Headword
Language Japanese · temporary transfer of a returnable theme · lender-side 貸す kasu · borrow-side converse 借りる kariru · formal loan 貸し付ける kashitsukeru · the paid reading of the same lemma is rent · 貸す · formal rent 賃貸する
Lender, Recipient, Theme · the converse lemma flips に · a price phrase is the rent reading · Japanese cloth · working claim, revisable
Lend · Voice[Lenderが] + ApplHAVE(Recipientに, Themeを) · 友人にお金を貸す · IPAL Ｎ１ガ Ｎ２ニ Ｎ３ヲ （Ｎ４φ）
Borrow · a different lemma · Voice[Borrowerが] + Themeを + Sourceに / から · IPAL Ｎ１ガ Ｎ２ニ／カラ Ｎ３ヲ （Ｎ４φ） · 友人から金を借りる · the に of this frame is the Source
Rent, same lender-side lemma · the frame above plus an optional Consideration · デジタル大辞泉 sense 2 使用料をとって · a で price is constructed on rent · 貸す · formal name 賃貸する
A lending, on this reading, has a Lender, a Recipient, and a Theme. デジタル大辞泉 sense 1 of 貸す is letting someone use one’s money or thing for a period. The examples are 友人にお金を貸す and 本を一日貸す. The IPAL basic-verb entry prints the case frame Ｎ１ガ Ｎ２ニ Ｎ３ヲ （Ｎ４φ）, and the sentence is 銀行は彼に金を100万円貸した. Voice adds the Lender, marked が. Low ApplHAVE introduces the Recipient inside that one verb domain and relates the Recipient to the Theme. The Recipient is に: 友人に, IPAL’s 彼に and the noun type 友達. The root’s object is the Theme, marked を: お金, 本, 金. They are not four equal sisters of 貸す. IPAL’s fourth slot is a quantity with no particle, 100万円 beside 金. That quantity measures the money Theme. A time expression is printed in 本を一日貸す and is not ranked as an argument or as an adjunct. The drawing is the same working claim as the Recipient of 払う and of English give-geometry pay: a low applicative of possession, inside one verb, revisable. Which theta role is the object in this low ApplHAVE domain is the note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.
Where the frame sits against the English gloss. English lend does not mean borrow, and English lend does not mean rent. Those are three lemmas. The best single-word gloss of デジタル大辞泉 sense 1, and of IPAL subentry 01, is lend, and the frame still diverges in two places. The direction split is a pair of lemmas, and the particle に changes role across the pair. On 貸す the に-phrase is the Recipient. On 借りる IPAL’s case label is Ｎ２ニ／カラ, the person the thing comes from. デジタル大辞泉 prints that person with から: 友人から金を借りる. The に alternant is in the case label. A clause 友達に本を借りる is constructed below on that label. English borrow keeps the source preposition separative, from, and does not reuse the Recipient preposition to. The payment split is not a second Japanese lemma. Sense 2 of the same 貸す adds 使用料をとって, with アパートを貸す. The optional price, a Consideration such as the constructed 月五万円で on the rent page, is what distinguishes that reading. 賃貸する is the formal name for taking a fee and lending. English files that reading under rent, a different verb from lend.
デジタル大辞泉 sense 1 prints a person in に and a thing in を, or the thing and a stretch of time. IPAL prints the lender, the recipient, the thing, and a bare quantity in one sentence. Neither entry prints a price in that sentence. The price belongs to the rent reading of the same verb, linked below.
