lend · kölcsönad

Hierarchy

Not a flat grid of four sisters, and not one verb that means both directions the way pożyczyć does. A flat grid would give kölcsönad two bare objects, or a to-phrase, or a borrow reading. kölcsönad shows one direct object, the Theme, and, where a person is named, one dative.

tíz forintot = one object. See the case sketch. The accusative noun kölcsönt is the loan as a thing named by the noun entry. It is not the theme of kölcsönad.

What Hungarian shows, against the English gloss, is where the direction lives. English uses lend or borrow. Lend takes a bare recipient or to. Borrow takes from. kölcsönad is lend, and the recipient is -nak/-nek. kölcsönöz uses one lemma for both, and the other party is dative, or ablative of a person, or elative of a place. -tól/-től and -ból/-ből are the divergence from from. They are different markers from the Recipient’s dative. kölcsönvesz and kölcsönkér are the other borrow expressions. Polish uses od on pożyczyć. Russian uses у on занять. Italian uses da on prendere in prestito.

Geometry · kölcsönad beside the live roots

In Kölcsönadtam neki tíz forintot, the speaker hands over the sum. In mástól kölcsönözte, the subject has taken the boots from someone else. The definitions name return. This page quotes that wording and does not add an aspect label.

• English lend and borrow. Two verbs. Lend takes the lender as subject and a bare Recipient or to. Borrow takes the borrower as subject and from for the source, person or place. No English page is opened. The Hungarian match of lend is kölcsönad, and also kölcsönöz sense 1. The match of the bare Recipient and of to is one dative. The match of borrow … from a person, on kölcsönöz, is ablative. The match of from a place, on that sense, is elative.
• pożyczyć. One lemma, and the other human’s marker selects the direction: bare dative, or od plus genitive. A clause with neither does not show the direction. kölcsönöz is the Hungarian lemma that prints both directions. The dictionary glosses them as Kölcsönad and Kölcsönvesz, and the borrow sense prints two cases. kölcsönad itself does not take the borrow reading. A dative-less line of kölcsönad stays lend.
• одолжить / занять and prestare. Lexical or periphrastic splits. The lend frame has a dative recipient. The ordinary borrow expression is another verb, with у plus genitive or with da. kölcsönvesz and kölcsönkér are that kind of split. kölcsönöz is the split those languages do not make on the lend lemma.
• leihen, prêter, and prestar. German keeps both directions on one lemma by a reflexive dative plus von or bei. French has a converse lemma, and à flips. Spanish is lender-side, and the borrow side is pedir prestado or tomar prestado. Hungarian kölcsönöz has no reflexive in the examples read here. The marker is the dative, the ablative, or the elative.
• 貸す and bérbe ad. Japanese prints lend and the paid reading on one lemma, and the converse is 借りる, with に flipping role. Hungarian prints lend on kölcsönad and rent on bérbe ad / bérel. The rent page records no ablative of the lessor. This page records mástól on kölcsönöz.
• elad. The buyer is a dative -nak/-nek, the goods are the one accusative, and -ért is the Price. kölcsönad as read here is the temporary transfer. The dative ending Chrisnek is the one that page uses. No -ért is printed on the lend examples.
• fizet. The direct object is the money. -ért is Consideration. The Recipient is a dative, and the low Appl_HAVE drawing is the one this page shares, as a working claim. On kölcsönad a money object is the Theme.

Open items

• -tól/-től on kölcsönvesz and kölcsönkér. Wiktionary’s gloss names it. Kölcsönvette a kerékpáromat, Kölcsönvett száz forintot, and Szeretném kölcsönkérni a kocsidat do not contain it. It is not filled in, and it is not starred. The filled ablative on this page is mástól under kölcsönöz sense 2.
• No Értelmező article for kölcsönkér. The search on ertelmezo.oszk.hu returned no definition. The noun entry’s kölcsönt kér is kölcsön in the accusative plus kér. It is not entered here as the prefixed verb.
• Mikszáth’s rá. The citation sits under sense 1a of kölcsönöz. This page does not give rá a Recipient seat. The objectless example used here is Barátja szokott neki kölcsönözni.
• Wiktionary’s split example of kölcsönvesz. The conjugation note prints a split whose verb is esz, not vesz. That example is not quoted. The future cell on the same page prints kölcsön fog venni. Értelmező sense 2 of kölcsönvesz, the linguistic sense, prints vettük kölcsön.
• A focused object before a separated kölcsön. Unprinted for kölcsönad. No sentence is constructed. The printed splits are the imperative, the bare ad kölcsön, the negation, is, and fog.
• idekölcsönöz, kikölcsönöz, odakölcsönöz, kölcsönkap. Named. Frames not read. Not pages.
• Rate and duration. The noun entry lists kamatozó kölcsön and hosszú lejáratú kölcsön. No rate phrase and no duration phrase is printed on the verb examples of kölcsönad or kölcsönöz. They are not given seats.
• Bare second object. Unprinted. Not starred. The entries do not print that judgment. The recipient they print is -nak/-nek.
• Player, figurative, linguistic, and joking senses. Quoted above and kept off the returnable-theme frame. The asterisk on kölcsönöz sense 3 is the entry’s. This page does not add a label the entry does not print.

Corpus filenames and sources checked

Dictionary frames: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára, kölcsönad, kölcsönöz, kölcsönvesz, and kölcsön, as served at ertelmezo.oszk.hu. A search there for kölcsönkér returned no definition. English Wiktionary, kölcsönad, kölcsönöz, kölcsönvesz, kölcsönkér, kölcsön, kölcsön-, and Appendix: Hungarian verbal prefixes. The one constructed clause is Pat kölcsönadta Chrisnek a kocsit. Index 2 does not list kölcsönad. Hungarian Transfer in Index 2 is cserél / kicserél, ad.