teach · Japanese (教える) — Event-Structure Dictionary

Arguments

Teacher, Learner, Content · に and を · Japanese cloth · working claim, revisable

Voice[Teacher] + low Appl(Learner) + complement of the root (Content)

教える · Teacher_NOM (が) · Learner_DAT (に) · Content_ACC (を)

教える · Learner_ACC (を) only in a clause that prints no Content · 三年生を教えている

教える · tell / show · the same に and を · the English gloss is tell, show, or give

教わる · Learner_NOM · Teacher に · Content を or は · the two complements are printed in different clauses

習う · sense 2 · Teacher から · Content を · 父から将棋を習う · sense 1 is practice and prints no teacher

指導する · person を · 人を指導する立場 · 導く prints 生徒を導く

A teaching, on 教える, has a Teacher, a Learner, and a Content. They are not three equal sisters of one flat verb. Voice adds the Teacher. Low Appl introduces the Learner. The root’s complement is the Content. デジタル大辞泉 sense 1 is 知識・学問・技能などを相手に身につけさせるよう導く. The filled lines are 「英語を―・える」「イヌに芸を―・える」「学校では三年生を―・えている」. The verb is written with the dictionary’s dash. Read as full words, those lines are 英語を教える, イヌに芸を教える, and 学校では三年生を教えている. The headword is ［動ア下一］.

What is different from the English gloss. English teach someone something is two bare objects. 教える is not that double object. In the clause that fills both complements, the Learner is に and the Content is を. イヌに芸を教える is that pair. プログレッシブ和英中辞典 prints the same pair on the lesson line, 彼に英語を個人的に教えている, and glosses it “I give him private lessons in English” and “I tutor him privately in English.” No article opened here prints the Learner in を in the same clause as an overt Content.

Where the siblings diverge. に of the Learner and を of the Content is the cloth of German beibringen (jemandem etwas beibringen), of Spanish enseñar, of Russian преподавать, and of frame (b) of Hungarian tanít. Russian учить / научить puts the Learner in the accusative and the Content in the dative. Frame (a) of tanít also puts the Learner in the accusative, and the Content is sublative. The active norm of lehren is two accusatives. 教える does not print that accusative Learner beside an overt Content. The one printed Learner in を is 学校では三年生を教えている, and that clause has no Content.

The tell / show sense. デジタル大辞泉 sense 2 is 知っていることを相手に告げ知らせる, with 「道を―・える」「花の名所を―・える」. The particles are the same を, and プログレッシブ和英中辞典 sense ❷ fills the Learner as well: 人に道を教える. The English of that sense is not teach. Progressive heads it 〔告げる〕 tell and 〔示す〕 show, and glosses 人に道を教える as “direct a person” and “show a person the way.” 電話番号を教えて下さい is “Please give me your phone number” and “May I have your phone number.” 駅への道を教えて下さい is “Please tell me how to get to the station.” 研究社新和英中辞典 sense 2 glosses 道を教える as “tell [show] somebody the way,” and its note says tell is by words, show is by drawing a map or by guiding, and direct covers both. この機械の操作を教えて下さい is “Please show me how to operate this machine.” どうしたらいいのか教えて下さい is “Tell me what to do, please.” Inside the skill sense, Progressive also glosses このクッキーの作りかたを教えてください as “Please give me the recipe” and “Please show me how to make these cookies.”

教わる. The Learner is the subject. デジタル大辞泉 defines it 教えを受ける。教えてもらう, class ［動ラ五（四）］, and prints 「小学校で―・った先生」「やり方を―・る」. 先生 is the head of a relative clause. で is the place. やり方を is the Content. Progressive prints the teacher in に in a different clause: 算数は上田先生に教わった, “Mr. Ueda taught me arithmetic.” The Content there is は, not を. 水泳を教わった is “I learned [was taught] how to swim,” and that clause prints no teacher. 研究社新和英中辞典 prints ドイツ語はだれに教わったのですか, “Who taught you German?” 私の電話番号をどこで教わったのですか is “Where did you get my phone number?” The English is get, and the place is どこで. The English frames “be taught history by Mr. A” and “learn English from Mr. B” are gloss cloths. They are not Japanese から. A clause that stacks a teacher in から and a Content in を on 教わる is unprinted. 日本国語大辞典 sense ② defines the inform reading as 他人から知らせてもらう. The example, 教(ヲソハ)りし門へ往, does not fill a teacher phrase. This is the learner-subject counterpart of Hungarian tanul and of Russian учиться. The printed teacher marker on 教わる is に.

