Agent, Theme given, counter-Theme received, Partner · Korean cloth · working claim, revisable
교환하다 · Sino-Korean 交換하다 · sense 1 · 【…을 (…과)】 · 【…을 …으로】 · 화물을 화물표와 · 신발을 치수가 큰 것으로 · when …과 is absent, a plural expression is the object
교환하다 · sense 2 · 【(…과) …을】 · partner 동료와 의견을 · when …과 is absent, a plural expression is the subject · 두 사람은 예물을
바꾸다 · sense 1 · 【…을 …으로】 · 달러를 원화로 · 헌 돈을 새 돈으로 · the same pattern is the change sense · 황무지를 옥토로 · sense 3 · 【…을】 · 계획을 바꾸다
바꾸다 · sense 2 · 【(…과) …을】 · 【…을 (…과)】 · partner 어머니와 옷을 · counter-Theme 헌 냉장고를 새 선풍기와 · 서로 자리를
맞바꾸다 · same two orders of -와/과 · 진품을 가짜와 · 사주단자를 서로 · learners’ dictionary · 동치미랑 … 배추김치랑
환전하다 · Sino-Korean 換錢하다 · 【…을 …으로】 only · 경비를 달러로 · 돈을 한화로 · learners’ pattern 1이 2를 3으로
An exchange, on this reading, has someone who gives a thing and receives another, and a partner when a line names one. 표준국어대사전 files 교환하다 as the verb of the noun 교환, Sino-Korean 交換. Sense 1 is 서로 바꾸다. The patterns are 【…을 (…과)】 and 【…을 …으로】. The grammar note says that when …과 does not appear, a word meaning more than one is the object. Sense 2 is 【(…과) …을】. Sub-sense 1 is 서로 주고받고 하다. When …과 does not appear, a word meaning more than one is the subject. The same particle is the other thing in sense 1 and the other person in sense 2. The schema puts them in different orders. -(으)로 is a third marking, on the thing received or put in place of the first.
Where this frame diverges from the English gloss exchange X for Y with Z. Cambridge’s learner entry, as the Portuguese and German pages cite it, prints exchange something for something: I exchanged those trousers for a larger size. The bare object is the thing given. For is the thing received. The business entry prints exchange sth with sb as a separate pattern. Korean keeps the given thing in -를, the same seat as the English bare object. It does not keep English for on one marker. On 나는 지금 어제 산 신발을 치수가 큰 것으로 교환하러 간다, and on 달러를 원화로 바꾸다, the received thing is -(으)로. That particle is instrumental and directional. English for maps to it, and the given thing stays -를. On 화물을 화물표와 교환하다 and 헌 냉장고를 새 선풍기와 바꾸어 준다, the other thing is -와/과, and English for maps to that particle instead. The partner uses the same -와/과: 동료와 의견을 교환하다, 어머니와 옷을 바꾸어 입었다. The Japanese page prints one particle, と, for the counter-Theme and for the partner, in different clauses, and prints に of the new item on 取り替える, 換える, and 両替する. Korean -와/과 is that split. Korean -(으)로 is the received-item seat that Japanese marks with に on the verbs of replacement and of currency. Portuguese por and com, Spanish por and con, French contre and avec, German gegen plus accusative and mit plus dative, Italian con for both seats, and Russian 나 plus accusative against с plus instrumental keep the received thing and the partner on two markers. A clause that stacks the partner and -(으)로 is unprinted. Cambridge does not print with and for in one clause.
바꾸다 sense 1 is replacement, including money, and the same pattern is a change that is not a swap. 표준국어대사전 defines sense 1 as 원래 있던 것을 없애고 다른 것으로 채워 넣거나 대신하게 하다, pattern 【…을 …으로】. The examples include 건전지를 새것으로 바꾸다, 헌 돈을 새 돈으로 바꾸었다, 달러를 원화로 바꿀 생각이다, and 만 원짜리를 잔돈으로 바꿀 수 있습니까? They also include 농부는 황무지를 옥토로 바꾸었다 and 화제를 바꾸었다. The wasteland becomes fertile land. The topic of talk changes. Those lines are not two people handing goods across. Sense 3, pattern 【…을】, is 원래의 내용이나 상태를 다르게 고치다, with 계획을 바꾸다. The translation sub-sense of sense 1, 이 영문을 한글로 바꿔라, is off the goods frame. The idiom 바꿔 말하면 is off it. Sense 2 is the goods exchange: 자기가 가진 물건을 다른 사람에게 주고 대신 그에 필적할 만한 다른 사람의 물건을 받다.
환전하다 is currency, and the printed pattern is only …을 …으로. 표준국어대사전 defines it as exchanging money of one kind with money of another kind, or money with bullion, and fills 해외여행 경비 등을 달러로 환전하였다 and 외국인의 돈을 한화로 환전해 주었다. The 와 inside 화폐와 화폐 and 화폐와 지금 is the dictionary’s “and,” not a partner slot. The Korean-English Learners’ Dictionary glosses the head as exchanging one country’s currency for another’s, defines it with 다른 나라의 화폐와 맞바꾸다, and prints the sentence pattern 1이 2를 3으로 환전하다 only. 원화를 달러로 환전하였다 puts the won in -를 and the dollar in -로. No -와/과 partner and no -에게 is in those examples.
서로 and 맞바꾸다 are the reciprocal lines. -(이)랑 is one spoken line. -하고 is unprinted. 두 사람이 서로 자리를 바꾸어 앉아라 prints 서로, a plural subject, and no 과. 맞바꾸다 is its own head, pronounced [맏빠꾸다]. The definition is giving something and receiving something else without adding or taking any away. 진품을 가짜와 맞바꾸어 puts the fake in -와. 양가는 사주단자를 서로 맞바꾸고 puts both families in the subject. The learners’ dictionary prints 우리 집 동치미랑 옆집 배추김치랑 맞바꿨어. Both dishes are -(이)랑. Neither is a person. The sentence patterns of that entry still say 와 and 과, not 랑. No article opened here prints the partner, or the other thing, as -하고.