Arguments

Teacher, Learner, Content · case by lemma · Russian cloth · working claim, revisable

Voice[Teacher] + low Appl(Learner) + complement of the root (Content)

учить / научить · LearnerACC · ContentDAT or an infinitive

учить + ContentACC, no Learner · the subject studies or memorizes · the subject is the learner-side reading

обучать / обучить · LearnerACC · ContentDAT or an infinitive

преподавать · ContentACC · LearnerDAT

учиться / научиться · LearnerNOM · ContentDAT or an infinitive · teacher-source у+genitive

A teaching, on the first reading of учить, has a Teacher, a Learner, and a Content. They are not three equal sisters of one flat verb. Voice adds the Teacher. Low Appl introduces the Learner. The root’s complement is the Content: a dative noun phrase, or, where a dictionary prints one, an infinitive. Ozhegov’s government of sense 1 is кого (что) чему и с неопр. Kuznetsov’s government of sense 1 is кого (чему или с инф.). Ushakov’s government is кого-что чему, с инф. и без доп. The Learner is the accusative. The Content is the dative, or the infinitive that those entries pair with the dative.

What is different from the English gloss. English teach someone something is two bare objects. учить is not that double object. The person who is taught is accusative, and the skill or subject is dative. Ushakov quotes Pushkin, Учит азбуке детей: азбуке is dative, детей is accusative. Russian Wiktionary’s example is она будет вас учить русскому языку: вас is accusative, русскому языку is dative. English Wiktionary states the same frame: accusative ‘someone’, along with dative ‘a skill, principle, etc.’ or an infinitive. Spanish enseñar, in the nominal frame, and German beibringen put the Learner in the dative and the Content in the accusative. учить reverses those two cases.

The infinitive. Ozhegov prints the infinitive beside the dative in one government, and fills both: У. играть (игре) в шахматы, У. стрельбе (стрелять). Kuznetsov prints У. читать и писать and У. ходить на лыжах under the same sense as У. музыке. On научить, Kuznetsov’s government is (кого) чему или с инф., and the infinitive line is Н. читать, плавать, кататься на коньках. Она научила меня играть в шахматы fills the accusative Learner and the infinitive in one clause.

The same lemma, the learner as subject. Ozhegov sense 5 is что. Занимаясь, усваивать, запоминать, with У. урок, У. стихи наизусть, У. роль. Sense 3 is colloquial то же, что изучать, У. иностранные языки. Kuznetsov sense 8 is что, Повторяя, запоминать, усваивать, У. урок, У. басню наизусть, У. ботанику, историю. Russian Wiktionary sense 2 is изучать, учить сопромат, and sense 3 is learning by heart, учить стихотворение. In these senses the accusative is the Content, and there is no second argument for a Learner. The nominative subject is the one who studies or memorizes. The teaching sense had that person in the accusative, and the Teacher in the nominative. The lemma’s subject changes with the sense.

обучать / обучить. The case frame matches teaching учить. Ushakov: кого-что чему и с инф., Обучить столярному ремеслу, Обучить мальчика ездить на велосипеде, and the definition сообщить кому-нибудь систему знаний, навыков в какой-нибудь области. Kuznetsov: кого, О. ремеслу, О. французскому языку, О. стрелять из винтовки, imperfective Обучать. Ozhegov’s обучать is кого (что). То же, что учить (в 1 знач.), example О. ремеслу. English Wiktionary gives обучить the same accusative-plus-dative or infinitive frame as учить, and the same gloss note, often outside an academic setting. A bookish label is not printed on these two articles. Ushakov prints книж. on преподавать.

преподавать. The cases are the other way around. Ushakov sense 1: что кому-чему, Преподавать русский язык студентам литературного отделения. The subject taught is accusative. The students are dative. Ozhegov’s teaching article is несов., что, П. историю, П. в университете. Kuznetsov sense 2 is что, П. студентам теоретическую механику, П. литературу в школе. That accusative Content and dative Learner is the frame of Spanish enseñar and of German beibringen. It is the reverse of учить.

учиться / научиться. The Learner is the nominative subject. Russian Wiktionary calls учиться intransitive and reflexive, and lists it as the conversive antonym of teaching учить. Ozhegov sense 1 is чему и с неопр., У. математике, У. рисованию (рисовать), and the teacher-source У. у мастера. Kuznetsov prints У. музыке, У. читать и писать, and У. у своего мастера, тренера. English Wiktionary sense 2 is dative or infinitive, and the у line is Он учится у своих друзей. The Content is dative. The person one learns from is genitive after у. That у is not the dative Learner of преподавать, and it is not the accusative Learner of учить.