習う. デジタル大辞泉 sense 1 is practice: 教わったことを繰り返し練習して身につける。けいこする, and the line 「夜ふけに一人でダンスのステップを―・う」 has no teacher. Sense 2 is 知識や技術などの教えを受ける。教わる。学ぶ, and it prints 「父から将棋を―・う」. That is teacher から and Content を in one clause. The dictionaries’ distinction is that split of sense, not a finer particle rule. 教わる lists 習う among its 類語. 日本国語大辞典 sense ① of 教わる glosses 習う. Progressive’s teacher phrase on 習う is について and のもとで: だれについて英語を習ったのですか, 山田夫人のもとで踊りを習った. 研究社新和英中辞典 prints …について英語を習う, “study English under [learn English from] somebody.” に of a teacher on 習う is unprinted in the articles opened.

指導する. デジタル大辞泉指導 is ［名］(スル). Sense 1 is ある目的・方向に向かって教え導くこと, and the person line is 「人を指導する立場」. The person is を. 導く sense 2 is 正しい方向に手引きをする。指導する, and the line is 「生徒を―・く」. デジタル大辞泉 lists 指導する in the 類語 of 教える sense 1. 研究社新和英中辞典 puts 〈指導する〉 guide; coach in the English gloss row of 教える. That row is not the case frame of the verb 指導する. 生徒を指導する is unprinted. The printed person in を is 人を on 指導する, and 生徒を on 導く.

Places · who wears which marking

イヌに芸を教える and 彼に英語を個人的に教えている each print the Learner in に and the Content in を. 学校では三年生を教えている prints the Learner in を and prints no Content. No article opened here stacks を of a Learner and を of a Content in one clause.

Printed teaching frame · に Learner · を Content

✓ イヌに芸を教えるデジタル大辞泉 · sense 1 · printed 「イヌに芸を―・える」

✓ 彼に英語を個人的に教えているプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · sense ❶ · private lessons · tutor

teach a dog a trick · I give him private lessons in English · I tutor him privately in English

Printed Learner in を · no Content in the clause

✓ 学校では三年生を教えているデジタル大辞泉 · sense 1 · printed 「学校では三年生を―・えている」

at school, teaching the third-year class

Printed tell / show · same particles · English is not teach

✓ 人に道を教えるプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · sense ❷ · direct · show the way

✓ 電話番号を教えて下さいプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · sense ❷ · give · may I have

show a person the way · please give me your phone number

Places of Japanese 教える and the neighbouring teach verbs
Place	Introduced by (working)	Japanese marking	Case status	English and the sibling marking
Teacher · 教える	Spec,Voice	nominative subject · が	the subject of the teaching and tell senses · Progressive “He teaches chemistry” has the teacher as subject	subject of teach · subject of beibringen · subject of enseñar · subject of teaching учить and of tanít
Learner · both complements	low Appl	に · イヌに · 彼に · 人に	デジタル大辞泉イヌに芸を · Progressive 彼に英語を and 人に道を	dative Learner of beibringen, of enseñar, of преподавать, and of tanít frame (b)
Content	complement of the root	を · 芸を · 英語を · 道を · 電話番号を	the skill in sense 1 · the information in sense 2 · the same particle	accusative Content of beibringen · dative Content of учить · sublative Content of tanít frame (a)
Learner · no Content	low Appl	を · 三年生を	デジタル大辞泉 · the clause prints no Content	accusative Learner of учить and of tanít frame (a), which those siblings can pair with a Content
教わる · Learner	Spec,Voice of the learner-side verb	nominative subject	デジタル大辞泉教えを受ける · Progressive “I learned [was taught]”	subject of tanul · subject of учиться
教わる · Teacher	source of the learner-side verb	に · 上田先生に · だれに	printed beside は of the subject of study · a stacked から plus を is unprinted	ablative -tól/-től of tanul · у+genitive of учиться · the Japanese marker in the printed clauses is に
教わる · Content	complement of the root	を · 水泳を · やり方を · or は · 算数は · ドイツ語は	the を lines print no teacher · the に lines print は	accusative Content of tanul · dative Content of учиться
習う · Teacher	source	から · 父から · also について · のもとで	デジタル大辞泉 sense 2 · Progressive and Kenkyusha print について · に of the teacher is unprinted	ablative of tanul · the から line is the particle match
指導する · person	the guided person	を · 人を指導する立場	デジタル大辞泉 · 導く prints 生徒を導く and defines that sense as 指導する	accusative Learner of учить · 教える prints this を only when the clause has no Content