Dictionary frame · に Recipient · を Theme · money is the Theme
✓ 友人にお金を貸す · 本を一日貸す デジタル大辞泉 · 貸す sense 1 · ⇔借りる
to a friend · money · a book · for a day · the money is the thing lent · the day is the time expression in that example
Case frame · lender が · recipient に · theme を · quantity with no particle
✓ 銀行は彼に金を100万円貸した。 IPAL基本動詞 · 貸す #01 · the entry spaces the pieces · Ｎ４φ is 100万円
the bank lent him a million yen · 彼に is the Recipient · 金 is the Theme · 100万円 measures that Theme
Converse · source から in the printed money line · に／から in the case label
✓ 友人から金を借りる デジタル大辞泉 · 借りる sense 1 · 彼は銀行から金を100万円借りた。 IPAL · 借りる #01 · case label Ｎ２ニ／カラ
borrow money from a friend · borrow a million yen from a bank · から is the Source in both printed lines · the case label also writes ニ
| Place | Introduced by (working) | Japanese marking | Case status | English and sibling marking |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lender | Spec,Voice of 貸す · source of 借りる | が on 貸す · から printed on 借りる · に is the other source marker in the IPAL label | 銀行は is the lender of 貸す · 銀行から and 友人から are the source · a person in に on 借りる with a returnable thing is the case label’s alternant · the printed に sentence of that subentry is あの人に知恵を借りる | subject of lend · from of borrow · subject of leihen, or von/bei when the subject borrows · subject of prestar · subject of prêter, and à when the subject is emprunter · subject of одолжить, and у+genitive on занять |
| Recipient | low ApplHAVE inside 貸す | に · 友人に · 彼に · noun type 友達 | one に on the lend frame · IPAL’s noun type for that slot is a person or an organization · this に is the person who receives the thing · the source に of 借りる is the other role of the same particle | bare object of lend me the book, or to · dative of leihen · a + DP doubled by le · à or lui/leur · dative of одолжить |
| Theme | complement of √LEND- · object of 借りる as well | を · お金 · 本 · 金 · 住宅資金 on 貸し付ける | one object · お金を貸す is this object, the money lent · IPAL’s 100万円 has no particle and measures 金 · the KAMUS request prints ３０００円 with no を | direct object of lend and of borrow · accusative of leihen · accusative of prestar · direct object of prêter and of emprunter · accusative or partitive genitive of одолжить |
| Borrower | Spec,Voice of 借りる | が on the converse lemma | a second lemma · デジタル大辞泉 points ⇔貸す · IPAL lists 借りる as the antonym of 貸す #01 · the pair is a lexical converse | subject of borrow · subject of the borrow frame of leihen, with a reflexive dative · subject of pedir or tomar · subject of emprunter · subject of занять |
| Source | に or から on 借りる | から in 友人から and 銀行から · ニ／カラ in the case label · noun types 彼女 / 銀行 | the source is the lender, seen from the borrower · から is the marker the money examples print · に is written in the case label beside から · 友達に本を借りる is constructed on that label · 図書館で is a place | separative from · German von or bei · unprinted as a required piece of prestar · French à on emprunter, the same preposition as the Recipient · Russian у+genitive |
| Consideration | optional · the rent reading of this lemma · absent from sense 1 | sense 2 使用料をとって · formal 賃貸する takes 賃料 · 月五万円で is the rent page’s constructed price | unprinted as a piece of sense 1 and of IPAL #01 · the same が に を frame · the price is what English files under a different lemma, rent · で of a place is a different use of the particle | English rent is a separate lemma from lend · German vermieten is a separate lemma from leihen · the live lend pages file a rate, where one is printed, on the lend verb itself |
| Duration | unranked | 一日 in 本を一日貸す · the definitions’ ある期間 · KAMUS 来週返します | optional time phrase · argument versus adjunct unprinted · not given a seat in the formula · the wording is the dictionaries’ · this page adds no further classification of that stretch | for a day · German bis morgen · Spanish por una semana · French pour quelques heures · same open status |
Marking map. Read the lemma, then the particle. On 貸す, に is the Recipient. On 借りる, に and から are the Source. を is the Theme on both. で of a price is the Consideration of the rent reading. で of a place is not that price.