Places · who wears which marking

No entry opened here stacks a named Teacher, a full-DP Learner, a dative Content, and an infinitive in one clause. Pushkin’s line, as Ushakov prints it, has the dative and the accusative and no infinitive. Kuznetsov’s Н. читать, плавать has infinitives and no Learner. The clause that puts Kuznetsov’s детей and музыке in one sentence is constructed on those two examples and on Pushkin’s combined line.

Printed teaching frame · accusative Learner · dative Content

✓ Учит азбуке детей. Ushakov · учить sense 1 · Pushkin · азбуке dative · детей accusative

✓ Дети, это Нина Ивановна, она будет вас учить русскому языку. Russian Wiktionary · учить sense 1 · вас accusative · русскому языку dative

teaches the children the alphabet · she will teach you Russian

Printed infinitive · научить

✓ Н. читать, плавать, кататься на коньках. Kuznetsov · научить sense 1 · чему или с инф. · no Learner in this line

✓ Она научила меня играть в шахматы. Kuznetsov · accusative меня · infinitive

teach to read, to swim, to skate · she taught me to play chess

Printed study and memorize readings · accusative Content · no Learner

✓ У. стихи наизусть. У. урок. У. роль. Ozhegov · учить sense 5 · что · memorize

✓ Следующие три дня перед экзаменом буду усиленно учить сопромат. Russian Wiktionary · sense 2 · изучать · accusative сопромат

memorize poems, a lesson, a part · study strength of materials

Places of Russian учить and the neighbouring teach verbs: introducer, marking, case status, English, Spanish, and German marking
PlaceIntroduced by (working)Russian markingCase statusEnglish, Spanish, and German marking
Teacher · учитьSpec,Voicenominative subject of teaching учить / научитьOzhegov учу, учишь, imperfective · perfectives named on that article: выучить, научить, обучить, by sensesubject of teach · subject of enseñar · subject of lehren, beibringen, and unterrichten
Learner · teaching учитьlow Applaccusative · Ozhegov кого (что) · Ushakov детей · Wiktionary вас · Kuznetsov меня on научитьthe person who is taught · a dative in this slot is unprinted on учитьbare object of teach someone something · dative of enseñar and of beibringen · accusative of lehren in the active norm
Content · teaching учитьcomplement of the rootdative · Ozhegov чему · русскому языку, стрельбе, азбуке · Kuznetsov музыке, грамотеthe skill or the subject · the opposite case from the accusative Content of enseñarbare object of something · accusative of enseñar and of beibringen · accusative or a bare infinitive of lehren
Content · infinitivethe infinitive in the same governmentOzhegov с неопр. · играть beside игре · стрелять beside стрельбе · Kuznetsov плавать, читать и писатьan alternative to the dative, printed in the same sense · плавать is Kuznetsov’s infinitive of научитьinfinitive of teach someone to … · Spanish a + infinitive · German bare infinitive of lehren
Subject of study / memorize учитьSpec,Voice of that sensenominative · the one who studies or memorizesOzhegov senses 3 and 5 · Kuznetsov sense 8 · Wiktionary senses 2 and 3 · no accusative Learner in these sensessubject of study / memorize · subject of aprender · not the Teacher of teach
Content of study / memorizecomplement of the rootaccusative · урок, стихи наизусть, сопромат, стихотворение, иностранные языкиOzhegov’s word for sense 5 is что · sense 3 is the colloquial изучать reading, also чтоobject of study / memorize · accusative of aprender when that verb is transitive
преподавать · Contentcomplement of the rootaccusative · Ushakov что · русский язык, физику · Ozhegov историю · Kuznetsov теоретическую механику, литературуthe subject taught · this is the English-like object, and the reverse of the dative Content of учитьaccusative Content of enseñar and of beibringen
преподавать · Learnerlow Appldative · Ushakov кому-чему · студентам · Kuznetsov студентамOzhegov’s П. историю and П. в университете do not fill this dative · the place в + prepositional is not the Learnerdative Learner of enseñar and of beibringen
учиться · LearnerSpec,Voice of the reflexivenominative subject · Russian Wiktionary непереходный, возвратныйthe conversive antonym of teaching учить, in that article’s antonym line · not an accusative objectsubject of aprender · subject of German lernen, unpaged
учиться · Contentdative complementматематике, музыке, рисованию · or an infinitiveOzhegov чему и с неопр. · Kuznetsov У. музыкеaccusative or a-infinitive of the Spanish learner-side verb · not a second object of teach
Teacher-sourceу + genitiveOzhegov У. у мастера · Kuznetsov у своего мастера, тренера · English Wiktionary у своих друзейgenitive after у · Ushakov’s figurative line is учиться у масс · not a dativeSpanish de of the person one learns from · not the dative Learner of enseñar

Marking map. One case can belong to several heads. Read the lemma, then the marker.