Marking map. Read the other complement, then the particle.

Nominative of the Teacher. The subject of 教える in senses 1 and 2 transmits the skill or the information. Progressive: 高校で化学を教えている, “He teaches chemistry at high school.” で is the school. It is not the Learner. The clause fills no Learner. フランス語を教える and ピアノを教える, in 研究社新和英中辞典, are the same Content-only shape, glossed “teach somebody French” and “give somebody lessons in piano.”
に of the Learner. イヌに, 彼に, 人に. The Content beside that に is を. This is the match for beibringen.
を of the Content. A skill: 英語を, 芸を, 化学を, フランス語を. Information: 道を, 花の名所を, 電話番号を. The particle does not mark the sense. The dictionary’s sense number and the English gloss do.
を of the Learner, with no Content. 三年生を教えている. The class is the people who are taught. The clause does not add 英語を. A double を built by putting the two printed objects in one clause is constructed below and rejected.
Historical を of a person. 日本国語大辞典語誌 (1): in Heian Japanese, をしふ in 和文 usually takes 「〈人〉に〈物〉ををしふ」, and 漢文訓読文 also takes 「〈人〉ををしふ」, as in the cited 一切の人を勧化(ヲシヘ)て. That is a historical note about classical をしふ. It is not a modern clause of 教える with a Learner in を and an overt Content. The inform example in the same article is the Kokin line 我にをしへよ: に, and no を phrase.
Sense 3, off the three-place skill frame. デジタル大辞泉 sense 3 is ものの道理や真実を相手に悟らせて導く。戒める。教訓を与える. The lines are 「父の生き方に―・えられた」 and 「今回の事件が我々に―・えるところは多い」. 研究社新和英中辞典 prints これにはずいぶん教えられたよ, “I've learned a lot from this.” The に is the source of the lesson. It is not the Learner of sense 1. Sense 3 of Kenkyusha, 〈説く〉 preach, is off this frame.
教わる. Nominative Learner. Teacher に in 上田先生に and だれに. Content を in 水泳を and やり方を, or は in 算数は and ドイツ語は. The articles opened do not put に and を of those two complements in one clause. から is inside the definition 他人から知らせてもらう and is not filled by a teacher phrase in the example.
習う. Sense 1, けいこ, has no teacher. Sense 2 is glossed 教わる and prints 父から将棋を. Progressive and Kenkyusha print について. Progressive also prints のもとで. 子供のころスキーを習った and 昨年自動車の運転を習った fill a Content and no teacher.
指導する. The person is を: 人を指導する立場. 導く prints 生徒を導く under the definition 指導する. 教える keeps an overt Content in を and the Learner in に.
てもらう. Progressive prints 彼にコンピュータの使い方を教えてもらった, “I got him to give me instructions for using the computer.” に is the person. を is the content. The subject is the receiver, and the verb complex is 教えてもらう. デジタル大辞泉 glosses 教わる as 教えてもらう. The Progressive clause is not a clause of the lemma 教わる.

EN ⇄ JA valency strip

Each row lines up one English slot with a Japanese slot, and names the German, Russian, or Hungarian slot where the case differs. The alignment type says what happens to the slot: = (same object status), or shift (a bare English object ↔ a Japanese particle). Printed dictionary lines come first. A Japanese sentence with no printed source is constructed. The constructed line shows the working limit. It is not frequency, and it is not a bilingual corpus.