Each row lines up one English slot with its Japanese slot. The alignment type says what happens to the slot: = (same status), shift (a bare English object or to ↔ に, or English from ↔ に/から), a lexical split of the subject’s direction, or a lexical split English makes and Japanese does not. Dictionary lines come first. Every other Japanese sentence is constructed, modelled on a printed line. They show the working alignment, not frequency, and not a bilingual corpus.
| Slot | EN form | JA form | Align | EN example | JA example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lender as subject | SUBJ of lend | が subject of 貸す | = for this direction | The bank lent him the money. constructed gloss | 銀行は彼に金を100万円貸した IPAL #01 |
| Borrower as subject | SUBJ of borrow · a different English lemma | が subject of 借りる · a different Japanese lemma | lexical split · English uses borrow and from · Japanese uses 借りる and に or から · German stays on leihen · Spanish uses a periphrasis · French uses emprunter and à · Russian uses занять and у | He borrowed the money from the bank. constructed gloss | 彼は銀行から金を100万円借りた IPAL #01 |
| Theme | OBJ | を | = | lend money · lend a book constructed gloss | お金 · 本 大辞泉 sense 1 · 金 IPAL |
| Quantity of money | part of the object · English has no bare quantity slot | φ · 100万円 beside 金を | = one MeasureP inside the Theme · no particle on the quantity | a million yen gloss of the quantity | 金を100万円 IPAL · Ｎ４φ |
| Recipient (に) | bare object of the double-object gloss · to in the other English gloss | に on 貸す | shift · one に · this role is the Recipient | lend a friend money · lend money to a friend the two English clothes | 友人に 大辞泉 · 彼に IPAL |
| Source から | from · separative | から on 借りる | shift · the Source particle the money lines print | borrow from a friend constructed gloss | 友人から 大辞泉 · 銀行から IPAL |
| Source に | from · the English preposition does not flip | に on 借りる | shift · the same particle as the Recipient of 貸す · the role is the Source · French à is the sibling that reuses one preposition | borrow a book from a friend constructed gloss | Ｎ２ニ／カラ IPAL case label · 友達に本を借りる constructed |
| 貸し付ける | lend funds · a financial loan | 住宅資金を · 低利で | a further lemma · IPAL synonym of 貸す #01 · the rate is printed here · a personal に is unprinted in the example | lend housing funds at a low rate gloss | 低利で住宅資金を貸し付ける 大辞泉 |
| Benefactive | an optional favor reading of lend · English has no auxiliary in the frame | てくれる · てあげる · てもらう | outer auxiliary · the case frame of 貸す stays · 友だちに on もらう is the lender | Could you lend me 3,000 yen? gloss of the KAMUS line | ３０００円貸してくれませんか KAMUS · 友だちに貸してもらった KAMUS · 友人に本を貸してあげる constructed |
| Rent vs lend | two lemmas · lend and rent | one lemma 貸す · sense 2 adds 使用料 · で price on the rent page · 賃貸する is the formal name | lexical split in English · an optional Consideration in Japanese | rent the apartment for 50,000 yen a month English lemma rent | アパートを貸す 大辞泉 sense 2 · 月五万円で constructed on rent-ja |
| Duration | for a day · status open | 一日 | optional · argument vs adjunct open | for a day constructed gloss | 本を一日貸す 大辞泉 |
| Two を | the English double object has no case particle | を on the Recipient beside を on the Theme | unprinted · the printed person is に | — | * 友人を本を貸す constructed · not a dictionary line |
| Effort · help | lend a hand · borrow an idea | 手を貸す · 知恵を借りる · IPAL #02 計画に | separate senses · the に of #02 is an undertaking | Lend a hand. gloss | 手を貸す 大辞泉 sense 3 · 彼はその計画に智恵を貸した IPAL #02 |
The strip below is a set of small multiples. Each card holds one frame, with English on top and Japanese under it. The subject chip is the lender on 貸す and the borrower on 借りる. The third card is the rent reading of the same verb. The last card is the benefactive layer.
EN · JA · Recipient に · Theme を
A friend lent him a book. / The bank lent him a million yen.