EN ⇄ RU valency strip

Each row lines up one English slot with a Russian slot, and names the Spanish or German slot where the case differs. The alignment type says what happens to the slot: = (same object status), or shift (a bare English object ↔ a Russian case). Printed dictionary lines come first. Every other Russian sentence is constructed, modelled on a printed line. They show the working alignment, not frequency, and not a bilingual corpus.

English–Russian valency alignment for teach / учить, one row per argument
SlotEN formRU formAlignEN exampleRU example
TeacherSUBJ of teachnominative subject of teaching учить=she teaches me English gloss of the Wiktionary lineОна учит меня английскому языку English Wiktionary
Learner · учитьbare object of teach someone somethingaccusative · кого (что)shift · one Russian accusative · Spanish and German beibringen use a dative hereteach the children the alphabet gloss of Pushkinдетей Ushakov · Pushkin · вас Russian Wiktionary
Content · учитьbare somethingdative · чемуshift · the Content is dative · Spanish enseñar and German beibringen put this in the accusativethe alphabet · music glossesазбуке Ushakov · У. музыке Kuznetsov
Infinitiveto swim / to readbare infinitive, paired with a dative in Ozhegovshift · Russian prints no а · Spanish prints ateach to swim glossплавать Kuznetsov · научить · играть (игре) Ozhegov
Study / memorizesubject of study or memorizenominative subject · accusative Content · no Learnerthe subject is the learner-side reading of the same lemmamemorize a lesson glossУ. урок Ozhegov sense 5 · учить сопромат Russian Wiktionary sense 2
преподаватьtwo bare objectsaccusative Content · dative Learnershift on both · this pair matches enseñar, and it reverses учитьteach the students Russian gloss of Ushakovрусский язык студентам Ushakov · П. историю Ozhegov · no dative in that line
учитьсяsubject of learnnominative Learner · dative Content · у+genitive of the teacherthe Learner has left the object slotlearn music from a master glossУ. музыке Kuznetsov · У. у мастера Ozhegov
Two bare objectsthe English double object has no case endingaccusative Learner beside an accusative Contentunprinted · the Content of teaching учить is dative—* Учу детей музыку. constructed · музыку is accusative · the printed Content is музыке
Dative Learner of учитьbare object, or todative of the person on учитьunprinted · that dative is the Learner of преподавать, and the Content of учить—* Учу детям музыку. constructed · swaps the cases of учить · this is the enseñar pattern, printed on преподавать

The strip below is a set of small multiples. Each card holds one frame. The subject chip is the Teacher when the clause has one, and the learner-side subject when the sense is study, memorize, or учиться.

EN · RU · accusative Learner

кого + dative

She teaches me Russian.

Она будет вас учить русскому языку.

RU · Russian Wiktionary · вас accusative · русскому языку dative

RolesHide roles LearnerContent
Learner вас · accusative Content русскому языку · dative

Move Spanish enseñar and German beibringen put the Learner in the dative and the Content in the accusative

RU · infinitive

научить + плавать

teach to swim

Научить читать, плавать, кататься на коньках.

RU · Kuznetsov · с инф. · the Learner is unfilled in this line · Она научила меня играть в шахматы fills it

RolesHide roles Content
Content плавать · infinitive

Move Ozhegov also prints the dative of the same skill · играть (игре) · стрельбе (стрелять)

RU · study / memorize

что · no Learner

memorize the poems · study the lesson

Учить стихи наизусть. Учить урок.

RU · Ozhegov sense 5 · accusative Content · the subject is the one who memorizes

RolesHide roles SubjectContent
Subject the learner-side reading Content стихи · урок · accusative

Move the Teacher is not the subject of this sense · Wiktionary sense 2 is учить сопромат

RU · преподавать

accusative + dative

teach the literature students Russian

Преподавать русский язык студентам литературного отделения.

