubou do rapaz a bicicleta Aulete · de-Source · direct Theme
✓ Roubaram os turistas de todos os seus pertences Michaelis · direct Victim · de Theme
✓ Roubava até as viúvas pobres Michaelis · direct Victim · Theme unexpressed
✓ roubar bancos Michaelis · place as object
✓ O ladrão furtou o carro do taxista Aulete · furtar · de · stealth gloss on the same article

What the passive and the principal parts show

No editorial line checked here is a passive of the theft frame of roubar or of furtar. Priberam and Wikcionário print the participle roubado. That cell is not a passive clause. Nothing is constructed. Aulete’s older block prints ele foi roubado à vossa vista (Montalverne) under “apoderar-se de”, with a of the viewer’s presence. It is not filed here as a passive that promotes a Victim of a purse.

Principal parts. roubar is regular. The cells quoted above are roubo, roubei, and roubado. Wikcionário’s roubamos / roubámos pair is a spelling of one preterite cell. It is not a second event. No particle is printed on roubar.

Derivations · working sketches, revisable

Each sketch is a working drawing, not a locked analysis. The drawing gives the Thief to Voice, the Victim to low Appl, and the Theme to the root. The Victim is a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain, analogous to Spanish le and to Italian gli. Open one sketch at a time. Which theta role is the object is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.

Voice · the Thief is the external argument

Constructed · one external argument

[CP Pat_1
  [TP t_1
    [VoiceP t_1 Voice                     ← Thief = Spec,Voice
      … roubar … ]]]

✓ Pat roubou-lhe a carteira. constructed

✓ Roubaram-lhe os documentos. Michaelis · the subject is the Thief · lhe is not the subject

The external argument is the Thief. English keeps that one subject on steal and on rob. Portuguese does not keep the Victim and the Theme in one function under that subject.

Low Appl · lhe as possessor-source · the root takes the Theme

roubar · dative Victim · direct Theme · working, revisable

[VoiceP Pat Voice
  [ApplP_LOW [lhe] Appl                       ← Victim · possessor of the Theme · dative
    [VP √roub-
       [Theme a carteira ]_DO ]]]             ← Theme · direct object

The de-Source keeps the Theme as the direct object and spells the person with de. The direct-object Victim keeps the person as the object and spells the Theme with de. Those are the other two printed cloths. The drawing does not stack them in one clause. The sources do not stack them.

[VoiceP Pat Voice
  [ApplP_LOW [os turistas]_DO Appl            ← Victim · direct
    [VP √roub-
       [Theme de todos os seus pertences ]]]] ← Theme · de · not the Source-de of do rapaz

✓ Roubaram-lhe os documentos. Michaelis · dative · the possessor of the documents

✓ Roubaram os turistas de todos os seus pertences. Michaelis · direct Victim · de Theme

✓ lo derubarono del portafogli Italian · Treccani · as steal · Italian records it · direct Victim · di Theme · another lemma

English, Spanish, and Italian · from, le, gli

Working · no English steal page is opened · Spanish is steal-es.html · Italian is steal-it.html

[VoiceP Pat Voice                                  ← Thief
  [VP √STEAL
     [Theme a wallet ]
     [PP from [ her ]]]]                        ← source in from
                                                · PT lhe or a + NP
                                                · PT de + NP
                                                · ES le · IT gli

English Wiktionary’s steal lines put the source in from. Portuguese lhe in Roubaram-lhe os documentos is that person, in the dative, and it is the possessor of the Theme. Portuguese do rapaz spells the same slot with de. Spanish Le robaron la cartera and Italian gli rubarono il portafoglio are the dative siblings. The direct person plus an oblique thing is Michaelis de todos os seus pertences and Italian del portafogli on derubare.