友人は彼に本を貸す。 / 銀行は彼に金を100万円貸した。
JA · the bank line is IPAL · the book line is constructed on 友人に and 本を · に is the Recipient · English has a bare object or to
Move one に inside ApplHAVE · one を · 100万円 measures the money
EN · JA · converse · に flips
He borrowed a book from a friend.
彼は友達に本を借りる。 / 彼は友達から本を借りる。
JA constructed · the case label is IPAL ニ／カラ · から is the printed money marker · に here is the Source · on 貸す the same particle is the Recipient · English from stays separative
Move に marks the Source on 借りる · から is the other Source marker · French à reuses one preposition · Russian у does not
EN · JA · same verb · optional price
rent the apartment · English rent, a different lemma from lend
アパートを貸す。 / 月五万円で貸す。
JA · 大辞泉 sense 2 prints アパートを貸す and 使用料をとって · 月五万円で is constructed on rent · 貸す · 賃貸する is the formal verb
Move the が に を frame stays · the price is optional · English uses another lemma
EN · JA · benefactive auxiliary
Could you lend me 3,000 yen? I’ll return it next week.
来週返しますから，３０００円貸してくれませんか。
JA · KAMUS · てくれる · no に in the line · 友だちに貸してもらった is the other printed auxiliary · 貸してあげる is constructed
Move the auxiliary is outside the case frame · もらう puts the lender in に
Argument difference. English lend, borrow, and rent are three verbs. Pat lent Chris the book has the lender as subject and a bare Recipient or to. Chris borrowed the book from Pat has the borrower as subject and separative from. Pat rented the apartment to Chris is a further verb, and the price sits in for. Japanese prints the lender as the が subject of 貸す and the borrower as the が subject of 借りる. The Theme is を on both. The other party is に on 貸す, and that role is the Recipient. The other party is に or から on 借りる, and that role is the Source. The particle に flips. French à flips in the same way, Recipient on prêter and Source on emprunter. Russian у is only the Source. German prints both directions on leihen. Spanish prints the borrower on a periphrasis, pedir prestado. The rent reading does not add a Japanese lemma beside 貸す. デジタル大辞泉 sense 2 adds 使用料をとって. 賃貸する is the formal fee verb. 貸し付ける is the formal loan verb, with 低利で in its example. 貸してくれる and 貸してあげる are auxiliaries on the ren’yōkei plus て.
Dictionary lines · quoted as printed · no page numbers added
［動サ五（四）］ １ 自分の金や物などを、ある期間だけ他人に使わせる。「友人にお金を―・す」「本を一日―・す」「タバコの火を―・す」⇔借りる。 ２ 使用料をとって、ある期間他人に利用させる。「アパートを―・す」「土地を―・している」⇔借りる。 デジタル大辞泉 · Kotobank · 貸す · sense 3 is effort, 手を貸す
［動ラ上一］ １ あとで返す約束で、人の物を一時的に自分のもののように使う。「友人から金を―・りる」「図書館で本を―・りる」⇔貸す。 ２ 使用料を払って一定の期間自分の用に使う。「アパートを―・りる」⇔貸す。 デジタル大辞泉 · Kotobank · 借りる · から printed · 図書館で is a place
文型 Ｎ１ガ Ｎ２ニ Ｎ３ヲ （Ｎ４φ） · 銀行は彼に金を100万円貸した。 · noun types 彼／銀行, 友達／会社, themes including 本 and 金 · synonyms include 貸し付ける · antonym 借りる 国立国語研究所 · IPAL基本動詞 · 貸す #01
文型 Ｎ１ガ Ｎ２ニ／カラ Ｎ３ヲ （Ｎ４φ） · 彼は銀行から金を100万円借りた。 · こうなったらあの人に知恵を借りるしかない。 IPAL · 借りる #01 · the に sentence has the theme 知恵
［動カ下一］ 資金や物品・権利を貸す。貸し付けをする。「低利で住宅資金を―・ける」 デジタル大辞泉 · Kotobank · 貸付ける
［名］(スル) 賃料を取り、物を相手方に貸すこと。「駐車場を賃貸する」⇔賃借。 デジタル大辞泉 · the formal rent verb · the rent frame is rent · 貸す
来週返しますから，３０００円貸してくれませんか。 · 教科書を忘れたので友だちに貸してもらった。 国立国語研究所 · KAMUS · 貸す · readings in parentheses on that page are omitted here · the head gloss pairs meminjamkan and menyewakan
14 （補助動詞）動詞の連用形に接続助詞「て」が付いた形に付いて、主体が動詞の表す行為を他者に対し恩恵として行う意を表す。「仕事を手伝って―・げる」 デジタル大辞泉 · 上げる sense 14 · the example is not 貸す
３ （補助動詞）㋐人が自分に、または自分の側の者に対して何かをすることを表す。「手伝って―・れる」 デジタル大辞泉 · 呉れる sense 3 · the example is not 貸す
Strings below are constructed, modelled on the printed lines, except where a tag says the line is printed. They are not spontaneous-speech citations and not dictionary lines. 友人 and 彼 are the participants the entries print. 友達 is IPAL’s noun type for the に of 貸す.