RU · Ushakov sense 1 · что кому-чему · книж. · the enseñar case pair

RolesHide roles ContentLearner
Content русский язык · accusative Learner студентам · dative

Move the reverse of учить · German beibringen is this dative Learner and this accusative Content

RU · учиться

nominative + у+genitive

learn music from a master

Учиться музыке. Учиться у мастера.

RU · Kuznetsov У. музыке · Ozhegov У. у мастера · the two lines are separate examples

RolesHide roles LearnerContent
Learner nominative subject Content музыке · dative · source у мастера

Move Russian Wiktionary lists учиться as the conversive antonym of teaching учить

RU · swapped cases

DAT Learner ≠ учить

—

* Учу детям музыку.

RU constructed · starred · dative Learner and accusative Content · that pair is преподавать, not the government of учить

RolesHide roles LearnerContent
Learner детям · dative Content музыку · accusative

Move the printed teaching line is детей and музыке, or Pushkin’s азбуке детей

Examples

Argument difference. English teach someone something is one gloss with two bare objects. Russian учить and научить put the Learner in the accusative and the Content in the dative, or replace that dative with an infinitive. Spanish enseñar and German beibringen put the Learner in the dative and the Content in the accusative. преподавать follows that second pattern: Ushakov’s что кому-чему, accusative Content, dative Learner. An accusative Content of учить with no Learner is a different sense, and the subject of that sense is the one who studies or memorizes. учиться keeps the Learner as the nominative subject, the Content in the dative, and the teacher in у plus genitive.

Dictionary frames and lines · checked · quoted as printed

  1. кого (что) чему и с неопр. У. русскому языку. У. играть (игре) в шахматы. У. стрельбе (стрелять). Ozhegov · учить 1
  2. что. У. урок. У. стихи наизусть. У. роль. Ozhegov · учить 5 · memorize · У. иностранные языки. sense 3 · изучать · colloquial
  3. кого (чему или с инф.). У. детей, студентов, иностранцев. У. музыке. У. читать и писать. Kuznetsov · учить 1 · the Learner and the dative are separate examples
  4. (кого) чему или с инф. Н. читать, плавать, кататься на коньках. Она научила меня играть в шахматы. Kuznetsov · научить 1
  5. Учит азбуке детей. Ushakov · Pushkin · она будет вас учить русскому языку. Russian Wiktionary
  6. кого-что чему и с инф. Обучить столярному ремеслу. Обучить мальчика ездить на велосипеде. Ushakov · обучить · О. стрелять из винтовки. Kuznetsov
  7. что кому-чему. Преподавать русский язык студентам литературного отделения. Ushakov · преподавать 1 · книж. · П. историю. Ozhegov · П. студентам теоретическую механику. Kuznetsov
  8. чему и с неопр. У. математике. У. у мастера. Ozhegov · учиться 1 · У. музыке. У. у своего мастера, тренера. Kuznetsov

The blocks below open one argument at a time. A line with no tag is the working name of the slot. A constructed sentence wears constructed.

Learner · accusativeHide the accusative Learner Learner

✓ Учу детей музыке. constructed · Kuznetsov prints У. детей and У. музыке as separate examples · Pushkin’s combined line is азбуке детей

The Learner is accusative. The Content is dative. That is the reverse of the nominal frame of enseñar.

Content · dative or infinitiveHide the Content Content

✓ Научить плавать. Kuznetsov · infinitive · Learner unfilled

✓ У. стрельбе (стрелять). Ozhegov · dative and infinitive of one skill

преподавать · the other case pairHide преподавать ContentLearner

✓ Преподавать историю студентам. constructed · историю is Ozhegov · студентам is Ushakov and Kuznetsov · the two words are not one printed example

The Content is accusative. The Learner is dative. This is the frame учить does not print.

Voice

Kuznetsov’s cross-reference under учить is Учиться, -ится; страд. The учиться article opened from that dictionary is the learner-subject verb: dative Content, infinitive, у plus genitive. Its examples are not passive clauses with a Teacher as agent. No passive sentence that promotes the accusative Learner of учить, or the dative Content of учить, is printed in the articles opened. Nothing of that shape is constructed.

Kuznetsov prints a passive of преподавать: Преподаваться, -даётся; страд. The examples promote the Content: В средневековье все науки преподавались на латинском языке, В училище преподаются и живопись, и рисование, и лепка. The dative Learner is not the subject of those lines. Kuznetsov also prints Обучаться, -ается; страд. under обучить, with no clause attached to that label in the article. Ushakov’s обучать line is Ostrovsky, С малолетства геройству не обучают, a third-person plural with no named subject in the citation. It is not a passive of the Learner.