English–Japanese valency alignment for teach / 教える, one row per argument
Slot	EN form	JA form	Align	EN example	JA example
Teacher	SUBJ of teach	nominative subject of 教える	=	He teaches chemistry at high school Progressive gloss	高校で化学を教えているプログレッシブ和英中辞典
Learner · with Content	bare object of teach someone something	に	shift · this に matches the dative of beibringen · учить and tanít frame (a) use an accusative here	I give him private lessons in English Progressive gloss	彼にプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · イヌにデジタル大辞泉
Content · skill	bare something	を	shift on the English bare object · this を matches the accusative of beibringen	teach somebody French Kenkyusha gloss	フランス語を教える研究社新和英中辞典 · 芸をデジタル大辞泉
Learner · no Content	bare object of teach them	を · 三年生を	the clause prints no Content · an accusative Learner beside a Content is the government of учить	teaching the third-year class gloss	三年生を教えているデジタル大辞泉
Tell / show	tell / show / give	the same に and を	the English verb changes · the particles do not	Please give me your phone number Progressive gloss	電話番号を教えて下さいプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · 人に道を教える same dictionary · sense ❷
教わる	subject of learn / be taught	nominative Learner · teacher に · content を or は	the Learner has left the に slot · the printed teacher marker is に	Mr. Ueda taught me arithmetic Progressive gloss	算数は上田先生に教わったプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · 水泳を教わった same dictionary
習う	learn from	teacher から · content を · sense 2	the source particle printed beside を is から · sense 1 prints no teacher	learn shogi from one’s father gloss	父から将棋を習うデジタル大辞泉 · sense 2 · glossed 教わる
指導する	guide / coach	person を	the person is を · 教える puts an overt Content in that particle	a position of guiding a person gloss	人を指導する立場デジタル大辞泉
Two を	the English double object has no case particle	Learner を beside Content を	unprinted · the active norm of lehren is two accusatives	—	* 三年生を英語を教える constructed · 三年生を and 英語を are each printed, in different clauses

The strip below is a set of small multiples. Each card holds one frame. The subject of 教える is the Teacher. The subject of 教わる and of 習う is the Learner.

JA · に + を

Learner に · Content を

teach a dog a trick

イヌに芸を教える

JA · デジタル大辞泉 · sense 1 · 「イヌに芸を―・える」 · the match for beibringen

RolesHide roles LearnerContent

Learner イヌに Content 芸を

Move dative Learner, accusative Content · the cloth of beibringen, enseñar, преподавать, and tanít frame (b)

JA · Content only

を · no Learner

He teaches chemistry at high school.

高校で化学を教えている

JA · プログレッシブ和英中辞典 · sense ❶ · で is the school

RolesHide roles Content

Content 化学を

Move the Content is を with no Learner in the clause · デジタル大辞泉 prints 英語を教える in the same shape

JA · Learner only

を · no Content

teaching the third-year class

学校では三年生を教えている

JA · デジタル大辞泉 · sense 1 · Learner を · no Content printed

RolesHide roles Learner

Learner 三年生を

Move учить and tanít frame (a) can keep an accusative Learner beside a Content · this clause does not

JA · tell / show

same に + を

show a person the way

人に道を教える

JA · プログレッシブ和英中辞典 · sense ❷ · tell / show · not the skill gloss

RolesHide roles AddresseeContent

Addressee 人に Content 道を · information

Move the particles match the teaching frame · Progressive’s English is direct / show · Kenkyusha’s is tell / show

JA · give, not teach

を · information

Please give me your phone number.

電話番号を教えて下さい

JA · プログレッシブ和英中辞典 · sense ❷ · give · may I have · teach is the wrong English verb

RolesHide roles Content

Content 電話番号を

Move 駅への道を教えて下さい is the same dictionary’s “Please tell me how to get to the station”

JA · 教わる

Learner subject · teacher に

Mr. Ueda taught me arithmetic.