Layer-by-layer parallel: English steal and rob, Spanish robar, Italian rubare, Portuguese roubar
Layer	steal / rob (EN) · no page	robar	rubare / derubare	roubar
Spec,Voice	Thief	Thief	Thief	Thief
Victim beside a direct Theme	from	le / a	a / dative clitic on rubare	a / lhe, or de
Victim as object	object of rob	lo / la · no printed de-Theme	direct object of derubare	direct object · Theme in de when the line fills it
Theme	object of steal · of on rob	direct object	direct object of rubare · di on derubare	direct object, or de beside a direct person

Notes

Working paper · October 2026 · Portuguese micro-entry · Beyond Index 2

Theft in Portuguese is not the single English from. Thief (Voice, subject), Victim (low Appl, a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain, working and revisable), Theme (complement of the root). The Theme is the direct object beside a / lhe and beside Source-de. The person can be the direct object, and de then holds the thing. de of a person may be more characteristic of Brazilian Portuguese, and a alguém is also attested. furtar is the stealth gloss. The penal articles separate a subtraction that names violence or threat from one whose caput does not.

PT micro-entry live Beyond Index 2 a and de both printed ES robar live IT rubare live DE stehlen live

Sense × language: steal · Portuguese (roubar). The theft sense is the page. Abduction, the kiss, the short measure, and the seduction sense stay off the purse. furtar stays a note. No English steal hub. Spanish: steal · robar. Italian: steal · rubare. German: steal · stehlen / rauben / berauben. French: steal · voler. Russian: steal · украсть / красть. Japanese: steal · 盗む. Polish: steal · kraść / ukraść. Hungarian: steal · lop / ellop. Dutch: steal · stelen. Norwegian: steal · stjele. Bulgarian: steal · крада / открадна. Chinese: steal · 偷. Index 2 does not list roubar.

Places
EN ⇄ PT strip
Examples
Voice
Derivations
Hierarchy
Geometry
Open items
Corpus and sources

Working paper. Portuguese-only micro-entry. Frames were checked on Priberam, Infopédia (Porto Editora), Michaelis, and Aulete Digital (roubar and furtar), on Wikcionário (roubar), and on Ciberdúvidas 34402. The penal caputs were read on the Planalto compilation of the Brazilian Código Penal and on the PGDL text of the Portuguese Código Penal.

Constructed examples. Dictionary lines and the statute caputs are marked as printed. Pat roubou-lhe a carteira and Pat roubou a carteira ao João are marked constructed. A doubled clitic plus a-phrase is unprinted and is not constructed.

Arity. Index 2 does not list roubar. Surface count can name a thief, a victim, and a thing taken. The lexicon does not list three co-arguments of one flat V, and it does not list one marker for every line. Voice adds the Thief. Low Appl adds the Victim. The root takes the Theme. com of an accomplice is not a further sister of the Victim.

What this page does not do. It does not open a page for furtar. It does not quote a Houaiss line, an Aurélio line, or a Luft line for roubar. Ciberdúvidas points at Houaiss for a alguém. It does not treat Infopédia’s gloss apropriar-se de as a printed de-complement of roubar. It does not treat Aulete’s com as a Source. It does not map the abduction line or the kiss onto a purse.

Hierarchy

Not a flat grid of three sisters, and not one from copied onto every Portuguese line. Voice adds the Thief. Low Appl adds the Victim, as a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain. The root takes the Theme.

What Portuguese changes, against English steal X from Y, is the Victim’s marker. The person is a or lhe, or de. The Theme stays a direct object in those frames, as in English. What Portuguese changes, against Spanish robar, is the direct person: Michaelis prints the thing in de beside that person. Spanish prints the direct person and leaves that oblique unprinted. Italian prints the oblique on derubare.

Geometry · roubar beside the dative Source

English steal. Source in from, person or place. Theme as object. A bare object is not that source. No English page is opened.
English rob. The person or place is the object. of is printed for the thing in the deprive citations. No English page is opened.
roubar. Direct Theme with a / lhe, or with de of the person or the place. Direct person, Theme unexpressed or in de. Place as object in roubar bancos. lhe is the possessor of the Theme on the printed clitic lines.
robar. Direct Theme, indirect Victim (a, le): Le robaron la cartera. With no Theme, le keeps the person indirect. lo / la makes the person the direct object, and the examples print no de-Theme. Robaron un banco makes the place the object.
rubare. Direct Theme, person in a or a dative clitic: gli rubarono il portafoglio, a quel pastore rubano le pecore. A container beside that Theme is da. derubare puts the Victim in the direct object and the Theme in di.
furtar. Priberam: fraudulent subtraction, sem violência, no clause. Aulete: às escondidas, do taxista. The penal caputs are a separate wording, quoted above. Not a page.