The aspect labels stay morphological. Ozhegov heads teaching учить as несов. and names научить and обучить among the perfective partners of that sense. обучать is the imperfective Kuznetsov and Ushakov give for обучить. Ozhegov’s teaching paragraph of преподавать is headed несов. and names no perfective there. The perfective преподать is the advice entry. English Wiktionary pairs преподавать with преподать and does not make that sense split. The labels несов. and сов., and Wiktionary’s imperfective and perfective, are the names of those pairs.

Derivations · working sketches, revisable

Each sketch is a working drawing, not a locked analysis. The drawing gives the Teacher to Voice, the Learner to low Appl, and the Content to the root. On the study and memorize senses, and on учиться, the nominative is the learner-side subject. Open one sketch at a time. Which theta role is the object is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.

Voice · the Teacher is the external argument of teaching учить

Constructed · one external argument · teaching sense

[TP [учу]
  [VoiceP Voice                     ← Teacher = Spec,Voice
    … учить … ]]

✓ Учу детей музыке. constructed

The external argument of this sense is the Teacher. The study and memorize senses use that same nominative slot for the person who acquires the Content.

Low Appl · the Learner · the root takes the Content

Teaching учить · accusative Learner · dative Content

[VoiceP Voice
  [ApplP_LOW [детей]_ACC Appl          ← Learner · accusative
    [VP √уч-
       [Content музыке ]_DAT ]]]        ← Content · dative

The infinitive is the other printed complement of the same sense.

[VoiceP Voice
  [ApplP_LOW [меня]_ACC Appl
    [VP √науч-
       [Content играть ]]]]             ← infinitive · Kuznetsov

✓ Учит азбуке детей. Ushakov · dative Content · accusative Learner

✓ Н. читать, плавать. Kuznetsov · infinitive

* Учу детям музыку. constructed · those cases belong to преподавать

English, Spanish, and German · one gloss, not one case frame

Working · no English teach page is opened · Spanish is teach-es.html · German is teach-de.html

[VoiceP Voice                                  ← Teacher
  [ApplP_LOW someone Appl                     ← EN bare object
    [VP √TEACH                                · RU учить: accusative
       [Content something ]]]]                · RU учить: dative
                                              · RU преподавать: dative Learner, accusative Content
                                              · ES enseñar: dative Learner, accusative Content
                                              · DE beibringen: jdm etw

учить matches the accusative Learner of German lehren and does not match that verb’s accusative Content. преподавать matches the dative Learner and the accusative Content of enseñar and of beibringen.

Layer-by-layer parallel: English teach, Russian учить, Russian преподавать, Spanish enseñar, German beibringen
Layerteach (EN) · no pageучитьпреподаватьenseñar / beibringen
Spec,VoiceTeacherTeacher, in the teaching senseTeacherTeacher
Learnerbare objectaccusativedativedative
Contentbare object, or an infinitivedative, or an infinitiveaccusativeaccusative
Learner as subjectstudy / learn are other verbsthe study and memorize senses of this lemma · and учитьсяunprinted as a second sense of this shapeaprender · German lernen is not this page
Notes

Working paper · October 2026 · Russian micro-entry · Beyond Index 2

Teaching in Russian is not the English double object, and it is not one case frame. Teacher (Voice, subject), Learner (low Appl), Content (complement of the root). On учить / научить the Learner is accusative and the Content is dative, or the Content is an infinitive. On преподавать the Content is accusative and the Learner is dative, as on Spanish enseñar and German beibringen. An accusative Content of учить with no Learner is the study or memorize reading, and the subject of that reading is the learner. учиться makes the Learner the subject.

RU micro-entry live Beyond Index 2 Case pair flips by lemma ES enseñar live DE lehren live HU tanít live JA 教える live FR enseigner live IT insegnare live PL uczyć live NL leren live NO lære live BG уча live ZH 教 live PT ensinar live

Sense × language: teach · Russian (учить / научить). The teaching sense is the page. The study and memorize senses stay on the page and off the teaching gloss. обучать / обучить, преподавать, and учиться stay notes. No English teach hub. Spanish: teach · enseñar. German: teach · lehren / beibringen / unterrichten. Hungarian: teach · tanít. Japanese: teach · 教える. French: teach · enseigner. Italian: teach · insegnare. Polish: teach · uczyć / nauczyć. Dutch: teach · leren. Norwegian: teach · lære. Bulgarian: teach · уча / науча. Mandarin: teach · 教. Portuguese: teach · ensinar. Geometry neighbors: lend · одолжить · rent · сдавать. Index 2 does not list Russian учить.