算数は上田先生に教わった

JA · プログレッシブ和英中辞典 · teacher に · content は · 水泳を教わった is the を line, in another clause

RolesHide roles TeacherContent

Teacher 上田先生に Content 算数は

Move the converse of 教える · compare tanul and учиться · the printed teacher particle here is に

JA · 習う

teacher から · content を

learn shogi from one’s father

父から将棋を習う

JA · デジタル大辞泉 · sense 2 · glossed 教わる · sense 1 is けいこ and prints no teacher

RolesHide roles TeacherContent

Teacher 父から Content 将棋を

Move the other learner-subject verb · から beside を is printed here · it is unprinted as one clause of 教わる

JA · 指導する

person を

a position of guiding a person

人を指導する立場

JA · デジタル大辞泉 · 導く sense 2 prints 生徒を導く and defines it as 指導する

RolesHide roles Person

Person 人を

Move the guided person is を · 教える keeps that particle for an overt Content

JA · two を

を + を ≠ 教える

—

* 三年生を英語を教える

JA constructed · starred · Learner を beside Content を · each object is printed in a different clause · together they are unprinted

RolesHide roles LearnerContent

Learner 三年生を Content 英語を

Move the printed pair is に plus を · two accusatives are the active norm of lehren

Examples

Argument difference. English teach someone something is one gloss with two bare objects. Japanese 教える puts the Learner in に and the Content in を. That pair matches beibringen. Russian учить and frame (a) of Hungarian tanít can put the Learner in the accusative beside a Content. The Japanese Learner in を is 三年生を教えている, and the Content is absent. Sense 2 uses the same particles for information, and the bilingual dictionaries gloss that sense tell, show, or give. 教わる makes the Learner the subject and prints the teacher in に. 習う sense 2 prints the teacher in から beside を. 指導する prints the person in を.

Dictionary frames and lines · checked · quoted as printed

「英語を―・える」「イヌに芸を―・える」「学校では三年生を―・えている」デジタル大辞泉 · 教える sense 1
高校で化学を教えている。彼に英語を個人的に教えている。このクッキーの作りかたを教えてください。プログレッシブ和英中辞典 · sense ❶
「道を―・える」「花の名所を―・える」デジタル大辞泉 · sense 2 · 人に道を教える。電話番号を教えて下さい。駅への道を教えて下さい。プログレッシブ和英中辞典 · sense ❷
フランス語を教える。ピアノを教える。道を教える。この機械の操作を教えて下さい。どうしたらいいのか教えて下さい。研究社新和英中辞典
「父の生き方に―・えられた」「今回の事件が我々に―・えるところは多い」デジタル大辞泉 · sense 3 · これにはずいぶん教えられたよ。研究社新和英中辞典
「小学校で―・った先生」「やり方を―・る」デジタル大辞泉 · 教わる · 水泳を教わった。算数は上田先生に教わった。プログレッシブ和英中辞典 · ドイツ語はだれに教わったのですか。研究社新和英中辞典
「夜ふけに一人でダンスのステップを―・う」「父から将棋を―・う」デジタル大辞泉 · 習う senses 1 and 2 · だれについて英語を習ったのですか。プログレッシブ和英中辞典
「人を指導する立場」デジタル大辞泉 · 指導 · 「生徒を―・く」デジタル大辞泉 · 導く sense 2 · defined as 指導する

The blocks below open one argument at a time. A line with no tag is the working name of the slot. A constructed sentence wears constructed or constructed.

Learner · に, beside Content をHide the に Learner Learner

✓ イヌに芸を教えるデジタル大辞泉 · both complements in one clause

✓ 彼に英語を個人的に教えているプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · both complements in one clause

The Learner is に. The Content is を. This is the frame of beibringen.

Tell / show · English verbHide the tell / show lines Content

✓ 電話番号を教えて下さいプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · “Please give me your phone number”

✓ 駅への道を教えて下さいプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · “Please tell me how to get to the station”

✓ この機械の操作を教えて下さい研究社新和英中辞典 · “Please show me how to operate this machine”

✓ どうしたらいいのか教えて下さい研究社新和英中辞典 · “Tell me what to do, please”

The Japanese verb is still 教える. The English verb in these glosses is give, tell, or show.

Two を · unprintedHide the double を LearnerContent

* 三年生を英語を教える constructed · 三年生を is the Learner-only line · 英語を is the Content-only line · one clause with both is unprinted

Voice

The passive lines that the articles print belong to sense 3. デジタル大辞泉 prints 父の生き方に教えられた. 研究社新和英中辞典 prints これにはずいぶん教えられたよ, “I've learned a lot from this.” The に phrase is the source of the lesson. No passive that promotes 三年生 is printed. Nothing of that shape is constructed.