Open items

Whether low Appl is the right head for the Victim. The drawing puts a possessor-source inside the verb’s domain, on the analogy of Spanish le and Italian gli. The dictionaries print lhe, a, and de. They do not print that head.
a against de of the person. Both are printed. Ciberdúvidas 34402 says de may be more characteristic of Brazilian Portuguese and that a alguém is attested, pointing at Houaiss. Houaiss was not opened. Aulete prints both. No ranking beyond that answer is added here.
Possessor dative against a Source that is not the possessor. lhe on os documentos and on o celular is the person who had the thing. A printed test that separates that possessor from a Source who never possessed the thing is not in the lines checked here.
Clitic doubling. The clitic and a full a-phrase are printed in separate strings. A doubled clause is unprinted. Not constructed.
o / a of a theft Victim. Unprinted in the theft lines checked here. roubá-lo da morte is another sense. Not given to the purse.
Luft, Houaiss, Aurélio. The roubar entries were not opened. No sentence from them is quoted. Ciberdúvidas names Houaiss as a dictionary record of a alguém.
A passive of the theft frame. Unprinted. Not constructed.

Corpus filenames and sources checked

Dictionary frames: Priberam, Infopédia (Porto Editora), Michaelis, and Aulete Digital for roubar and furtar; Wikcionário for roubar; Ciberdúvidas 34402. Statutes: Planalto compilation of Decreto-Lei n.º 2.848 (Código Penal brasileiro), arts. 155 and 157 caputs; PGDL text of the Código Penal português, art. 203.º n.º 1 and art. 210.º n.º 1. Literary lines are quoted only as those entries print them. The constructed clauses put a printed lhe or a printed a on a named Thief. Houaiss, Aurélio, and Luft’s roubar entry were not opened. Index 2 does not list roubar.

Priberam · roubar dicionario.priberam.org/roubar · sense 1 no preposition in the gloss · sense 3 furtar · sense 5 Despojar de · no clause · regular participle
Priberam · conjugation dicionario.priberam.org/conjugar/roubar · roubo · roubei · roubado · roubámos / roubamos
Infopédia · roubar infopedia.pt · roubar · Porto Editora · violência, ameaça, fraude ou por outro meio · no a/de clause in the article served
Michaelis · roubar michaelis.uol.com.br · roubar · Roubaram-lhe os documentos · roubou-lhe o celular · da jovem estudante · do seu quarto · as viúvas pobres · os turistas de todos os seus pertences · roubar bancos
Aulete · roubar aulete.com.br/roubar · tdi. + a · tdr. + com, de · Roubou do rapaz a bicicleta · older block Roubou-lhe o sossego · com violência ou por força
Wikcionário · roubar pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/roubar · crime gloss de alguém · furto as the absence of violence or threat · participle roubado
Ciberdúvidas 34402 ciberduvidas · a sintaxe do verbo roubar · de in Brazilian Portuguese · roubar alguém · roubar algo a alguém · Houaiss named, not quoted here
Priberam · furtar dicionario.priberam.org/furtar · sem violência · no clause
Infopédia · furtar infopedia.pt · furtar · sem que ele o saiba · gloss roubar
Aulete · furtar aulete.com.br/furtar · às escondidas · do taxista · label also a, unfilled in that example
Código Penal brasileiro planalto.gov.br · Decreto-Lei 2.848 · art. 155 caput · art. 157 caput
Código Penal português PGDL · art. 203.º · art. 210.º · n.º 1 of each
English Wiktionary · steal and rob en.wiktionary.org/wiki/steal · rob · from · of their pay
Sibling pages steal-es · le · no printed de-Theme · steal-it · gli · derubare + di

Records the a-dative and the de-Source of roubar, the direct Victim with the thing in de, the possessor reading of lhe, and the printed split between furtar and the penal caputs. Does not open furtar as a page.