✓ 友人にお金を貸す
大辞泉 sense 1 · に Recipient · money is the Theme · no fee in this sense
✓ 銀行は彼に金を100万円貸した
IPAL #01 · 100万円 is Ｎ４φ · one money Theme · no price particle
✓ 本を一日貸す
大辞泉 sense 1 · 一日 has no particle · argument versus adjunct open
✓ 彼は友達から本を借りる
constructed · から is the Source · modelled on 友人から金を借りる and on the theme type 本
✓ 彼は友達に本を借りる
constructed · に is the Source · the case label writes ニ／カラ · the printed に line of that subentry has 知恵 · on 貸す this particle is the Recipient
✓ 低利で住宅資金を貸し付ける
大辞泉 · formal loan · no person in the example · IPAL lists the verb as a synonym of 貸す #01
✓ ３０００円貸してくれませんか
KAMUS · てくれる · no を and no に in the line · the favor reading is the auxiliary
✓ 友人に本を貸してあげる
constructed · てあげる is 大辞泉’s auxiliary attachment · the に is the Recipient of 貸す · a second beneficiary is unprinted
* 友人を本を貸す
constructed · two を · the printed person is に
The particles do not add a participant the lemma has not already assigned. The auxiliary does not add one inside the case frame.
に is the Recipient on 貸す. 友人に and 彼に put that particle on the person who receives the thing. 友達 in the case frame’s noun list is the same place. A second を is the starred line.
に and から are the Source on 借りる. The case label writes both. The money sentences print から. The lemma chooses the role. The particle に does not, by itself, choose the Recipient. English from chooses the source by a different preposition from to. French à uses one preposition for both roles, on two lemmas. Japanese に uses one particle for both roles, on two lemmas, and から is available for the Source.
The pair is two lemmas. デジタル大辞泉 prints the converse arrow on each article. IPAL prints 借りる as the antonym of the lend subentry. 貸す is a godan verb. 借りる is an ichidan verb. The labels are the dictionaries’. A time phrase in the same clause is not a label of that pair.
The fee is a reading of 貸す, not a third lemma beside lend and rent. Sense 1 has the returnable theme and no fee wording. Sense 2 names 使用料. 賃貸する names 賃料 and still glosses the act as 貸す. The rent page holds the price phrase.
The benefactive is outer. てあげる and てくれる attach to the ren’yōkei. KAMUS prints 貸してくれ and 貸してもらった. The favor is the auxiliary’s contribution. 友だちに on もらう is the person who lends.
Each sketch is a working drawing, not a locked analysis. The point of the drawing is one Theme in を, a Recipient in に on 貸す, and a converse lemma whose Source is に or から. Open one sketch at a time. The low ApplHAVE claim is the same working claim as on pay and 払う, and it stays revisable.