Progressive’s 彼にコンピュータの使い方を教えてもらった makes the receiver the subject of もらう. The person stays に. The content stays を. It is the benefactive complex the dictionary glosses as getting instructions. It is not a passive of 三年生.

Derivations · working sketches, revisable

Each sketch is a working drawing, not a locked analysis. The drawing gives the Teacher to Voice, the Learner to low Appl, and the Content to the root. On 教わる and on 習う the nominative is the learner-side subject. Open one sketch at a time. Which theta role is the object is the revisable note Causative templates and argument selection. This page does not edit that note.

Voice · the Teacher is the external argument of 教える

Printed · one external argument · teaching sense

[TP [教える]
  [VoiceP Voice                     ← Teacher = Spec,Voice
    … 教える … ]]

✓ 高校で化学を教えているプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · “He teaches chemistry at high school”

The external argument of this sense is the Teacher. 教わる and 習う use the nominative slot for the person who receives the Content.

Low Appl · the Learner · the root takes the Content

に Learner · を Content

[VoiceP Voice
  [ApplP_LOW [イヌに] Appl            ← Learner · に
    [VP √教え-
       [Content 芸を ]]]]             ← Content · を

✓ イヌに芸を教えるデジタル大辞泉 · sense 1

✓ 彼に英語を個人的に教えているプログレッシブ和英中辞典 · sense ❶

✓ 学校では三年生を教えているデジタル大辞泉 · Learner を · no Content

* 三年生を英語を教える constructed · two を

English, German, Russian, and Hungarian · one gloss, not one case frame

Working · no English teach page is opened · German is teach-de.html · Russian is teach-ru.html · Hungarian is teach-hu.html

[VoiceP Voice                                  ← Teacher
  [ApplP_LOW someone Appl                     ← EN bare object
    [VP √TEACH                                · JA 教える: Learner に, Content を
       [Content something ]]]]                · DE beibringen: jdm etw
                                              · RU учить: accusative Learner, dative Content
                                              · HU tanít (a): accusative Learner, sublative Content
                                              · HU tanít (b): dative Learner, accusative Content

教える matches the dative Learner and the accusative Content of beibringen. учить and frame (a) of tanít put the Learner in the accusative. The Japanese clause that puts the Learner in を prints no Content. 指導する is the verb that prints the person in を.

Layer-by-layer parallel: English teach, Japanese 教える, German beibringen, Russian учить, Hungarian tanít
Layer	teach (EN) · no page	教える	beibringen	учить / tanít (a)
Spec,Voice	Teacher	Teacher	Teacher	Teacher
Learner	bare object, or to	に when the Content is overt · を in 三年生を教えている	dative	accusative
Content	bare object	を	accusative	dative on учить · sublative on tanít (a)
Learner as subject	learn is another verb	教わる · teacher に · 習う sense 2 · teacher から	lernen is not the German page	учиться · у+genitive · tanul · -tól/-től

Notes

Working paper · October 2026 · Japanese micro-entry · Beyond Index 2

Teaching in Japanese is not the English double object. Teacher (Voice, subject), Learner (low Appl), Content (complement of the root). On 教える the Learner is に and the Content is を. That pair matches German beibringen. A Learner in を is printed only in 三年生を教えている, with no Content. The tell/show sense uses the same particles and is glossed tell, show, or give. 教わる makes the Learner the subject. 習う sense 2 prints から. 指導する prints the person in を.

JA micro-entry live Beyond Index 2 Tell / show is the same particles DE beibringen live ES enseñar live RU учить live HU tanít live FR enseigner live IT insegnare live PL uczyć live NL leren live NO lære live BG уча live ZH 教 live PT ensinar live

Sense × language: teach · Japanese (教える). The teaching sense is the page. The tell/show sense stays on the page and off the skill gloss. Sense 3 stays on the page and off the three-place skill frame. 教わる, 習う, and 指導する stay notes. No English teach hub. German: teach · lehren / beibringen / unterrichten. Spanish: teach · enseñar. Russian: teach · учить / научить. Hungarian: teach · tanít. French: teach · enseigner. Italian: teach · insegnare. Polish: teach · uczyć / nauczyć. Dutch: teach · leren. Norwegian: teach · lære. Bulgarian: teach · уча / науча. Mandarin: teach · 教. Portuguese: teach · ensinar. Geometry neighbors: lend · 貸す · rent · 貸す. Index 2 does not list Japanese 教える.