Working paper. Russian-only micro-entry. Frames were checked on Ozhegov and Shvedova (учить, обучать, преподавать, преподать, учиться), on Kuznetsov’s Большой толковый словарь (учить, научить, обучить, обучать, преподавать, учиться), on Ushakov (учить, обучить, обучать, преподавать, учиться), and on Russian and English Wiktionary.
Constructed examples. Pushkin’s line, the Wiktionary clauses, and the dictionary governments are marked as printed. Учу детей музыке, Обучить солдат стрельбе, and Преподавать историю студентам are marked constructed. The starred swaps, accusative музыку and dative детям on учить, are marked constructed.
Arity. Index 2 does not list учить. Surface count can name a teacher, a learner, and a content. The lexicon does not list three co-arguments of one flat V, and it does not list the English double object as the Russian frame. Voice adds the Teacher. Low Appl adds the Learner. The root takes the Content. The object inside an infinitive is not a further sister of учить.
What this page does not do. It does not give учить the dative Learner of преподавать. It does not treat the study and memorize senses as the teaching frame. It does not open a page for обучать, преподавать, or учиться. It does not quote Beyer. The aspect labels stay the names of the morphological pairs.

Hierarchy

Not a flat grid of three sisters, and not the English double object copied onto one Russian verb. Voice adds the Teacher. Low Appl adds the Learner. The root takes the Content.

What Russian changes, against teach someone something, is the case of each object, and which lemma carries which case. учить and обучить put the Learner in the accusative and the Content in the dative. преподавать puts the Content in the accusative and the Learner in the dative. The second pair is the one Spanish enseñar and German beibringen print. The first pair is the reverse.

Geometry · учить beside enseñar and beibringen

  • English teach. Two bare objects in the gloss teach someone something. No English page is opened.
  • учить / научить. Accusative Learner, dative Content, or an infinitive. Accusative Content and no Learner: the subject studies or memorizes.
  • обучать / обучить. The same accusative Learner and dative Content. Ushakov’s definition is a system of knowledge and skills in some field. Ozhegov prints то же, что учить in sense 1.
  • преподавать. Accusative Content, dative Learner. Ushakov’s label is книж. This is the case pair of enseñar.
  • учиться / научиться. Learner as nominative subject. Content dative, or an infinitive. Teacher-source у plus genitive.
  • enseñar. Dative Learner, accusative Content. The match for преподавать. The reverse of учить.
  • beibringen. Dative Learner, accusative Content. The same match. lehren’s active norm is two accusatives. учить shares the accusative Learner with that norm and keeps the Content in the dative.

Open items

  • Учу детей музыке as one printed line. Unprinted. Kuznetsov prints the two pieces separately. Pushkin’s combined line is азбуке детей. The music clause stays constructed.
  • Обучить солдат стрельбе. Unprinted as one example. The government is Ushakov’s кого-что чему. Kuznetsov prints О. стрелять из винтовки. The soldiers clause stays constructed.
  • Преподавать историю студентам as one printed line. Unprinted. Ozhegov prints историю without студентам. Ushakov prints студентам with русский язык.
  • A plural уроки. Unprinted. The printed lesson is урок.
  • Passive of the accusative Learner of учить. Unprinted. Not constructed. The printed passive examples are Kuznetsov’s преподаваться lines, and they promote the Content.
  • Beyer. Not opened. No sentence from 501 Russian Verbs is quoted. The forms named here are the dictionary tables.

Corpus filenames and sources checked

Dictionary frames: Ozhegov and Shvedova; Kuznetsov, Большой толковый словарь русского языка; Ushakov; Russian Wiktionary; English Wiktionary. Literary lines are quoted only as those entries print them. Pushkin’s Учит азбуке детей is Ushakov’s citation. Kuznetsov’s Мы все учились понемногу is that entry’s Pushkin line, on учиться, and it does not fill a teacher-phrase. Constructed clauses put a printed accusative Learner on a printed dative Content, or a printed dative Learner on a printed accusative Content of преподавать. Barron’s 501 Russian Verbs (Beyer) was not opened. Index 2 does not list учить.

Records the accusative Learner and the dative Content of учить, the infinitive of научить, the learner-side accusative of the study and memorize senses, the accusative Content and dative Learner of преподавать, and the nominative Learner of учиться. Does not open a second page for преподавать.