Constructed names on printed particles · the borrower is another lemma
[VoiceP 銀行 Voice ← Lender = Spec,Voice of 貸す · が … lend numeration of 貸す … ] [VoiceP 彼 Voice ← Borrower = Spec,Voice of 借りる · が … not the numeration of 貸す … ]
✓ 銀行は彼に金を100万円貸した IPAL
✓ 彼は銀行から金を100万円借りた IPAL
English puts the two external arguments on lend and borrow. German puts both on leihen. Spanish puts the lender on prestar and the borrower on a periphrasis. French puts the borrower on emprunter. Russian puts the borrower on занять. 貸す has the lender. 借りる has the borrower.
One Recipient · に · inside the single verb domain · one Theme in を
[VoiceP 銀行 Voice
[ApplP_LOW [彼]_に Appl_HAVE ← Recipient · HAVE the theme
[VP √貸
[Theme 金 ]_を ← 大辞泉 お金 · IPAL 金
[Quantity 100万円 ]_φ ]]] ← IPAL Ｎ４ · measures 金 · one or the other quantity, inside the Theme
The converse lemma, working and revisable, does not reuse that Recipient. The に phrase and the から phrase are the Source. The particle is the same に. The role follows the lemma.
[VoiceP 彼 Voice
[VP √借
[Theme 本 / 金 ]_を
[PP に [ 友達 ]] ← Source · ニ of Ｎ２ニ／カラ
[PP から [ 友達 ]]]] ← Source · カラ · one of the two, not both
← 大辞泉 prints から with 金
← 友達に本を借りる is constructed
✓ 友人に 大辞泉 · lend frame · Recipient
✓ 銀行から IPAL · 借りる · Source
* 友人を本を貸す constructed · the Recipient is not a second を
One object when the Theme is money · the rental price is not that object
[Theme [ お金 ] ]_を ← 大辞泉 sense 1 · お金を貸す [Theme [ 金 ] [ 100万円 ]_φ ]_を ← IPAL · 100万円 has no particle 使用料をとって ← 大辞泉 sense 2 · the fee wording · no numeral 月五万円で ← constructed on the rent page · Consideration · で 低利で ← 大辞泉 · 貸し付ける · a rate on the formal loan verb 一日 ← 大辞泉 · 本を一日貸す · argument vs adjunct open
✓ 金を100万円 IPAL · one money theme
✓ 使用料をとって 大辞泉 sense 2 · the rent reading
✓ 月五万円で constructed · rent · 貸す
お金 = the Theme. 100万円 measures that Theme and takes no particle of its own. 月五万円で = a price for the use of something else, the apartment on the rent page. The two amounts are different seats. Sense 1 does not print the price. 低利で is printed on 貸し付ける, not on the sense 1 examples of 貸す. 一日 is a filled time phrase. It is not given a MeasureP, and it is not classified as an argument or as an adjunct.
Working · no English lend page is opened · the rent page is 貸す · German leihen · Spanish prestar · French prêter · Russian одолжить
[VoiceP Pat Voice ← Lender
[ApplP_LOW Chris Appl_HAVE ← Recipient
[VP √LEND
[Theme the book ]]]] ← English lend Chris the book / lend the book to Chris
· Japanese: に Recipient · を Theme
· 借りる: the same に is the Source, or から
[VoiceP Pat Voice ← English rent is another lemma
[VP √RENT
[Theme the apartment ]
[PP for 50,000 yen a month ]]] ← Consideration is required for the English lemma split
· Japanese: still 貸す · 使用料 is sense 2
· 月五万円で is the constructed で price
· 賃貸する is the formal name
English keeps lend and borrow on two verbs, keeps the source preposition separative, and keeps rent on a third verb. Japanese keeps lend and borrow on 貸す and 借りる, lets に flip with the lemma, and keeps rent on 貸す by adding the fee. German prints both directions on leihen and prints rent on vermieten. Spanish prints the lender on prestar. French prints à for both the Recipient and the Source, on two lemmas, and prints rent on louer. Russian prints the Source as у plus genitive. 貸してあげる and 貸してくれる stay outside the case frame. The effort senses stay off this drawing.