Places
EN ⇄ JA strip
Examples
Voice
Derivations
Hierarchy
Geometry
Open items
Corpus and sources

Working paper. Japanese-only micro-entry. Frames were checked on デジタル大辞泉 and 日本国語大辞典 (Kotobank), on プログレッシブ和英中辞典第4版 (Kotobank), on 研究社新和英中辞典 (Weblio), and on Roland A. Lange, 501 Japanese Verbs (Barron’s, 1988).

Constructed examples. The dictionary lines are marked as printed. The dash in ―・える is the dictionary’s abbreviation of the headword. The starred double を is marked constructed.

Arity. Index 2 does not list 教える. The Japanese Index 2 cell is Risk / 賭ける. Surface count can name a teacher, a learner, and a content. The lexicon does not list three co-arguments of one flat V, and it does not list the English double object as the Japanese frame. Voice adds the Teacher. Low Appl adds the Learner. The root takes the Content.

What this page does not do. It does not give 教える two を phrases. It does not gloss sense 2 as teach. It does not give 教わる a stacked teacher-から and content-を. It does not give 習う a teacher in に. It does not print 生徒を指導する. It does not open a page for 教わる, 習う, or 指導する.

Hierarchy

Not a flat grid of three sisters, and not the English double object copied onto one Japanese verb. Voice adds the Teacher. Low Appl adds the Learner. The root takes the Content.

What Japanese changes, against teach someone something, is the particle of the Learner. Beside an overt Content, that particle is に, and the Content is を. German beibringen prints the same pairing in the dative and the accusative. Russian учить and Hungarian tanít frame (a) print an accusative Learner beside a Content. 教える prints the Learner in を in 三年生を教えている, with no Content in the clause. 指導する prints the person in を.

Geometry · 教える beside beibringen, учить, and tanít

English teach. teach someone something. No case particle. No English page is opened. For sense 2, the bilingual dictionaries print tell, show, or give.
教える, skill. Learner に, Content を. イヌに芸を教える. 彼に英語を個人的に教えている. Content alone: 英語を教える, 高校で化学を教えている. Learner alone: 三年生を教えている.
教える, tell / show. The same particles. 人に道を教える. 電話番号を教えて下さい. 道を教える in Kenkyusha is tell or show, and the note separates words from a map or guidance.
教わる. Learner subject. Teacher に: 上田先生に, だれに. Content を: 水泳を, やり方を. The two are different clauses.
習う. Sense 1 is けいこ and prints no teacher. Sense 2 is glossed 教わる and prints 父から将棋を習う.
指導する. Person を: 人を指導する立場. 導く: 生徒を導く, defined as 指導する.
beibringen. Dative Learner, accusative Content. The close match. lehren’s active norm is two accusatives.
учить and tanít. The Learner can be accusative beside a Content. tanít frame (b) matches に plus を. tanul takes -tól/-től. учиться takes у+genitive. Those are the learner-subject sources. On 教わる the printed teacher particle is に. On 習う sense 2 it is から.
貸す and 貸す. Recipient or lessee に, theme を. The particle pair is the same shape. The roles on this page are Learner and Content.

Open items

大辞林. Not in the Kotobank text served for 教える. That page serves デジタル大辞泉 and 日本国語大辞典. No 大辞林 case frame is quoted.
Teacher から and Content を on 教わる, in one clause. Unprinted. から is in the definition 他人から知らせてもらう. The example does not fill a teacher phrase. Not constructed.
Teacher に on 習う. Unprinted in the articles opened. Daijisen sense 2 prints から. Progressive and Kenkyusha print について. Progressive also prints のもとで. Not constructed.
Teacher に and Content を on 教わる, in one clause. Unprinted. The に lines use は for the subject of study. The を lines print no teacher. Not constructed.
Lange 1988. The table head is osie.ru, “TRANSITIVE to teach, to inform.” The English–Japanese index line is “teach osieru T 367.” The nara.u head is “TRANSITIVE to learn,” and the index line is “learn narau T 337.” Neither table prints a clause with に, を, or から.
Passive of 三年生. Unprinted. Not constructed. The printed passives are sense 3.
生徒を指導する. Unprinted. The printed lines are 人を指導する立場 and 生徒を導く. Not constructed.