| Layer | lend (EN) · no page | borrow (EN) · no page | rent (EN) · no page | 貸す | 借りる |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spec,Voice | Lender | Borrower | either party, on one English verb | Lender · が | Borrower · が · a converse lemma |
| other party | bare object, or to | from | to or from, by the direction | に Recipient | に or から Source · the に flips |
| object | the theme | the theme | the property | を · money in sense 1 is this object · 100万円 measures it | を |
| price | unprinted as a piece of lend · a rate, where the sibling pages print one, stays on the lend verb | unprinted | for + MeasureP · this is what makes the lemma rent | absent in sense 1 · sense 2 使用料をとって · で price on the rent page · 賃貸する for the formal fee | sense 2 使用料を払って |
| outer layer | unasserted | unasserted | unasserted | てあげる / てくれる · KAMUS prints てくれ and てもらった | the に of 貸してもらう is the lender |
On 貸す, the friend or the bank’s customer comes to HAVE the money, or the book, for the stretch the entries call a period. This page quotes that wording and does not add a further label. On 払う, the money can be the amount and a phrase can be Consideration. On sense 1 of 貸す the money is the Theme. On sense 2 the fee is the Consideration, and the apartment is the Theme. On the rent page the lessor is the subject of the same 貸す, and the price is the optional piece this lend frame leaves out.
Working paper · October 2026 · Japanese micro-entry · Beyond Index 2
Temporary transfer in Japanese: one lender-side verb, and a converse lemma for the other direction. Lender (が subject of 貸す), Recipient (に), Theme (を). 借りる has the borrower as subject and the source in に or から. The same に is the Recipient on 貸す and the Source on 借りる. お金を貸す has the money as Theme. 100万円 measures that Theme and has no particle. 貸し付ける is the formal loan, with 低利で. 貸してあげる and 貸してくれる are benefactive auxiliaries. English lend and rent are separate lemmas. Japanese keeps both on 貸す, and the fee is the optional piece. 賃貸する is formal rent.
Not a flat grid of sisters. A flat grid would give the verb two objects, or one に that means the Recipient on both lemmas. 貸す shows one Theme in を, and a Recipient in に.
お金 = one object. See the MeasureP sketch. 100万円 measures that object and has no particle. 使用料 and 月五万円で are the fee of the other reading. They are not a second object of sense 1.
What Japanese shows, against the English gloss, is where the direction lives and where the payment lives. English uses lend or borrow, and from is separative, and English uses rent when the use is paid. Japanese uses 貸す for the lender and 借りる for the borrower. The Source is に or から, so the に-phrase is the Recipient of 貸す and the Source of 借りる. The paid reading stays on 貸す. The optional Consideration is the piece English spells as another lemma.
In the printed 銀行は彼に金を100万円貸した, the recipient comes to HAVE the money. The definitions name a period of use, with return. This page quotes that wording and does not add a further label.
Dictionary frames: デジタル大辞泉, as Kotobank prints it, 貸す, 借りる, 貸付ける, 上げる, 呉れる, and 賃貸. IPAL basic verbs, 貸す #01 and #02, 借りる #01. KAMUS, the 貸す item. Constructed clauses are 友達に本を借りる, 友達から本を借りる, 友人に本を貸してあげる, and the starred double を. 月五万円で is cited from the rent page, where it is already marked constructed. Index 2 does not list 貸す under a transfer class.
Records the Lender in が, the Recipient in に, and the Theme in を. Records 借りる as the converse lemma, with に or から as Source, so that に flips role. Records お金を貸す with money as the Theme, and 貸し付ける as the formal loan. Records 貸してあげる and 貸してくれる as benefactive auxiliaries. Records the fee as the optional piece that separates this frame from the rent reading of the same verb, against English lend and rent as separate lemmas.