Corpus filenames and sources checked

Dictionary frames: デジタル大辞泉 and 日本国語大辞典, on Kotobank, for 教える, 教わる, 習う, 指導, and 導く; プログレッシブ和英中辞典第4版, on Kotobank; 研究社新和英中辞典, on Weblio. Roland A. Lange, 501 Japanese Verbs, Barron’s Educational Series, 1988, copyright 1988, ISBN 0-8120-3991-2: the table gloss and the index line, and no case clause. Email-example and subtitle lines on the Weblio pages are not used. Index 2 does not list 教える.

デジタル大辞泉 · 教える kotobank.jp · 教える-452287 · ［動ア下一］ · sense 1 英語を―・える · イヌに芸を―・える · 三年生を―・えている · sense 2 道を―・える · 花の名所を―・える · sense 3 父の生き方に―・えられた · 類語 includes 指導する
日本国語大辞典 · 教える kotobank.jp · 教える-452287 · 語誌 (1) 〈人〉に〈物〉ををしふ · 〈人〉ををしふ in 漢文訓読文 · sense ② 我にをしへよ · sense ③ the skill reading
プログレッシブ和英中辞典第4版 · 教える kotobank.jp · jeword · 教える · sense ❶ teach / instruct · 高校で化学を教えている · 彼に英語を個人的に教えている · このクッキーの作りかたを教えてください show / give · sense ❷ tell / show · 人に道を教える · 電話番号を教えて下さい · 駅への道を教えて下さい
研究社新和英中辞典 · 教える weblio.jp · 教える · フランス語を教える teach somebody French · 道を教える tell / show · the note on tell, show, and direct · この機械の操作を教えて下さい · どうしたらいいのか教えて下さい · 〈指導する〉 is the English gloss row
デジタル大辞泉 · 教わる kotobank.jp · 教わる · ［動ラ五（四）］ · 教えを受ける。教えてもらう · 小学校で―・った先生 · やり方を―・る · 類語習う
日本国語大辞典 · 教わる kotobank.jp · 教わる · ① 習う · ② 他人から知らせてもらう · example 教(ヲソハ)りし門へ往
プログレッシブ和英中辞典 · 教わる kotobank.jp · jeword · 教わる · 水泳を教わった · 算数は上田先生に教わった
研究社新和英中辞典 · 教わる weblio.jp · 教わる · ドイツ語はだれに教わったのですか · 私の電話番号をどこで教わったのですか Where did you get my phone number
デジタル大辞泉 · 習う kotobank.jp · 習う · sense 1 けいこする · 夜ふけに一人でダンスのステップを―・う · sense 2 教わる · 父から将棋を―・う
プログレッシブ和英中辞典 · 習う kotobank.jp · jeword · 習う · だれについて英語を習ったのですか · 山田夫人のもとで踊りを習った
研究社新和英中辞典 · 習う weblio.jp · 習う · …について英語を習う · 昨年自動車の運転を習った · 〈教わる〉 be taught by / take lessons in
デジタル大辞泉 · 指導 kotobank.jp · 指導-74344 · ［名］(スル) · 人を指導する立場
デジタル大辞泉 · 導く kotobank.jp · 導く · sense 2 指導する · 生徒を―・く
Lange, 501 Japanese Verbs archive.org · 501 Japanese Verbs, 1988 · Roland A. Lange · Barron’s · osie.ru TRANSITIVE to teach, to inform · index “teach osieru T 367” · nara.u TRANSITIVE to learn · no に/を clause
German sibling teach-de.html · beibringen dative Learner + accusative Content · lehren double accusative
Russian sibling teach-ru.html · учить accusative Learner + dative Content · преподавать the reverse
Hungarian sibling teach-hu.html · tanít frame (a) accusative Learner + sublative Content · frame (b) accusative Content + dative Learner · tanul ablative source
Spanish sibling teach-es.html · enseñar dative Learner + accusative Content

Records the に Learner and the を Content of 教える, the Learner-only を of 三年生, the tell/show glosses, the learner-subject verbs 教わる and 習う, and the person-を of 指導する. Does not open a second page for 教わる.